新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族,哈萨克族,蒙古族活体测量比较

对新疆伊犁地区维吾尔族404人(男232人、女172人)、哈萨克族 359人(男197人、女162人)、蒙古族209人(男117人、女92人)×32项活体测量项目及22项体质指标指数的性别和民族间比较.结果表明,三民族共同特征:身材超中等,头短而宽,头长高指数属高头型,头宽高指数属阔头型,面高而宽,中等鼻高,窄型鼻宽,鼻指数属狭鼻型,口裂宽中等,女性头较男性圆、高、阔.主要不同之处:哈萨克族身材较高、面宽、唇厚、头型阔而圆;蒙古族额部、面部较宽、骨盆值最大;维吾尔族面较窄、唇薄等.     

宁夏回族和汉族群体指长比的研究

目的研究宁夏回、汉族群体指长比,比较分析宁夏两种不同民族、不同性别群体左右手及不同民族指长比均值的分布特点。方法采用体质测量法,研究宁夏回族412例(男:219例,女:193例)、汉族439例(男:241例,女:198例)左右手指长比(2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D、3D:4D、3D:5D、4D:5D)。结果指长比均值呈现2D:3D<2D:4D<3D:4D<2D:5D<4D:5D<3D:5D的趋势;同一民族左右手指长比均数女性高于男性,且2D:3D、2D:4D、2D:5D有显著性差异(P<0.05);同一性别不同民族左右手指长比无显著性差异。结论指长比在性别间存在差异,2D:4D具有明显的性别差异。     

滇西八个少数民族人群六种红细胞酶的遗传多态性

采用ＥｓＤ－ＰＧＭ１－ＧＬＯＩ同步电泳分型法和ＥＡＰ－ＡＤＡ－ＡＫ，同步电泳分型法，对滇西８个少数民族人群的红细胞酶ＥｓＤ、ＰＧＭ１、ＧＬＯＩ、ＥＡＰ、ＡＤＡ和ＡＫ１的表型分布进行了调查。计算出上述６种红细胞酶在僳僳族、纳西族、景颇族、普米族、怒族、阿昌族、德昂族和独龙族中的基因频率范围分别为：ＥｓＤ１０．６１２７～０．７２８２，ＰＧＭ１０．６６６７～０．８１００，ＧＬＯ１０．０８３３～０．２２１２，ＥＡＰＡ０．０９２２～０．３５２４，ＡＤＡ１０．９１２６～０．９９００，ＡＫ１１０．９９０５～１．００００．本次调查在６个民族中检出ＰＧＭ１６基因，其基因频率范围为０．００３３～０．０２９４．未发现其它酶型的变异型，亦未检出ＥＡＰｃ基因。对被调查人群中存在着的各酶型分布差异进行了分析。     

HLA ANTIGENS IN AMERINDIAN GROUPS OF TWO DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC FAMILIES FROM COLOMBIA

Serological HLA types (A, B, C, DR and DQ loci) were studied in five different Indian tribes (Cubeo, Tucano, Coreguaje, Embera and Noanama) belonging to two distinct linguistic families. For all the MHC loci, the range of variation among the five tribes was enormous. Two tribes, Cubeo and Tucano, showed a wide spectrum of antigenic specificities which seemed to be due to admixture from non-tribal groups, while in the other three tribes the polymorphisms of various HLA loci showed restricted distributions. The gene frequency data, when converted to a kinship matrix and a two-dimensional eigenvector plot, indicated that members of the same linguistic family tend to have greater genetic affinity.     

贵州汉族人群HLA抗原的多态性

本研究用第三届亚洲大洋洲组织相客性专题讨论会的418份血清,检测了78例无血缘关系的贵州汉族成人的HLA-A、B、C、DR和DQ位点抗原共92个特异性,并计算了其基因频率和单倍型频率。 贵州汉族人中最常见的抗原是HLA-A2、A11、A9、B40、BW46、CW3、CW1、DRW9、DR2等;呈显著连锁不平衡的单倍型有21条,⊿值最高的几条是BW46-CW1、BW46-CW3、A2-DR2、A2-CW1、A2-DQW1、A2-BW46和BW46-DRW9. 用本研究资料和其它中国人群的资料比较,从有明显异同的HLA-A1、A3、A11、BW22和BW46等的抗原频率上看,贵州地区汉族人和中国北方人群间的差异有显著性,而和中国南方人群间的差异无显著性。故从HLA的多态性上看,贵州汉族人群具有中国南方人的特征。     

HLA DOA-DQB HAPLOTYPES IN A SWEDISH POPULATION

Samples from 94 Swedish blood donors were analysed for HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 alleles by the PCR-SSO technique used in the XIth Histocompatibility Workshop. Seven DQA1 and 12 DQB1 alleles were identified and a total of 17 haplotype combinations were found deduced from the most probable allele combinations. Frequencies calculated from these haplotypes were compared to those calculated from the phenotypes according to Mattiuz et al. (1970). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 17 haplotype combinations deduced. Eight haplotype combinations had exactly the same frequencies and four had approximately the same frequencies independent of the calculation method used. The DQA1*0301-DQB 1*0302, DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, DQA1* 0101-DQB1* 0501, and DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 were the most frequent haplotypes with frequencies over 0.130.     

中南和西南五城市汉族人群HLA抗原分布概貌

中南和西南有五个城市(成都、武汉、重庆、长沙、贵阳)共八个实验室参加了第三届亚太组织相容性专题讨论会HLA分型研究。对385例健康汉族人作了HLA-A,-B,-C,-DR和-DQ抗原分型。由会议计算中心分析数据,计算出HLA抗原频率、基因频率、两位点单倍型频率及遗传距离等遗传参数。结果表明中国南方汉族群体的HLA分布具有相对同质性。     

HLA CLASS II POLYMORPHISM AND IDDM SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE GREEK POPULATION

The frequencies of HLA-DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 alleles were compared between 50 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Melitus (IDDM) patients and 49 healthy controls in the Greek population. Statistically significant difference in the frequencies of HLA-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (P = 10^-4), DQA1*0301-DQB1*0201 (P= 0.01) and DQA P0301-DQB 1*0302 (P= 0.001) were observed. The DRB1*0405-DQA1*0301-DQB 1*0201 was the only DR, DQ combination significantly associated with the disease. The unexpected increase of DRB1*0405 observed in the Greek IDDM may suggest as reported in Chinese and Japanese IDDM a contribution of DRβ and DQα in susceptibility. Moreover, in contrast to the Asians, in the Greek, the DRβ, DQα are found with the usual DQβ 57-ve.     

PROFILE OF A POTENTIAL ABUSER

ABSTRACT This is a study of a boy entering puberty who developed fantasies of sexually abusing younger children; it looks at a number of issues that lie behind such thoughts and the risk that they might be acted out. A child who has been the victim of inappropriate sexual advances from a parent may develop into an abuser themself later on in life, but this is not inevitable. Other risk factors have to be considered, and all taken in the context of the strong possibility that being exploited by a caregiver has left the child with neither a sense of trust nor an organized internal programme for creating fulfilling relationships (disorganized attachment) in the future. The six risk factors considered are: social isolation, unhelpful ego-defences, distorted identity, lack of empathy, a need to dominate, and precipitating oedipal fantasies into reality. Work with a boy in whom all six risk factors coalesced is described.     

HLA-DPB1 DNA POLYMORPHISM IN THE SWISS POPULATION: LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM WITH OTHER HLA LOCI AND POPULATION GENETIC AFFINITIES

Allelic diversity at the HLA-DPB1 locus was determined by PCR-oligotyping in a sample of 125 healthy Swiss individuals. A total of 17 alleles were detected among which four main alleles (DPB 1*0401, *0201, *0301, *0402) reached a cumulative frequency of 74.8%. HLA-A and -B (by serology) and HLA-DRB1 (by oligotyping) allelic polymorphisms were analysed also. HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 loci were highly polymorphic with 25 and 28 alleles respectively and similar heterozygosity levels of 0.93 and 0.92. These two loci were found to be more polymorphic than expected under neutrality, while lower heterozygosity levels were found for HLA-A (0.87) and DPB1 (0.81) loci. This paper presents also a global comparison of DPB1 allelic frequencies among 15 populations from four continents. As opposed to the DRB1 locus, overall DPB1 is shown to have a lower level of polymorphism and may be considered as neutral in all tested populations. DPB 1 genetic diversity is correlated significantly with geography also, as found previously for DRB1. Two- and four-locus haplotype frequencies were determined and the significance of their linkage disequilibrium tested by an original non-parametric method. A significant positive linkage disequilibrium was found for 11 A-B, 16 B-DRB1, 7 DRB1-DPB1 and 3 A-B-DRB1-DPB1 haplotypes. The overall linkage disequilibrium between DRB1 and DPB1 was much lower than expected from the physical distance and lower than for A-B and B-DRB1 pairs. The implications of these results for bone marrow transplantation and for the evolution of HLA loci are discussed.     

HLA CLASS II AND SUSCEPTIBILITY AND RESISTANCE TO INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS IN A POPULATION FROM THE NORTHWEST OF SPAIN

The role of HLA class II alleles in genetic predisposition to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) was examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction/oligonucleotide probe typing (PCR/SSOs) of eight HLA class II loci in 58 IDDM patients and 50 healthy controls from the Northwest of Spain (Asturias). We compared the distribution of HLA class II alleles, haplotypes and genotypes between IDDM patients and controls, and tested three recently proposed HLA-IDDM susceptibility theories. By using the aetiologic fraction (δ) as an almost absolute measure of the strongest linkage of disequilibrium of a HLA marker to the putative Type I susceptibility locus, it has been found that the strength of association of the HLA markers may be quantified as follows: DQA1 *03-DQB1 *0302 or DQA1 *0501-DQB1 *0201 > DR3 or DR4; presence of more than one dimer DQαβ of the six proposed by Rønningen > non-Asp57 DQβ and Arg52 DQα > Arg52 DQα > non-Asp57 DQβ/non-Asp57 DQβ > DRB1*0301; DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 > DQA1*03-DQB1*0302; DQB1*0302. The presence of at least one Asp57 DQβ allele was the best protection HLA marker to IDDM in our population. Therefore, the above data confirm that IDDM susceptibility to HLA locus is linked more to DQ than DR.     

THE BLOOD GROUPS OF GASTRIC ULCER-CANCER

There was a statistically significant excess of Group A blood in a series of ulcer-cancers. It is concluded that an ulcer in a patient of Group A is more liable to become malignant than one in a patient of Group O.     

THE RELATIONSHIP OF INDIVIDUAL‐ AND COMMUNITY‐LEVEL SOCIOCULTURAL AND NEIGHBORHOOD FACTORS TO THE MENTAL HEALTH OF ETHNIC GROUPS IN TWO LARGE U.S. CITIES

Using multilevel modeling, the present study examines psychological well‐being as a function of sociocultural factors, neighborhood disadvantage, neighborhood fragmentation, and neighborhood integration, along with individual factors among a sample of 1,306 African and Latino/a Americans living in New York City and Chicago neighborhoods. Neighborhood blocks were prestratified based on racial/ethnic and economic characteristics and then randomly selected within predefined strata, resulting in a total of 140 block (neighborhood) groups. A means‐as‐outcome and slopes‐as‐outcome model was fit to the data. Intraclass correlation coefficients for psychological well‐being for the fully unconditional model revealed that 15% of the variance in psychological well‐being is between neighborhoods. Results from subsequent model building revealed differences in mean levels of psychological well‐being as well as heterogeneity between neighborhoods through varying predictor effects on psychological well‐being (i.e., certain predictor effects varied across neighborhoods). Sociocultural variables such as cultural identity, religious/spiritual coping, and family obligation were significantly associated with psychological well‐being, generally beneficial, and sometimes varying with generation status and across neighborhoods. Different dimensions of neighborhood disadvantage and fragmentation emerged as important factors, although neighborhood integration did not. Our final models explained a substantial proportion of the variance in psychological well‐being within and between neighborhoods. They also revealed the contextual and conditional nature of sociocultural factors.     

UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY ISSUES OF INTERFAITH GROUPS

Community psychologists are interested in community‐based organizations that work to address community issues. To extend research in this area, we use k‐means cluster analysis with a sample of 81 interfaith groups from across the United States to understand what types of issues they work on in their local communities. We demonstrate three typologies of how groups work on explicitly religious and/or more general social issues (i.e., religious and social issues, social but not religious issues, religious but not social issues). Moreover, we show typologies differ on group characteristics such as religious and racial diversity, the degree of religious and community information sharing at meetings, and the extent groups sponsor events or organize protests. Overall, this study furthers an understanding of the different ways interfaith groups contribute to community change efforts by working on distinct sets of issues in their community. Limitations and directions for future research and collaboration are discussed.     

RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT OF MASTERY

Residents of poor, non‐white neighborhoods experience high rates of neighborhood stressors like crime, violence, and disorder. Stress process theory suggests that mastery is important for understanding how neighborhood stressors affect resident mental health. This research examines the relationship between neighborhood stressors and mastery with a focus on racial and ethnic differences in a multi‐ethnic sample of Chicago residents. Because Black and Hispanic residents disproportionately live in high stressor neighborhoods and have more difficulty escaping them than Whites, a compound disadvantage model is proposed and tested using multilevel models with cross‐level interactions. Findings suggest race‐specific neighborhood antecedents of mastery and support for the compound disadvantage hypothesis. In highest stress neighborhoods, Blacks have lower mastery than Whites. In average and lower stress neighborhoods, Blacks have a mastery advantage.     

A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF POTENTIAL YOUTH MENTOR VOLUNTEERS

Mentoring programs rely on adult volunteers to offer disadvantaged children friendship, role modeling, and insight into the way others relate. However, with the increasing numbers of children requiring mentors, programs are finding it difficult to attract enough volunteers. This study investigates (a) community awareness of an Australian youth mentoring program, (b) the proportion of the population who would consider becoming a mentor in future, and (c) whether those who would consider it differ significantly in their psychological characteristics. While awareness of the program is low, consideration of mentoring is relatively high. Those who would consider volunteering for the program have distinct psychological characteristics, indicating that customized marketing strategies are likely to be effective in attracting them. Findings demonstrate the potential for marketing techniques to be used effectively in the youth mentoring arena and give practical guidance as to how effective campaigns could boost numbers of mentors.