共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 24 毫秒
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J Revuz 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,122(9):572-573
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T Freller 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,81(1):62-83
In the 16th, 17th and 18th century "Glossopetrae", popularly known as "Lingue di Serpi", found on the Mediterranean island of Malta, were extensively used for medical purposes as antidotes. These fossil teeth, including specimens of the "Carcharodon Megalodon" (an extinct variant of the great white shark), were ground to powder or used as amulet pendants and "credence" and exported to pharmacies and shops in various cities of Europe. In antiquity, authors like Plinius or Solinus, excluding any religious connotations, had regarded "Glossopetrae" as objects "fallen from heaven on dark moonless nights". However, from the beginning of the 16th century the miraculous antidotic power of the specimens found at Malta was very strongly connected with the Pauline cult there. This cult owed ist origin to the excerpt of the shipwreck of the Apostle of the Gentiles on this island, as recorded in the New Testament. As in so many cases found in medieval and early modern medicine and pharmacy, the renown, collection, distribution and use of the antidote "Glossopetrae" or "Lingue di Serpi" was never limited to its real chemical and pharmaceutical properties. In the period of enlightenment and secular thinking mythic medicine as "Glossopetrae" had lost ist "magical" power. Consequently, with beginning of the late 18th century also the Maltese "Glossopetrae" featured in literature merely as exotic objects of curiosity or symbols of an age bound to medical superstition. 相似文献
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The association is considered between P. K. Anokhin's ideas and the concept of universal evolutionalism. The interrelation is also analyzed of P. K. Anokhin's concept with the theory of self-organizing systems. The present views on the self-organization principle are analyzed. The prerequisites of development are considered and the content is presented of the main principles of synergetics. A thesis is advanced about the incorrect application of the knowledge concerning self-organization of physicochemical systems to biological and social systems. A conclusion is substantiated that P. K. Anokhin's theory of functional systems is of important significance for development of a new trend in synergetics, i.e., neurosynergetics. 相似文献
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The article considers 3 different points of view on systemic mathematical analysis of human fatigue process. In this case, the same physiologic information is processed according to various algorithms for integral and digital estimates of lowered performance and energy expenditure, as well as indirect characteristics of inhibition and excitation processes in the brain cortex. The mathematical results are applied in computer forecasting of individual occupational risk at the specific workplace. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: This study investigated the assignment of preference values to health states which may follow head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Preference values for these health states were provided by HNC patients, HNC health-care providers, and a group of college students representing individuals with little knowledge of HNC. METHODS: A time trade-off technique was used by participants to assign preference values to four health states in the domains of appearance, eating, speech, breathing, pain, and work/social functioning. RESULTS: Patients' and health-care professionals' rank-ordered preference value scores for health states in appearance, breathing, eating, and speech were not significantly different (p < .05). These two groups differed significantly in ranking four of the eight pain and work/social functioning health states. Patients and students differed significantly in ranking 21 of the 24 health states (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Health-care professionals and patients had very similar perspectives regarding health states in the HNC-specific domains, indicating that these professionals appear to be a legitimate proxy for patients' attitudes in these domains. Healthcare professionals placed a significantly greater value on avoiding both pain and social confinement than did patients. Students, representing individuals naive regarding HNC, differed from patients and health-care professionals in their rankings of these health-state outcomes. 相似文献
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Our purpose was to examine the role of radiotherapy in the management of phyllodes tumor of the breast. Eight patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy for nonmetastatic phyllodes tumor of the breast at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between December 1988-August 1993. Tumors were classified as benign (n=2), borderline (indeterminate; n=1), or malignant (n=5). Median follow-up was 36.5 months. Primary surgery consisted of either lumpectomy in 2 patients or mastectomy in 6 patients. Seven patients received adjuvant radiation therapy to the breast or chest wall to a dose of 60 Gy. One patient received 50 Gy to the breast, followed by an interstitial boost of 20 Gy for a total of 70 Gy. Radiotherapy was administered for a combination of reasons, including bulky tumor volume, positive margins, recurrence, and/or malignant histology. There were no local or distant failures. This retrospective review suggests that adjuvant radiotherapy may be underutilized in the treatment of phyllodes tumor of the breast, particularly in patients with adverse features. Although treatment to the breast or chest wall (not the lymphatics) to a dose of 60 Gy appears effective, a dose-response has not been established, and lower doses (50-60 Gy) may be equally effective. 相似文献
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The objectives are a) to present Antonovsky's concept Sense of Coherence (SOC) and his 13-item SOC-scale, b) to describe the distribution of SOC in a random sample of five age groups in the Danish population, and c) to study the association of SOC to sex, age, social class, and health. The Danish Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study (DLHBS) collected self-administered questionnaire data from a random sample of the population born in 1975, 1965, 1940, 1930, and 1920. The baseline study took place in 1990, response rate 71%, n = 2,858. The article reports data from the first follow-up in 1994, response rate 86% of the survivors, n = 2,352. SOC shows no gender differences; it is significantly lower in the youngest age group and increases with age. SOC is highest in the highest social classes. Poor SOC is associated with poor self-rated health and high prevalence of symptoms. Poor SOC is associated with high prevalence of long-term illness among respondents older than 50 years of age. 相似文献
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N Kanemoto H Hishigaki A Miyakita K Oga S Okuno A Tsuji T Takagi E Takahashi Y Nakamura TK Watanabe 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,9(6):419-425
Granulation tissue formation was studied in viscose cellulose sponges with different cellulose contents and sizes after subcutaneous implantation in rats. Samples were removed and studied histologically and histomorphometrically 1-16 weeks after implantation. The implants with lower cellulose content and smaller size were invaded by more cells and filled with connective tissue more rapidly than those with the higher content and larger size. In larger sponge implants the beneficial effect of the lower cellulose content was more conspicuous. 相似文献
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Two commercially available screening methods, an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (VIDAS E. coli O157) and an immunomagnetic separation followed by culture onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar (CT-SMAC), were compared for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in naturally and artificially contaminated food samples. A total of 250 naturally contaminated food samples, including raw milk cheeses, poultry, raw sausages and ground beef retail samples, were examined. Four poultry, one raw sausage and one ground beef sample were found to be positive for E. coli O157 by both methods. Of the six positive samples, five were shown to contain sorbitol-positive, O157-positive, H7-negative, motile and non-verotoxin-producing E. coli. 相似文献
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Compared 19 newly admitted psychiatric inpatients who showed overinclusive thinking on the Payne Object Classification Test with 24 patients matched for age, IQ, and abstraction ability who were not overinclusive. In a concept-attainment experiment, contrary to prediction, overinclusive Ss did not learn overinclusive concepts. There were no significant differences between the groups. However, overinclusive Ss, as predicted, showed an abnormal lack of "Einstellung" rigidity as measured by a flexibility score from the Brengelmann Picture Recognition Test. The overinclusion score of the object classification test correlated highly (.90) with this flexibility score. (French summary) (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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The determination of strain values by means of microhardness measurements is a useful technique in that it can be used to
measure plastic strains either on the surface or within the body of a specimen or structural component. A method is described
whereby a calibration curve between strain and microhardness can be obtained by use of the visioplasticity technique. The
curve thus obtained is valid for complex stress and strain states and for high strains. The microhardness was found to be
a single valued function of the true effective strain independent of how this strain was produced. Agreement was found between
the microhardness and values calculated from the flow stress. 相似文献
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中国共产党已经走过了 80年的辉煌历程 ,江泽民总书记提出的“三个代表”重要思想 ,是对中国共产党 80年历史经验的高度概括和升华。江泽民指出 :“始终代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求 ,中国先进文化的前进方向 ,中国最广大人民的根本利益 ,是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源”。“三个代表”重要思想 ,为高校党的基层组织建设提出了新的要求 ,也为党员的先进性教育提出了时代标准。当前 ,高校基层党组织、共产党员要把学习和实践“三个代表”重要思想作为政治任务 ,认真落实 ,身体力行。只有按照“三个代表”重要思想的要求全面加… 相似文献
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Connectionistic notions of hemispheric specialization and use are considered incompatible with the network organization of the human brain, and alternative concepts are suggested. The functionally specialized areas of the cerebrum are diffusely interconnected; differences in degree of connection define a "functional cerebral space" within which similar activities are represented in adjacent loci but dissimilar activities in loci that are further apart. This explains why one can easily do dissimilar things at the same time but similar things only one after another. Bilaterally represented processes relate the organism to the periphery. Lateralized processes are deployed in focal attention, the specifics being extracted by the left hemisphere and related to each other in space by the right hemisphere. These contributions to mental life are complementary modes of processing. They can be dissociated only when mentally represented. Item and relational aspects of a problem can be separately abstracted, elaborated, and communicated; there has been relatively independent growth of understanding in these 2 domains. (61 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Examined the relationship of 20 male counselor trainees' empathic ability (the Barret-Lennard Relationship Inventory) to measures of countertransference behavior and countertransference feelings toward 20 undergraduate female clients. It was expected that empathic ability would be negatively related to the manifestation of countertransference behavior, operationalized as the withdrawal of personal involvement, but positively related to self-reports of openness to countertransference feelings. Empathy was found to be negatively related to countertransference behavior with seductive female clients but not with hostile or neutral clients. Counselor empathic ability was positively related to counselor reports of openness to countertransference feelings. Findings suggest, however, that there was a limit to how often countertransference feelings could be experienced in a given counseling session without spilling over into countertransference behavior. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献