基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的正交频分复用水声通信多普勒估计与补偿方法

针对正交频分复用水声通信对多普勒频移敏感的问题,提出了一种基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的正交频分复用水声通信多普勒估计与补偿算法.将第2类非均匀快速傅里叶变换引入正交频分复用水声通信中,利用非均匀快速傅里叶变换对接收信号进行多普勒因子网格补偿,通过稀疏贝叶斯学习获得水声信道估计,以水声信道的稀疏能量最小作为多普勒因子判断准...     

Tribological modeling: Application of fast Fourier transform

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is becoming an important tool in tribological modeling because an FFT-based algorithm can be extremely accurate and efficient. However, certain subtle issues should be properly dealt with so that efficient and accurate FFT implementation can be achieved. This paper discusses the use of three typical convolutions, two convolution theorems, influence coefficients, and shape functions, as well as the influence of domain size. This paper also explores the applications of FFT to inverse problems and periodic contacts and summarizes available FFT-based algorithms for solving various contact problems.     

Precise measurement of the resolution in light microscopy using Fourier transform

The resolution power of light microscope has been accurately measured (+/-5%) by Fourier transform of various object images and further evaluation of the highest spatial frequency in Fourier spectrum. Any unknown shape plane object with a shape feature's size smaller than the resolution to be measured was shown to provide a reliable resolution test. This simple method gives a direct measurement of the resolution power as defined by Abbe [Archiv. F. Mikroskopische Anat. 9, 413 (1873)]. The results have been justified by comparison to a standard resolution measurement by using calibrated periodic line patterns. Notably, the approach is applicable in super-resolution light microscopy (transmission, reflection, and fluorescence), where calibrated resolution targets do not occur. It was conveniently implemented by using a compact disk as a test object and free IMAGEJ imaging software.     

Note: Phase sensitive detection of photoluminescence with Fourier transform spectroscopy

Although known for more than twenty years, there is limited information in the literature regarding the experimental parameters of lock-in based phase sensitive emission detection in conjunction with Fourier spectrometers. For this technique - also known as double modulation spectroscopy - we present a guideline for parameter optimization by measuring the photoluminescence of InSb:Te at cryogenic temperatures.     

Note: Development of a high resolution six-degrees-of-freedom optical vibrometer for precision stage

A high resolution six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) optical vibrometer is proposed. 6-DOF vibrations can be simultaneously measured using the proposed optical vibrometer, which reduces measurement time and number. The performance of the proposed vibrometer is verified by experiments. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed optical vibrometer is ±30 nm∕200 nm and ±0.04 arcsec∕0.1 arcsec at 1000 Hz.     

基于短时傅里叶变换检测非平稳信号的频域内插优化抗混叠算法

非平稳信号的分析越来越受到人们的重视.短时傅里叶变换(STFT)是一种线性变换,避免了其他高次型非平稳信号分析方法中出现的交叉项的干扰,是分析非平稳信号的有力工具.短时傅里叶变换的基本思想是利用一个固定大小的滑动的窗口函数对信号进行分析,并假定信号在窗口内是平稳的,因此加窗变换所同有的混叠现象在短时傅里叶变换中依然存在.本文基于频域插值的思想,提出了基于频域内插抗混叠短时傅里叶变换的算法,首先分析了混叠产生的物理本质,然后以汉明窗为基础构造了频域内插的方法,并利用牛顿插值法得出插值的迭代求解方法,最后给出内插优化算法步骤.仿真实例验证了算法的可行性.     

Detection of chipping in ceramic cutting inserts from workpiece profile during turning using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT)

Ceramic cutting tool inserts are prone to premature failure by chipping instead of gradual wear due to their low impact toughness. Thus, in-process detection of failure of ceramic tools is important to prevent workpiece surface deterioration. The objective of this study is to develop a method of detection of the onset of chipping in ceramic cutting tool inserts during dry finish turning from the workpiece profile signature. The profile of the workpiece surface opposite the cutting side was captured using an 18-MP DSLR camera at a shutter speed of 0.25 ms during the turning of AISI01 oil-hardening tool steel. The edge profile was extracted to sub-pixel accuracy from the 2-D image of the workpiece surface using the invariant moment method. The effect of chipping in the ceramic insert on the surface profile signature of the workpiece was investigated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The results show that the stochastic behavior of the cutting process after tool chipping manifest as sharp increase in the amplitude of spatial frequencies below the fundamental feed frequency. The proposed sub-window FFT method is effective in resolving the time resolution by detecting tool chipping at cutting time duration of around 17.13 s. Compared to the sub-window FFT method the CWT method is able to detect the exact onset of chipping in the cutting tool insert.     

Simultaneous distributed measurement of the strain and temperature for a four-point bending test using polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating interrogated by optical frequency domain reflectometry

We demonstrate a simultaneous distributed strain and temperature measurement technique with the spatial resolution of 1 mm using fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in a polarization-maintaining and absorption-reducing fiber (PANDA-FBGs) and optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). We conduct four-point bending tests in an environmental chamber. Using high birefringent PANDA-FBGs that are manufactured specifically for the simultaneous measurements, the uniform temperature distributions and the typical strain distribution profiles of the four-point bending tests were successfully obtained. The measurement errors of strain were from −31 με to 19 με, and of temperature were from −0.9 °C to 1.3 °C. The spatial standard deviation was 7.5 με and 0.9 °C. We also discussed the effect of the residual strain of the sensor-bonding procedures and the data averaging.     

Image acquisition with immersion objective lenses using electrons emitted with several tenths of an electron volt energies: towards high spatial resolution ESCA analysis

This study aims to evaluate the spatial resolution achievable with photoelectrons in order to perform localised UPS or XPS analyses on various heterogeneous samples. This investigation is intentionally restricted to direct image acquisition by immersion objective lenses, involving electrons ejected with initial energies of several tenths of an electron-volt. In order to characterise the contribution of all optical elements, analytical investigations were associated to numerical simulations based on SIMION 7 software. The acquisition of high-quality images implies a simultaneous reduction in spherical and chromatic aberrations by a narrow aperture stop placed at the output pupil of the objective. With such limitations in useful emission angles, it is shown that monochromatic electron beams build images with a resolution of about 1 nm, especially for the acceleration bias mode where the focussing electrode is biased at a positive high voltage. Even energy dispersed electron beams, limited by a 4 eV band pass spectrometer, can produce images convenient for highly localised ESCA analyses (resolution 3 nm), where the objective lens is associated with an aperture stop of 30 microm in diameter without using acceleration voltages above 5000 V.