纳米修复剂钝化重金属机理研究进展

重金属污染问题是当前环境治理过程中的重点和难点,纳米材料因其比表面积大、表面易功能化、环境友好等性能,被广泛应用于重金属污染的土壤和水体的修复。本文综述了纳米零价金属、纳米非金属单质、纳米金属氧化物、纳米非金属氧化物、纳米金属硫化物、纳米金属氧酸盐,纳米高分子材料等纳米材料对重金属的修复效果和机理,展望了纳米材料在重金属修复方面的应用前景及改进方向,对开发新型重金属修复材料具有重要指导意义。     

磁性纳米颗粒在生物医学领域中的应用

磁性纳米颗粒作为一种新型纳米材料,在许多领域,特别是在生物医药、生物工程等方面具有广阔的应用前景.本文着重论述了近年来磁性纳米颗粒在生物分离、靶向给药、热疗以及磁共振成像对比剂等方面的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

纳米技术在毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳生物大分子分离中的应用*

在分离领域,纳米技术主要以两种形式改善分离效果,一种是利用金、二氧化硅、聚合物、金属氧化物和碳纳米管等纳米材料,二是通过微机电加工、化学方法或者自组装技术构筑纳米障碍物和纳通道等纳米结构。本文对两种不同形式的纳米技术在毛细管电泳和微流控芯片电泳生物分离中的应用进行了综述。并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

金属氧化物纳米材料的电化学合成与形貌调控研究进展

金属氧化物纳米材料因其丰富的形貌、独特的性能、广泛的应用成为材料合成领域研究的热点.调控金属氧化物纳米材料的形貌对于调变其性能、拓展其应用空间具有重要意义.电化学方法由于操作简单易控、方法灵活多变,因此成为调控金属氧化物形貌的常用方法.本文综述了近年来我们在金属氧化物纳米材料的电化学合成与形貌调控方面已取得的研究结果;总结了不同金属氧化物在电化学过程中晶体生长机制和形貌调控的规律,为实现功能材料的定向合成奠定了基础.     

离子液体在制备金属氧化物纳米材料中的应用

总结了近年来在离子液体中制备金属氧化物纳米材料的新方法以及离子液体在金属氧化物纳米材料制备方面的应用及发展趋势.目前,对于制备纳米金属氧化物,离子液体主要是作为电解液、表面活性剂;其未来的发展趋势是离子热合成和集模板-溶剂-反应物于一身的离子液体反应.     

基于纳米材料的表面辅助激光解吸离子化质谱研究

基质辅助激光解吸离子化质谱(MALDI-MS)作为一种常规的分析表征方法主要用于生物大分子的分析,如蛋白质、多肽、多糖及核酸等.然而,MALDI-MS中使用的有机小分子基质在低分子量区会产生背景干扰,很难分析小分子量化合物(m/z < 700).最近,基于纳米材料的免有机基质的激光解吸离子化质谱(又称为表面辅助激光解吸离子化质谱,SALDI-MS)有效解决了上述问题.SALDI-MS分析中使用的起到能量转移作用的纳米材料在低分子量区间不会产生背景干扰峰,可以将分析对象由大分子扩展到小分子.另外,SALDI-MS还具有许多其他优点,如样品制备简单、信噪比高、耐盐性好、基底表面信号重复性好及可实现样品的定量分析等,显示了较好的应用前景.本文综述了研究较多的四大类纳米材料在SALDI-MS分析、检测及成像方面的应用,包括碳纳米材料(富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯及氧化石墨烯)、硅纳米材料(多孔硅、硅纳米纤维、硅纳米粒子)、其他材料纳米粒子(包括金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物纳米粒子、无机盐纳米粒子及量子点等)及纳米杂化多孔材料,详细介绍了最近的一些研究进展;并讨论了纳米材料在SALDI-MS应用中的能量转移机理.最后,讨论了该领域未来的研究内容和方向以及亟待研究的重要问题.     

纳米材料在组织工程中的应用*

采用纳米技术对传统的组织工程材料进行改造产生的纳米组织工程材料具有独特的生物学性能,引起了人们的足够重视,其在组织工程领域中的应用研究成为人们关注的热点。纳米相陶瓷、碳纳米管、碳纳米线和纳米金属材料在骨和软骨组织工程,钛纳米材料、聚乳酸-丙交酯纳米材料和纳米纤维材料在动脉组织工程,多肽纳米骨架、纳米纤维支架和碳纳米管/纤维在神经组织工程以及纳米结构的多聚物在膀胱组织工程中的应用已有大量报道,研究结果表明纳米材料在组织工程领域有着潜在的应用前景。本文对纳米材料在骨和软骨组织工程、动脉组织工程、神经组织工程以及膀胱组织工程中的应用研究现状及发展前景进行了综述。     

纳米材料-蛋白质界面相互作用的分子机制

纳米材料由于其优异的性能在化工、电子、机械、环境、能源、航天等各个领域已经得到了广泛的应用,并且在生物医学方面的应用越来越受到重视。纳米材料-蛋白质界面相互作用是纳米生物医学领域重要的科学问题,对于纳米材料的生物医学应用以及生物安全性评价至关重要。蛋白质分子与纳米材料在界面的相互作用,一方面可以诱导蛋白质的构象、组装结构甚至功能的改变,另一方面可以引起纳米材料的表面亲疏水性、电荷性质等表面物理化学性质的改变。基于蛋白质与纳米材料相互作用检测技术及结果,本文从分子水平阐述了纳米材料与蛋白质分子在界面之间的相互作用机理及相应的结构与性质的变化,从而可以深化对两者之间复杂的相互作用机制的理解,对于推进纳米材料在生物医学的应用及健康、安全、持续发展具有重要意义。     

毫纳结构复合材料的制备、协同效应及其深度水处理应用

纳米材料具有较高的比表面积和较强的表面效应,在水处理领域展现出优异的净污性能,具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米颗粒负载于毫米级载体中制备毫纳结构复合材料,可有机结合纳米颗粒的高反应活性与载体的良好操作性,是突破纳米材料易聚团失活、难分离、稳定性差、潜在环境风险等工程应用瓶颈并实现规模化应用的重要技术手段。本文综述了毫纳结构复合材料的制备方法、结构特性及其在吸附和催化氧化除污性能及机制方面的研究进展,并从纳米颗粒的限域生长、限域吸附特性和限域催化氧化特性等方面阐述限域效应及载体-纳米颗粒的协同净污效应。最后,针对目前毫纳结构复合材料方向亟待解决的科学问题和实际应用挑战提出了展望,以期为推动纳米材料的实际应用提供一定的理论指导和技术参考。     

纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析中的应用研究进展

综述了纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析中的应用研究.主要总结了国内外纳米金属材料、纳米金属氧化物材料、碳纳米管与碳纳米管复合物以及其他纳米材料在电化学分析中的应用研究,并指出了纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析应用中存在的问题.     

金属氧化物@金属有机骨架复合材料研究进展

金属有机骨架(Metal-Organic Framework,MOF)复合材料是一种新型功能性材料,其中金属氧化物@MOF复合材料因结合了金属氧化物和MOFs的许多特性而受到人们的广泛关注,成为近年来MOFs材料研究的一个重要方向。本文综述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料制备方法的研究进展,主要包括外延生长法、气相沉积法、模板法等,并分析了它们各自的优缺点;概述了金属氧化物@MOF复合材料在催化、传感、生物医药、吸附与分离方面的具体应用性能,以及在电化学研究领域的潜在应用;并提出今后金属氧化物@MOF复合材料研究的主要方向是开发简单高效的制备方法、选取新功能性金属氧化物以及探索复合材料的其它新型结构,以拓展其在工业上的应用。     

Metal‐Free Boron‐Containing Heterogeneous Catalysts

Metal‐free catalysts have distinct advantages over metal and metal oxide catalysts, such as lower cost as well as higher reliability and sustainability. Among the nonmetal compounds used in catalysis, boron‐containing compounds with a few unique properties have been developed. In this Minireview, the recent advances in the field of boron‐containing metal‐free catalysts are presented, including binary and ternary boron‐containing catalytic materials. Additionally, the three main applications in catalysis are considered, namely, electrocatalysis, thermal catalysis, and photocatalysis, with the role of boron discussed in depth for each specific catalytic application. Boron‐containing compounds could have a substantial impact on the field of metal‐free catalysts in the future.     

Development of phosphopeptide enrichment techniques for phosphoproteome analysis

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most biologically relevant and ubiquitous post-translational modifications. The analysis of protein phosphorylation is very challenging due to its highly dynamic nature and low stoichiometry. In this article, recent techniques developed for phosphoproteome analysis are reviewed with an emphasis on the new developments in this field in China. To improve the performance of phosphoproteome analysis, many novel methods, either by application of new separation mechanisms or by adoption of new separation materials, were developed to specifically enrich phosphopeptides from complex protein digests. A series of new materials, including nanostructure materials, magnetic materials, and monolithic materials, were applied to prepare immobilized affinity chromatography or metal oxide affinity chromatography to improve the performance of phosphopeptide enrichment. Besides, new software tools were also developed to validate phosphopeptide identification and predict kinase specific phosphorylation sites.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of novel mesoporous and mesorelief oxides with gyroidal structures.

In this paper, we bring forward an effective strategy, solvothermal postsynthesis, to prepare ordered mesoporous silica materials with highly branched channels. Structural characterizations indicate that the titled mesoporous materials basically have the cubic double gyroidal (space group Ia-3d) structure with small fraction of distortions. The mesopore sizes and surface areas can be up to 8.8 nm and 540 m2/g, respectively, when microwave digestion is employed to remove the organic templates. A phase transition model is proposed, and possible explanations for the successful phase transition are elucidated. The results show that the flexible inorganic framework, high content of organic matrix, and nonpenetration of poly(ethylene oxide) segments may facilitate the structural evolution. This new synthetic strategy can also be extended to the preparation of other double gyroidal silica-based mesoporous materials, such as metal and nonmetal ions doped silica and organo-functionalized silica materials. The prepared 3D mesoporous silica can be further utilized to fabricate various ordered crystalline gyroidal metal oxide "negatives". The mesorelief "negatives" (Co3O4 and In2O3 are detailed here) prepared by impregnation and thermolysis procedures exhibit undisplaced, displaced, and uncoupled enantiomeric gyroidal subframeworks. It has been found that the amount of metal oxide precursors (hydrated metal nitrates) greatly influence the (sub)framework structure and single crystallinity of the mesorelief metal oxide particles. The single crystalline gyroidal metal oxides are ordered both at mesoscale and atomic scale. However, these orders are not commensurate with each other.     

Two‐Dimensional Microporous Material‐based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation

Since the discovery of graphene and its derivatives, the development and application of two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted enormous attention. 2D microporous materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) and so on, hold great potential to be used in gas separation membranes because of their high aspect ratio and homogeneously distributed nanometer pores, which are beneficial for improving gas permeability and selectivity. This review briefly summarizes the recent design and fabrication of 2D microporous materials, as well as their applications in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. The enhanced separation performances of the membranes and their long‐term stability are also introduced. Challenges and the latest development of newly synthesized 2D microporous materials are finally discussed to foresee the potential opportunities for 2D microporous material‐based MMMs.     

Synthetic routes to seven and higher membered S-heterocycles by use of metal and nonmetal catalyzed reactions

Nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur containing heterocycles have a wide range of biological activities. Metal and nonmetal catalysts are used in organic reactions with high activity. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of heterocycles in the last decades. The metal and nonmetal catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles is becoming an important and highly rewarding protocol in organic synthesis. In this review article, the synthesis of seven and higher-membered S-heterocycles is presented with the application of metal and nonmetal catalysts for the period from 1968 to 2018.     

Recent advances in bismuth vanadate-based photocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) technology is considered to be a promising approach for solar-driven hydrogen production with zero emissions. Bismuth vanadate(BiVO_4) is a kind of photocatalytic material with strong photoactivity in the visible light region and appropriate band gap for PEC water splitting.However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency(STH) of BiVO_4 is far away from the 10% target needed for practical application due to its poor charge separation ability. Therefore, this review attempts to summarize the strategies for improving the photocurrent density and especially hydrogen production of BiVO_4 materials through PEC techniques in the last three years, such as doping nonmetal and metal elements, depositing noble metals, constructing heterojunctions, coupling with carbon and metalorganic framework(MOF) materials to further enhance the PEC performance of BiVO_4 photoanode. This review aims to serve as a general guideline to fabricate highly efficient BiVO_4-based materials for PEC water splitting.     

One‐Nanometer‐Precision Control of Al2O3 Nanoshells through a Solution‐Based Synthesis Route

Forming uniform metal oxide nanocoatings is a well‐known challenge in the construction of core–shell type nanomaterials. Herein, by using buffer solution as a specific reaction medium, we demonstrate the possibility to grow thin nanoshells of metal oxides, typically Al₂O₃, on different kinds of core materials, forming a uniform surface‐coating layer with thicknesses achieving one nanometer precision. The application of this methodology for the surface modification of LiCoO₂ shows that a thin nanoshell of Al₂O₃ can be readily tuned on the surface for an optimized battery performance.     

Precise Size‐Selective Sieving of Nanoparticles Using a Highly Oriented Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Polymer

The development of size‐selective membranes with well‐defined nanopores towards the precise separation of nanometer‐sized substances is a challenging task to achieve. Here a supramolecular membrane is presented that comprises a highly oriented, honeycomb‐like, 2D supramolecular polymer on a polycarbonate filter support. It enables precise size‐selective sieving of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs). Owing to the uniform parallel‐aligned nanocavities within the 2D supramolecular polymers, the composite membrane shows a high size‐selectivity with a sub‐nanometer accuracy in the cutoff size of about 4.0 nm. In principle, the species of size‐separable particles are unlimited, as demonstrated by quantum dots, noble metal, and metal oxide NPs. This supramolecular membrane combined with filtration advances the potential of NPs in terms of their monochromatic emission and size monodispersity, and also enables rapid removal of small magnetic NP adsorbents that are otherwise difficult to capture.     

Efficient degradation of toxic organic pollutants with Ni2O3/TiO(2-x)Bx under visible irradiation

To promote efficient use of solar energy, many studies have focused on the modification of TiO2 to extend its spectral response to visible region. Here we report a combined modification of TiO2 by two components: the nonmetal element boron and the metal oxide Ni2O3. The photocatalyst presents high photocatalytic activity in the visible region, which can efficiently degrade and mineralize toxic organic pollutants such as trichlorophenol (TCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and sodium benzoate. The dechlorination and mineralization results indicate the photocatalytic pathway via visible light excitation. The study demonstrates that the modification of TiO2 both to extend its spectral response to the visible region and to improve its catalytic efficiency can be achieved by doping with boron, a nonmetal, and Ni2O3, a metal oxide.