两种英汉机器翻译技术研究

英汉机器翻译技术能够完成英文与汉文的实时翻译,国内外对英汉机器翻译技术做了大量研究和实验。首先简要介绍了英汉机器翻译的研究状况,对已存在的2种英汉机器翻译技术进行研究分析,为英汉机器翻译技术的进一步发展提供了一定的理论依据。     

基于弱化语法规则的机器翻译方法研究

在机器翻译的方法中，基于规则的翻译方法和基于实例的翻译方法都有各自的优缺点。结合两者的优点，提出了一种基于弱化语法规则的机器翻译方法，该方法在大量分析句子语法特征的基础上以及利用语言专家的知识构建语法规则库，在利用语法识别出句子后，把句子的各个组成部分标记出来，然后利用语义块进行匹配推理翻译出句子的各个组成部分。最后根据句法把句子的各个译出的组成部分装配起来形成译文。实验表明，该方法达到了较好的翻译效果，并且具有较大的发展潜力。     

机器翻译技术现状与展望

本文对机器翻译技术的研究现状进行了全面介绍,分析了亟待解决的核心问题,并对机器翻译的未来发展前景和趋势提出了自己的设想。     

基于实例的机器翻译处理方法

在机器翻译的研究中，基于实例是一种很好的方法。文章讨论了完全实例的机器翻译、实例句型转换的机器翻译以及实例近似机器翻译。     

一种基于实例的汉英机器翻译策略

介绍了一种基于实例的汉英机器翻译策略,重点讨论了汉英双语语料库的设计和基于该语料库的汉语句子的匹配算法。在进行汉语句子的匹配时,根据汉语的特点直接采用汉字的匹配,而没有进行汉语句子的分词。另外,匹配时确定匹配片断的边界也是基于实例机器翻译的难点之一,在这方面也采取了相应的解决方法。没有对翻译句子的连接装配进行更深入的研究,这是因为该翻译策略是用于多翻译引擎系统的,它要与其它翻译策略配合使用,以提高翻译结果的正确率。基于实例的机器翻译需要大量的双语语料库作为翻译时的依据,而人工建设大型语料库费时费力,所以尝试采用计算机进行汉英双语语料库的自动建立,包括篇章对齐和单词级的对齐。     

利用统计搭配模型改进基于实例的机器翻译

基于实例的机器翻译(example-based machine translation,简称EBMT)使用预处理过的双语例句作为主要翻译资源,通过编辑与待翻译句子匹配的翻译实例来生成译文.在EBMT系统中,翻译实例选择及译文选择对系统性能影响较大.提出利用统计搭配模型来增强EBMT系统中翻译实例选择及译文选择的能力,提高译文质量.首先,使用单语统计词对齐从单语语料中训练统计搭配模型.然后,利用该模型从3个方面提高EBMT的性能:(1)利用统计搭配模型估计待翻译句子与翻译实例之间的匹配度,从而增强系统的翻译实例选择能力;(2)通过引入候选译文与上下文之间搭配强度的估计来提高译文选择能力;(3)使用统计搭配模型检测翻译实例中被替换词的搭配词,同时根据新的替换词及上下文对搭配词进行矫正,进一步提高EBMT系统的译文质量.为了验证所提出的方法,在基于词的EBMT系统上评价了英汉翻译的译文质量.与基线系统相比,所提出的方法使译文的BLEU得分提高了4.73～6.48个百分点.在半结构化的EBMT系统上进一步检验了基于统计搭配模型的译文选择方法,从实验结果来看,该方法使译文的BLEU得分提高了1.82个百分点.同时,人工评价结果显示,改进后的半结构化EBMT系统的译文能够表达原文的大部分信息,并且具有较高的流利度.     

基于实例的机器翻译方法及其优化策略探讨

机器翻译是应用计算机实现从一种自然语言文本到另一种自然语言文本的翻译,是自然语言处理研究领域的一个分支。本文就现行机器翻译面临的问题,讨论基于实例的机器翻译方法及其优化策略。     

机器翻译探讨与研究

从多个角度论述了机器翻译常用的方法,并通过一些实例的分析对现有机器翻译系统进行了分析研究;最后得出结论并对机器翻译的未来进行展望。     

一种基于语料库的词义消歧策略

词义消歧一直是一个难点,同时,也是很多领域都需解决的一个环节。该文首先介绍了目前基于语料库进行词义消歧方法的研究进展和各自的特点,在此基础上探讨了一种基于实例和基于统计的方法(即基于语料库的两种主流方法)相结合的混合策略,并对其可能性和优越性进行了讨论。     

基于统计的机器翻译在嵌入式系统上的实现

由于技术上的限制,基于统计的机器翻译系统没有在嵌入式平台上得到广泛应用。通过分析机器翻译解码的原理,结合相关实验,找到基于统计的机器翻译系统在嵌入式平台上实现的瓶颈,提出优化方法,使得基于短语统计的机器翻译能在嵌入式平台上有着满意的效果。     

Past, Present, and Future

Thomas L. Friedman. the World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. N ew York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, 488 pp.

Nicholas G. Carr. Does IT Matter? Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2004, 193 pp.

John Hagel III and John Seely Brown. the Only Sustainable Edge: Why Business Strategy Depends on Productive Friction and Dynamic Specialization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2005, 218 pp.

John Markoff. What the Dormouse Said. New York: Viking, 2005, 301 pp.     

High-Level Synthesis: Past, Present, and Future

Editor's note:This article presents the history and evolution of HLS from research to industry adoption. The authors offer insights on why earlier attempts to gain industry adoption were not successful, why current HLS tools are finally seeing adoption, and what to expect as HLS evolves toward system-level design.—Andres Takach, Mentor Graphics     

Expert Systems: Past, Present, and Future

Expert systems recently have become the object of much attention. Many IS researchers, practitioners, and corporate managers are actively involved in the study and application of these systems. This article places this development in perspective, recognizing that business expert systems have been in existence for more than two decades. It reviews the history of expert systems, discusses their current status, and makes predictions about their future. In addition, the article explores assimilation issues, considers hardware and software, reviews the nature of the applications, and highlights application developers.     

Enterprise Resource Planning: Past,Present, and Future

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview of the history and development of ERPs and outline recent developments with the advent of digital innovations like cloud computing. The research approach in this article was to review literature from both academic journals and industry reports. The article found that ERPs have changed dramatically from precursor systems like integrated control (IC) packages and material resource planning (MRP) systems. They continue to change with the advent of cloud computing, as well as digital innovations like artificial intelligence. While several articles have addressed the evolution of ERPs, this article’s unique contribution is that it covers the most recent developments, including discussions on cloud ERPs and postmodern ERPs.     

The System Usability Scale: Past,Present, and Future

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is the most widely used standardized questionnaire for the assessment of perceived usability. This review of the SUS covers its early history from inception in the 1980s through recent research and its future prospects. From relatively inauspicious beginnings, when its originator described it as a “quick and dirty usability scale,” it has proven to be quick but not “dirty.” It is likely that the SUS will continue to be a popular measurement of perceived usability for the foreseeable future. When researchers and practitioners need a measure of perceived usability, they should strongly consider using the SUS.     

Autonomy for Mars Rovers: Past, Present, and Future

The vehicles used to explore the Martian surface require a high degree of autonomy to navigate challenging and unknown terrain, investigate targets, and detect scientific events. Increased autonomy will be critical to the success of future missions.     

移动Internet的过去、现在和未来

这是本刊特为海内外正在就读和学成立业的博士、博士后青年学者们开辟的一片科普园地 .深学浅著是一门德识、慧学、素质修养的学问 .你们的新知识、新调研、新观察、新目光、新展望 ,能够用尽可能深入浅出、通俗流畅的语言 ,汇报给祖国人民、家乡父老子弟乡亲们吗 ?中华博士园地 ,乃耕耘忠孝之地 ,科教兴国、民族昌盛之地 .要用慈母听得懂的语言 ,写出你们的心声     

Advances in Social Media Research: Past,Present and Future

Social media comprises communication websites that facilitate relationship forming between users from diverse backgrounds, resulting in a rich social structure. User generated content encourages inquiry and decision-making. Given the relevance of social media to various stakeholders, it has received significant attention from researchers of various fields, including information systems. There exists no comprehensive review that integrates and synthesises the findings of literature on social media. This study discusses the findings of 132 papers (in selected IS journals) on social media and social networking published between 1997 and 2017. Most papers reviewed here examine the behavioural side of social media, investigate the aspect of reviews and recommendations, and study its integration for organizational purposes. Furthermore, many studies have investigated the viability of online communities/social media as a marketing medium, while others have explored various aspects of social media, including the risks associated with its use, the value that it creates, and the negative stigma attached to it within workplaces. The use of social media for information sharing during critical events as well as for seeking and/or rendering help has also been investigated in prior research. Other contexts include political and public administration, and the comparison between traditional and social media. Overall, our study identifies multiple emergent themes in the existing corpus, thereby furthering our understanding of advances in social media research. The integrated view of the extant literature that our study presents can help avoid duplication by future researchers, whilst offering fruitful lines of enquiry to help shape research for this emerging field.     

The Past, Present, and Future for Software Architecture

It's been 10 years since David Garlan and Mary Shaw wrote their seminal book Software Architecture Perspective on an Emerging Discipline, since Maarten Boasson edited a special issue of IEEE Software on software architecture, and since the first International Software Architecture Workshop took place. What has happened over these 10 years? What have we learned? Where do we look for information? What's the community around this discipline? And where are we going from here?This article is part of a focus section on software architecture.