多重约束下空间桁架结构抗风优化

目前复杂结构的抗风优化研究大多集中于高层建筑,很少针对风敏感的大跨屋盖结构．考虑强度、刚度和几何尺寸等多重约束,基于虚功原理和Lagrange乘子将抗风优化转化为无约束问题,编制数值程序整合有限元计算和优化分析两部分,然后对杆件数为10080的实际双层柱面网壳进行优化设计,讨论了设计变量可行域、初始值和调整步选择等对优化结果的影响．研究表明,采用本文方法可实现对空间桁架结构进行多重约束下的高效抗风优化设计,网壳总重降低约37%,风致响应分布不均使得有必要设定可行域下限,而设计变量初值和调整步选择不影响最后的优化结果．     

基于风速随机变量的植物种子风传播距离概率模型

种子风传播过程是植被地理分布及其对环境变化响应的关键.植物种子风传播距离是种子风传播能力的重要特征.建立种子风传播距离模型对准确预测植被地理分布变化十分关键.首先基于物理学中动力学原理,推导出了种子风传播动力学方程,基于风速对数正态分布和维布尔分布模式,推导出了植物种子风传播距离概率模型,并给出了计算步骤.同时,以6种蒲公英为例,分析了不同植物在不同地点和不同月份种子风传距离的概率密度特征.算例表明,不同植物、不同地点和不同时间种子风传播距离概率密度不同,并且种子风传播距离概率密度在风速为对数正态分布下比维布尔分布下要高,传播距离概率密度较高最大传播距离在维布尔分布下比对数正态分布下要远.未来研究种子风传播距离模型需要考虑近地面层空气动力学参数和风速分布其它模式.     

结构非线性风振的路径积分方法

通过引入相关脉动风速滤波,将结构非线性风振方程转变为Ito随机微分方程的形式;该方程的解过程具有Markov性质．在时域内将状态方程展开,利用其瞬时线性化随机方程的解析解,基于路径积分给出了结构非线性风振响应概率密度的形式解,得到了一种分析结构非线性风振响应的新方法．对桅杆算例的数值分析表明,该方法较线性频域分析方法和非线性时域积分方法具有更好的准确性和有效性．     

考虑决策者心理行为的证券投资组合决策方法研究

在现实的证券投资组合决策中,决策者的心理行为是不可忽视的重要因素。本文针对考虑决策者心理行为的证券投资组合问题,给出了一种基于累积前景理论和心理账户的决策分析方法。首先,依据累积前景理论,将决策者对不同市场状态下的预期收益率作为参考点,计算各备选证券收益率相对于参照点的收益和损失,并计算不同市场状态下针对所有备选证券的综合前景价值;然后,依据决策者的心理账户,即以证券投资组合的收益总体综合前景价值最大为目标、以投资期末总财富阈值以及满足财富约束的概率不小于决策者设定的概率阈值为约束,构建了具有概率约束条件的证券投资组合优化模型,通过将概率约束转化为线性约束并求解优化模型,可得到最优的证券投资组合方案。最后,通过一个算例对本文提出方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。研究结果表明,本文提出的方法能够较好地解决考虑决策者心理行为的证券投资组合问题。     

基于LiToSim平台的金属围护结构软件研发

直立咬合金属围护结构在风荷载作用下易发生风揭破坏,目前缺少能数值模拟金属围护结构的等效节点模型以及有限元分析软件.该文首先根据围护结构的非线性风致响应提出了直立咬合金属围护结构的弹塑性等效弹簧节点模型,并推导出了弹塑性等效弹簧单元的有限元算法;然后将算法嵌入平台LiToSim中,研发出了金属围护结构的定制化软件LiToSpr;最后建模分析了结构响应,并与抗风揭实验对比,验证了定制化软件LiToSpr的适用性.软件LiToSpr能够模拟直立咬合金属围护结构的非线性风致响应,为工程设计提供一定参考.     

基于树型结构的采购组合拍卖获胜概率计算方法研究

在基于树型结构的采购组合拍卖模型的研究基础上,建立了这一类采购组合拍卖的投标获胜概率的数学模型,给出了投标获胜概率的求解方法.通过算例,详细分析了具体计算方法的规律性和可行性.投标获胜概率的计算方法本身具有重要意义,同时能够为投标者提供决策依据和行为参考;也为进一步研究采购组合拍卖的投标期望收益、均衡策略和机制设计奠定了必要的理论基础.     

概率密度演化理论的若干研究进展

介绍了随机动力系统中概率密度演化理论的基本方程与求解方法〖CX4〗．〖CX〗在此基础上,论述了广义概率密度演化方程求解的若干新进展,包括群演化方程及其求解、概率空间剖分的理性准则、点集加密技术与信息拓展方法等.     

代表点数目对概率密度演化方法分析精度的影响

基于物理随机地震动模型和切球选点法生成3组不同容量地震动样本,以此作为外激励输入,采用概率密度演化方法分别对结构进行随机地震反应分析,并对分析结果进行比较,以研究代表点数目对分析精度的影响.数值分析结果表明,基于切球选点法生成的少量代表样本能够对目标总体的一、二阶统计特性进行较为准确地估计;当样本容量较小时,结构随机动力响应在各时刻的概率分布分析结果具有一定的误差.因此,应根据随机动力系统中随机变量的数目、所采用的选点方法以及预期的计算精度合理确定概率密度演化方法中样本的容量.     

随机样本数据的概率表征方法

本文通过算例分析了参数概率表征方法的适用性和有效性．对于非参数概率密度估计,介绍了几种拟合变量概率密度函数的方法,通过算例对比了不同方法的拟合效果．     

板梁组合结构可靠性分析的随机边界元法

本文用随机边界元法分析了随机荷载作用下具有随机边界条件的正交各向异性板、梁组合结构的可靠性.文中首先给出正交各向异性板、梁组合结构的边界积分方程,进而基于随机边界元法建立了随机结构可靠性分析方法和得到用于计算正交各向异性板、梁组合结构可靠性指标的公式.算例表明了本文方法的有效性.     

Efectos torsionales en estructuras sobre suelo blando

In this work the torsional vibrations of structures on soft soil caused by the combined effects of structural asymmetry and base rotation are evaluated. A simplified soil-structure system with five degrees of freedom is analyzed. The foundation is considered to be embedded into a uniform layer resting on an elastic half-space, under the incidence of inclined SH waves. Instead of matching the maximum torsional moments due to the independent effects of structural asymmetry and base rotation, a new approach for computing the design eccentricity is applied. Specifically, torsional eccentricity coefficients compatible with the peak coupled lateral-torsional response are obtained, using an ensemble of narrow-band earthquake motions typical of soft-soil sites in Mexico City. It is shown that these coefficients are not constant along the principal axes, but they depend on the position of the resistant element. Hence, it is necessary to compute them without assuming a linear variation, as is done nowadays. The torsional eccentricity coefficients can significantly differ from the currently codified values, particularly for torsionally flexible structures for which both coefficients may be negative. This implies that the lateral displacement is reduced by the effects of torsion.     

Method of Best Successive Approximations for Nonlinear Operators

We present a new approach to the approximation of nonlinear operators in probability spaces. The approach is based on a combination of the specific iterative procedure and the best approximation problem solution with a quadratic approximant. We show that the combination of these new techniques allow us to build a computationally efficient and flexible method. The algorithm of the method and its application to the optimal filtering of stochastic signals are given.     

多层剪切型均匀偏心结构的弹塑性地震反应规律的研究

对多层剪切型的均匀偏心结构进行弹性地震反应分析,研究了基本平动周期、平扭频率比、偏心率、地震动强度、非偏心向地震动等对结构的弹塑性位移和构件延性反应的影响。研究表明:上述因素对结构的位移和延性反应有较大的影响,非偏心向的地震动对结构反应的影响受偏心向单元进入弹塑性程度的影响。     

跨海特大型桥梁风-浪耦合作用的随机振动分析

考虑风-浪耦合场中风和波浪特征参数的相关性,建立了基于有限元法与边界元法联合分析的特大型桥梁风-浪耦合作用运动方程.其中,作用在大型深水基础上的波浪力采用势流理论和边界元法进行计算,并建立有限单元与边界元单元组的映射关系,将边界单元组上的波浪力映射到结构有限单元上;作用在桥梁上的气动力通过有限元法进行计算,包括由脉动风激发的非定常抖振力和由气弹相互作用产生的自激力.在此基础上,基于随机振动分析的高效算法——虚拟激励法,建立了计算桥梁风-浪耦合作用响应的分析方法.最后,针对某跨海超大跨桥梁方案进行研究,结果表明:与风致响应相比,风-浪耦合作用下桥梁深水基础内力显著增大,其中波浪激发的侧向剪力占主导地位,波浪激发的侧向弯矩在海床附近与风致响应基本相当,但在海床以下更大;斜风-波浪耦合作用下的主梁内力响应和深水基础内力响应比正交风-波浪耦合作用下的结果更大.因此,在跨海桥梁设计中,必须考虑风-浪耦合作用效应.     

风电功率波动特性的概率分布模型研究

为保证电网安全稳定运行,在大规模风电并网运行控制过程中,准确构建风电出力波动特性的概率分布模型具有重要意义.基于数据驱动的方法,采用加权高斯混合概率分布模型来拟合大规模风电基地的波动特性,模型拟合参数可采用基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)的极大似然估计算法来获得,并提出了拟合评价指标来与其它多种概率分布模型进行对比,结果验证了加权高斯混合概率模型的有效性和适用性.     

First exit time probability for multidimensional diffusions: A PDE-based approach

First exit time distributions for multidimensional processes are key quantities in many areas of risk management and option pricing. The aim of this paper is to provide a flexible, fast and accurate algorithm for computing the probability of the first exit time from a bounded domain for multidimensional diffusions. First, we show that the probability distribution of this stopping time is the unique (weak) solution of a parabolic initial and boundary value problem. Then, we describe the algorithm which is based on a combination of the sparse tensor product finite element spaces and an hp-discontinuous Galerkin method. We illustrate our approach with several examples. We also compare the numerical results to classical Monte Carlo methods.     

Elastic blade root connection in wind turbine using flexible elements from composites

The aim of an elastic blade root connection with a hub is to decrease loads in the blade root section during wind gusts. Two designs of connection were considered: for the load reduction on the blade in operating regime and for stopped blade unloading under storm wind. In the first case two versions of joint were discussed: the first one — with hinges and U-shaped composite beams, the second one — formed with straight beams oriented in different directions. Both joints have low torsional stiffness in wind direction and much higher stiffnesses around two other axes. Formulas for angular stiffnesses and the methods of obtaining the nonlinear behavior of the joint are presented. The objective of the flexible spar was to allow the blades to bend back out of the wind to reduce loads when the wind turbine was stationary in storm conditions. Calculations supported the feasibility of such a design. With a low torsional stiffness, spar (which can be rigidly connected to the blade) acts as a pitching beam for turbine control. A compound spar design consisting of pultruded bars clamped through specified distance was proposed. Torsional stiffnesses of different types of spars with equal specified bending rigidity were compared.Published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 388–400, May–June, 1996.     

Structural optimization by wavelet transforms and neural networks

An efficient methodology is presented to achieve optimal design of structures for earthquake loading. In this methodology a combination of wavelet transforms, neural networks and evolutionary algorithms are employed. The stochastic nature of the evolutionary algorithms makes the slow convergence. Specially, when earthquake induced loads are taken into account. To reduce the computational burden, a discrete wavelet transform is used by means of which the number of points in the earthquake record is decreased. Then, by using a surrogate model, the dynamic responses of the structures are predicted. In order to investigate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, two structures are designed for optimal weight. The numerical results demonstrate the computational advantages of the proposed hybrid methodology to optimal dynamic design of structures.     

Simulation of Aerodynamic Performances of Flexible Flapping Wing Airfoils北大核心CSCD

与固定翼相比,在低速、小Reynolds数条件下,扑翼飞行具有显著的气动性能优势,受到越来越多的重视。然而,目前对扑翼翼型的研究以刚性翼型为主,对柔性翼型气动性能认识还不清楚。该文建立了柔性椭圆翼型的流固耦合仿真模型,分析了不同风速、迎角下柔性椭圆翼型的周围流场、变形以及气动性能。仿真结果表明,较刚性翼型,柔性翼型延缓了尾涡脱落时间,有效降低升力扰动振荡频率;柔性翼型显著抑制了尾流流场的扰动,降低升力扰动振荡幅值,合适的弹性模量翼型使得扰动振荡完全消除。研究结果可为软飞行器气动设计提供参考。