The role of laboratory dyeing machine design in achieving accurate colour matching for bulk

Historically the demands of industry have stimulated technological developments in laboratory machinery design. During the last two decades laboratory machine manufacturers have produced equipment capable of simulating all production process machine parameters. Development of new process technology lies largely in the hands of chemists and physicists, and it is inconceivable that engineers will be unable to meet their future demands. Along with the expansion of integration dyeing, recent work in mathematical modelling and dye process control has suggested a requirement for liquor flow control. Equipment to satisfy this need is already available, some of which can determine optimum processing conditions.     

缸体四面钻孔专机的设计及其使用注意事项

本文以某型号汽油机缸体为例，讲解了四面钻孔专机的设计过程及其在使用过程中的注意事项。这种将四个工序的加工内容集中到一台专用设备上加工的方案，是一种高效自动化机床的设计方案，为机械行业的专机设计人员们提供了一个新式的实例借鉴。     

Thermisches Spritzen im Chemieapparate- und Maschinenbau – Anlagen,Werkstoffe, Anwendungen

Thermal spray technique in chemical equipment and machine construction – Plant, materials, applications . The metal spray technique originally used only for repair applications is nowadays also used for production of new equipment since the attainable life expectancy of the coated parts plus the possibility of using inexpensive basic materials result in a significant increase in economy. The use of thermal spray coats in the manufacture of chemical plant calls not only for high adhesion and freedom from pores and cracks but also for good corrosion resistance. The high technological level which has been reached in spray processes as well as the development of suitable spray materials have meant that a satisfactory solution has now been found to a large number of the problems that were still outstanding a few years ago.     

Green chemistry in situ phosphatizing coatings

The current organic coating on metals for aerospace applications involves a multi-step process and considerable energy, labor and control, and it generates toxic wastes such as chlorinated solvents, cyanide, cadmium, lead and carcinogenic chromates. The green chemistry technology of in situ phosphatizing coatings (ISPCs) developed in our laboratory is a one-step self-phosphating process, in which the deposition of metal phosphate layer on the substrate surface and the curing of polymer paint film take place independently, but simultaneously. The formation of a metal phosphate layer in situ will essentially eliminate the metal surface pre-treatment step of employing a phosphating line/bath. The use of chemical bonds linked to the paint polymers to seal the pores of metal phosphate in situ should enhance coating adhesion and suppress metal corrosion without a post-treatment of final rinses containing chromium (Cr⁶⁺). The successful applications of ISPCs in three types of commercial paints (solvent-borne high-solids, water-reducible and VOC-free latex) on bare and pre-treated cold-rolled steel and 2024 aluminum coupons is presented. The protective performance (coating adhesion and corrosion inhibition) of ISPCs is shown to be superior over that of the current multi-step coating practice.     

Optimizing fiber wetout for composites manufacturing

Decreased mechanical strength in a fiber reinforced plastic part can often be traced to poor or incomplete impregnation of the reinforcing fiber with the matrix. To properly understand the impregnation process in the design of new composites manufacturing machinery (specifically in unidirectional tape machines), or to optimize wetout in existing machine designs, the raw process materials and their relationship within the process environment must be examined. The critical factors are: resin viscosity vs. temperature; the work of adhesion between the fiber and resin; and the problem of forcing the resin to completely penetrate a fiber bundle. If these factors are known, nip rolls can be designed to meet a specific process envelope, or in the case of existing equipment, the existing process envelope for specific fiber/matrix combinations can be manipulated for maximum fiber wetout.     

Mind the gap: Ensuring laboratory‐scale testing of an electrospinning product meets commercial‐scale needs

Plant & Food BioProcessing has developed a process to electrospin denatured whole‐chain marine collagen. The collagen is routinely tested on laboratory‐scale electrospinning equipment, but when it is electrospun on industrial equipment, the conditions and the product testing criteria differ from those used in the laboratory. A laboratory electrospinning machine was modified to simulate industrial conditions (≥30 kV). Then, several parameters (voltage, working distance) were adjusted from laboratory‐ to commercial‐scale. These changes did not affect average fiber diameter or deposition rate. The optimum electrospinning conditions were a mixture of laboratory‐ and commercial‐scale conditions (30–50 kV; 10 cm working distance). Reducing the working distance by 5 cm improved the production rate by up to 75%. These changes resulted in better repeatability of electrospun fibers over multiple production runs, with fewer adjustments of solutions and parameters. We recommend this approach to design materials and processes relevant to industrial manufacturing of electrospun fibers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44836.     

新型复合材料成型设备的进展

本文介绍了传统复合材料缠绕设备发展过程与制品应用范围,结合新型复合材料构件要求及应用特点,介绍了针对零度纵向缠绕时纤维稳定性及密实性较差开发应用纤维铺放机,针对缠绕设备低效率和低制造柔性开发应用机器人缠绕,针对缠绕工艺适应性开发应用纤维拉挤编织机。通过说明这些新型设备的应用,阐述了复合材料构件成型设备的发展趋势。     

金属件涂装前纳米级转化膜处理工艺技术

根据涂装金属的腐蚀行为分析,涂层的防腐蚀性能主要取决于涂层与基体表面的附着力。本文结合传统的磷化处理技术特征,提出了节能环保型的涂装前纳米级转化膜处理技术,分别阐述了纳米陶瓷锆盐、硅烷处理金属时在其表面形成的纳米级转化膜的处理工艺技术,研究试验结果表明,纳米级转化膜均可显著提高涂层与金属基体的附着力,其相应的耐腐蚀性能亦接近或达到了磷化处理技术要求。金属件涂装前纳米级转化膜处理技术可广泛地应用于家电、汽车、五金等领域的油漆、粉末及电泳等涂装前处理生产中。     

胶条x光机异物自动检测剔除设备

轮胎工厂挤出压延车间将胶料加工成各种橡胶半成品,再输送至成型车间组合成型。若胶料中带有金属杂物,易损坏挤出机的螺旋喂料杆。同时带有金属杂物的橡胶半成品流入下一工序,会影响轮胎质量或造成轮胎报废,增加生产成本。因此对于轮胎企业来讲,金属检测设备的连续化和自动化是发展的趋势和要求。而胶条X光机异物自动剔除设备正好能够满足设备自动化的要求,因此能得到广泛的应用。     

三轮同步带试验机的原理及加载功率和扭矩的计算

同步带试验机主要用于在实验室模拟同步带在汽车及其他工业设备上的运行状况。检验其使用寿命。本文介绍了试验机的原理、性能、技术参数,重点对三轮同步带试验机有关国家标准不完善的地方进行了补充。     

一种新型过滤装置在脱色工艺上的应用

活性炭脱色是医药产品、精细化工产品及饮品等生产领域常见的单元操作过程,虽然原理简单,但涉及面较广,是产品生产中的重要步骤。鉴于以往脱色后除炭装置采用的传统压滤器存在诸多缺陷,探索了在磺胺嘧啶生产过程中应用新型过滤装置,在小试及现场试验成功的基础上,2001年开始在大型生产中正式应用,大大减轻了劳动强度,提高了生产效率,改善了操作环境,并实现了清洁生产,创造了可观的经济效益和社会效益,同时也为在其他领域的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

Dimple-type failures in a polymer/roughened metal system

Roughening of metal surfaces frequently enhances the adhesion strength of polymers to metals by mechanical interlocking. When a failure occurs in a polymer/roughened metal system, the failure is prone to be cohesive within the polymer. In a previous work, an adhesion study on a polymer (epoxy molding compound, EMC)/roughened metal (brown-oxide-coated copper-based leadframe) system was carried out, and the correlation between the failure path and adhesion strength was investigated. In the present work, an attempt to explain why such failure paths occurred was made under the assumption that microvoids were formed in the EMC, as well as near the roots of the CuO needles during the compression-molding process. A simple adhesion model developed from the theory of fiber reinforcement of composite materials was introduced to explain the adhesion behavior and thereby explain the formation of failure paths. It is believed that the adhesion model developed in the present work can be used to explain the adhesion behavior of other similar polymer/roughened metal systems.     

油田用螺杆泵高效修复工装——定子脱胶机的研制

设计并研制了一种油田用螺杆泵定子脱胶机,概述了设计方案的制定,整套设备各部件尤其是关键部件中频感应加热器的选型;经买际使用验证,该脱胶机整体构架相对简单、使用方便,在工艺效果、环保等方面具有优越性.     

Degradation and recovery of adhesion properties of deformed metal–polymer interfaces studied by laser induced delamination

Adhesion properties of polymer coatings on metals are of great interest in various industrial applications, including packaging of food and drinks. Particular interest is focused on polymer–metal interfaces that are subjected to significant deformations during manufacturing process. In this work steel samples laminated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were subjected to uniaxial tensile deformations followed by annealing treatments. The measurements have demonstrated degradation of adhesion of the metal–polymer interface as the strain introduced by the deformation increased. Moreover, it was observed that within the geometry used in the experiments tensile deformations of the metal substrate introduced in-plane compressive stresses in the bulk of the coating. After applying a thermal treatment restoration of the adhesion has been achieved.Laser induced delamination technique was used to monitor the adhesion properties. In this technique a coating is subjected to a series of infrared laser pulses with a stepwise increase of intensity. Upon increasing the laser pulse intensity, the pressure which is formed inside the blisters reaches a critical value, resulting in further delamination of the coating. To process the experimental data an elastic model was developed. From the analysis of the experimental data the critical stresses required for the delamination and the practical work of adhesion are derived. The model accounts for the compressive in-plane stress present in the coating of the deformed samples.     

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerised Primer to Promote Adhesion of Silicones

By combining a liquid primer and a plasma jet system, a new route to improved adhesion on various substrates has been developed. The liquid primer is introduced as an aerosol into a plasma jet and the resultant active species are deposited as a polymer coating on adjacent surfaces. Careful control of the plasma parameters produced a dry polymerised coating with functional chemistry designed to enhance the adhesion of silicone sealants to two substrates. This paper describes the surface chemistry and adhesion properties of various coatings on both a plastic and a metal substrate. Selected surface analysis techniques were coupled to both wet and dry adhesion testing to characterise the factors that control adhesion within the system. Mechanical testing indicates that adhesion was improved by several orders of magnitude.     

Adhesion measurement procedures for kinetic and thermal spray coatings using a stud-pull tester

This paper reports on the use of an epoxy-coated stud-pull device to perform adhesion measurements on kinetic and thermal spray coatings for metal/metal and metal/ceramic systems. Four different methods were used for testing. The first method used the stud-pull device without a retaining cylinder pushing against the coating. The second method used a retaining cylinder. In the third method the coating was machined by electric discharge machining (EDM) to form a disc-like structure with a diameter identical to that of the epoxy-coated stud. The fourth method replaced the EDM machining by controlled rotary-disc cutting using SiC slurry to machine a disc-like structure in the coating. The first two methods gave a relatively consistent measurement of adhesion, provided the coating thickness is less than 2.5% of the stud diameter. For thicker coatings, both the third and fourth methods are recommended.     

干燥设备及系统设计的专家系统

干燥设备及系统设计是干燥过程中的重要环节,由于传统的设计方法耗费了设计人员的大量精力,为此,本文开发了干燥设备及系统设计的专家系统。     

Corrosion performance of waterborne coatings for structural steel

Among recently developed waterborne coatings, epoxy and acrylic based coatings have a special place. To study this kind of anticorrosive coatings, use is normally made of natural exposure and laboratory tests. The literature has recently reported that the salt spray test is not suitable for selecting/studying anticorrosive waterborne coatings. In this paper, the authors present the main results obtained in an experimental study involving laboratory tests and natural exposure in two atmospheric test sites of different corrosivity categories. The natural exposure and accelerated tests are complemented by other measurements in the laboratory, involving water uptake, adhesion and electrochemical measurements, to understand the anticorrosive performance of the paint systems under study. As accelerated tests, salt spray and prohesion were used. Indirect measurements of adhesion were made using cross-cut and pull-off tests. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and noise (EN) were used for electrochemical characterization. The study concludes that the best anticorrosive behaviour was shown by epoxy-polyamide paint systems, including zinc-rich primers. The correlation between the results of salt spray and natural exposure in marine test sites was significantly better than that obtained using the prohesion test. The electrochemical results showed that it is very important to pay special attention when interpreting this kind of results.     

短切纤维毡生产技术的初步研究

介绍了玻璃纤维短切纤维毡的生产设备及工艺技术。叙述了短切毡生产流程中的成形段,粘结剂段,烘干段,卷取段以及生产线速度的调节所涉及到的主要工艺技术参数和主要设备及其工作原理。实践证明,短切毡机组设计科学合理,考虑问题细节周到,运行十分稳定可靠,生产的短切毡制品性能优异,完全能够满足国内外客商的高标准要求。     

Measuring the coating adhesion strength of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

The coating adhesion strength of lithium-ion battery electrodes is a very important mechanical property, affecting the electrochemical life time of battery cells and the electrochemical handling during cell manufacturing. Hence the establishment of a standardized pull-off test with high reproducibility was long time overdue. The measurement setup is realized in a material testing machine. Machine and process parameters have been investigated to propose a reliable measurement procedure with a clearly specified parameter setup. Data acquisition rate (f), contact stress (σ_c), dwell time (t_d) and pull-off velocity (v_po) were identified to affect the adhesion strength measurement significantly. Finally electrodes with material and process parameter variations were manufactured to assess the applicability of the presented method. The impact of the amount of binder and its molecular weight as well as the influence of the dry mixing and the dispersing process on adhesion strength was verified and the differences can be clearly distinguished by the developed test method.