孔腺囊性增生病癌变过程中部分因素变化的意义

检测乳腺囊性增生病（ＦＣＤ）经不典型增生到癌变部分因素的变化。结果提示：从因明显ＦＣＤ症状活检至癌变为２￣１０年；从Ⅱ级以上不典型增生到临床癌变需２￣７年；癌变率为３．１％。ＦＣＤ患者存在性激素分泌调控失常，血浆雌激素和催乳素含量增加，导致上皮细胞增生。乳腺一般性增生细胞的ＤＮＡ含量和超微结构与正常乳腺上皮细胞相似；无肿瘤相关抗原及异常基因产物表达。而发生在一般性增生基础上的不典型增生则呈现细胞基     

乳腺上皮不典型增生和乳腺癌激素受体的及其意义

目的：探讨在乳不典型增生癌变过程中激素受体表达的变化及其意义。方法；用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法检测正常乳腺，乳腺囊性增生病不典型增生和乳腺癌细胞雌激素受体（ＥＲ）表达。结果：正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺囊性增生病上皮增生Ｉ级者上皮细胞要色结果相似。不典型增生Ⅱ级ＥＲ表达明显增强，１０例均为阳性。１０例不典型增生Ⅲ级中４例强阳性、３例弱阳性、３例完全为阴性。４例乳腺癌中２６例（６０％），ＥＲ阳性。结论：ＥＲ作为乳     

c-myc癌基因蛋白在乳腺囊性增生病和乳腺癌中的表达

目的：探讨ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因产物在乳腺冰典型增生和乳腺癌中的变化及其意义。方法；用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法检测正常乳腺，乳腺囊性增生病不典型增生和乳腺癌细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因产物表达。结果：正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺毒性增生病上皮增生Ⅰ级者均无ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因蛋白表达。     

p53蛋白在乳腺不典型增生和乳腺癌中的表达

目的：探讨p53基因产物在乳腺不典型增生和乳腺癌中的变化及其意义。方法：用ABC免疫组化法检测正常乳腺、乳腺囊性增生病不典型增生和乳腺癌细胞p53基因产物表达。结果：正常乳腺上皮细胞和乳腺囊性增生病上皮增生I级者均无p53蛋白表达，不典型增生Ⅱ、Ⅲ级和乳腺癌组织中p35蛋白染色阳性率分别为10%、30%和35%。结论：本研究结果提示该基因的异常改变可发生于正常细胞经不典型增生向癌细胞转化期中，是乳腺上皮细胞向恶性转化的标志之一。     

表皮生长因子受体在乳腺不典型增生细胞表达变化与乳腺癌发生的关系

已有的临床、病理和流行病学研究表明，乳腺良性疾病中上皮细胞不典型增生是重要的癌前病变，不典型增生程度加重与乳腺癌发生关系密切。研究乳腺良性疾病癌变过程中的各种变化及其规律，对于预防和早期发现乳腺癌具有重要意义。本文探讨了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦＲ）在乳腺...     

乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞的超微结构研究

目的：观察乳腺导管单纯性增生、非典型增生、乳腺癌细胞超微结构特点,研究乳腺导管非典型增生上皮细胞恶性转化过程中的形态结构特点及变化规律。方法：应用透射电子显微镜观察乳腺增生症20例（其中导管单纯性增生4例,轻度非典型增生5例,中度非典型增生5例,重度非典型增生6例）及乳腺癌10例细胞的超微结构。结果：乳腺导管非典型增生上皮超微结构变化介于单纯性增生及乳腺癌细胞之间,表现为微绒毛紊乱,数量减少。细胞间缝隙连接、镶嵌连接及桥粒数量减少及结构发育不良。细胞器数量增多,但发育不全。细胞核增大不规则,染色较深,增生细胞间可见肌上皮细胞。这些改变与乳腺导管单纯性增生、乳腺癌组织明显不同。但重度非典型增生细胞改变接近癌细胞。结论：乳腺导管非典型增生细胞是从良性向恶性过渡的中间细胞,重度非典型增生细胞超微结构接近乳腺癌细胞,说明这些细胞已具备潜在的恶性趋势。要从整体形态分析,鉴别二者的超微结构变化。     

乳腺导管上皮不典型增生细胞核DNA含量与细胞形态的相关研究

目的 研究乳腺导管上皮不典型增生细胞核ＤＮＡ含量与细胞形态学参数的关系。方法 应用图像分析系统对１７例正常乳腺、３６例乳腺导管上皮不典型增生及４５例浸润性导管癌细胞ＤＮＡ含量及形态参数进行测量。结果 在正常组、不典型增生组及癌组,细胞核ＤＮＡ含量、ＤＮＡ指数、核面积、核周长、核平均直径以及形态因子差异均有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。细胞核ＤＮＡ含量与核面积呈正相关（ｒｓ＝０．５４,Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论     

乳腺癌和乳腺不典型增生中细胞凋亡与Fas抗原的表达

[目的 ]探讨细胞凋亡与Fas抗原在乳腺癌发生中的作用 .[方法 ]应用免疫组织化学和DNA末端标记技术 ,原位观察了 2 9例乳腺癌 ,19例乳腺不典型增生中细胞凋亡与Fas抗原的表达 .[结果 ]乳腺不典型增生中细胞凋亡指数显著高于乳腺癌和正常组织 ;乳腺癌中细胞凋亡指数高于正常组织 .Fas抗原在乳腺癌、乳腺不典型增生中的阳性率分别为 4 1% ,53% .Fas抗原阳性组细胞凋亡指数高于阴性组 .[结论 ]细胞凋亡与Fas抗原表达异常在乳腺癌发生中起重要的作用 ,而且Fas抗原参与并引起细胞凋亡 .     

RG50864对血小板衍生生长因子诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞DNA含量及增？…

为研究酷氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂ＲＧ５０８６４对血小板衍生生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣ）ＤＮＡ含量及增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响,应用原代培养的小牛肺动脉平滑肌细胞,用流式细胞仪分析ＲＧ５０８６４对ＰＤＧＦ诱导的ＰＡＳＭＣＤＮＡ百分含量及增殖细胞核抗原的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,ＲＧ５０８６４处理组可显著地抑制ＰＤＧＦ诱导的ＰＡＳＭＣ增殖细胞核抗原表达的荧光强度及荧光指数（〉     

乳腺腺病和乳腺癌血型Y抗原的表达及其意义

Lewis Y血型抗原(简称Y抗原)是一种胚胎性肿瘤相关抗原。对108例女性乳腺疾病标本检测结果显示:在正常乳腺组织和乳腺腺病Ⅰ级上皮增生者均无Y抗原表达;Ⅱ级上皮增生、Ⅲ级上皮增生,乳脲腺病癌变和乳腺癌中阳性率分别为22.8％、43.8％、60％和78.8％。在不同组织学类型的乳腺癌中Y抗原表达有差异,相同类型的癌组织中其表达亦呈明显不一致性。作为一种较特异的肿瘤标记物,Y抗原在乳腺癌的诊断和对肿瘤生物学行为的研究方面具有一定意义。乳腺腺病部分不典型增生病变中Y抗原表达的变化可能有助于判断其恶变倾向,帮助早期发现癌变病例。     

乳腺癌术后乳房再造围手术期的护理

目的介绍乳腺癌根治术后一期乳房再造的护理体会。方法应用乳房假体对5例Ⅰ-Ⅱb期乳腺癌术后患者行即时乳房再造。结果本组术后随诊4个月-2年,无排斥反应,美容效果好,无局部疼痛及不适。乳头血运良好,无挛缩。结论本手术方法简单,损伤小,不影响术后放疗及化疗.与二期乳房再造相比减少费用。     

乳腺神经内分泌癌的研究进展

乳腺神经内分泌癌（neuroendocrine carcinoma of breast,NEBC）是一种临床上较为罕见的乳腺肿瘤,尚缺乏明确的规范化诊疗指南,该病的组织起源尚不明确,目前主要有三种观点,其中,NEBC可能是乳腺干细胞分化为神经内分泌和上皮细胞的早期结果这一观点更被接受。NEBC临床特征及病理特征稍突出,但影像学表现不具特异性,单凭影像学难以与其他类型乳腺癌鉴别。NEBC诊断方法已经较为明确,确诊依靠病理学检查中神经内分泌标志物的检测。治疗原则为以手术为主、全身治疗为辅的综合治疗,相较于其他类型乳腺癌,NEBC的疗效较差。因此,寻求特异性高的治疗方法成为当今NEBC研究的主流,多个研究着手于对NEBC基因突变的检测,力求研发出针对其高频突变位点的靶向治疗药物。同时,NEBC预后较差,确诊该病后,应积极治疗并坚持随访,及时发现疾病新的变化或进展。     

乳腺钙化的X线诊断

根据钙化的大小、形态、数目、分布结合临床及病理资料分析乳腺钙化的 X线平片 ,有助于良恶性病变的鉴别。在111例乳腺钙化中良性病变显示为 78例 ,恶性病变显示为 33例。其结论是乳腺微粒钙化不可认为是乳腺癌的特异性征象 ,也可较多见于乳腺良性病变。如在成簇的微粒钙化中出现多种形态或不规则钙化 ,则提示有恶性诊断的价值     

上海市真如镇女性乳腺癌健康教育效果评价

 目的 评价乳腺癌健康教育对妇女乳房自检与乳房筛查行为的影响。方法 2008年9月至2009年8月,对上海市普陀区真如、长征两镇4个居委2 302名妇女进行问卷调查,通过整群抽样法将两镇设立为干预组与对照组,并对干预组真如镇1 156名女性进行乳腺癌健康教育,1年后对两镇妇女进行效果评价。结果 在健康教育之后,真如镇女性的乳房疾病知识宣教率由41.4%上升到54.5%,有意识定期到医院乳房体检者由61.5%上升到81.5%,有定期在家乳房自我检查的意识和行为者分别由53.5%和34.3%上升到75.9%和52.8%,而对照组的指标均无明显差异。结论 针对广大妇女预防乳腺癌的健康教育能提高其主动到医院体检及在家自检的意识,同时提高了乳腺疾病知识的普及率。     

乳腺密度对乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺癌的影响

目的 探讨乳腺密度对乳腺X线摄影诊断乳腺癌的影响.方法 选取我科2012年1月～2012年12月资料完整的250例乳腺癌患者,乳腺X线摄影采用美国放射学会（American college of radiology, ACR）提出的乳腺影像报告和数据系统（breast imaging reporting and data system, BI-RADS）2003年第4版,进行规范化的乳腺评估分级,结合临床病检资料进行分析.结果 250例乳腺癌患者中,脂肪型36例,100%符合病理诊断;少量腺体型55例,96.4%符合病理诊断;多量腺体型121例,70.2%符合病理诊断;致密型38例,55.3%符合病理诊断.随着患者乳腺密度的增加,乳腺X线摄影对乳腺癌诊断的准确性在不断下降,两者之间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）. 结论临床触诊后,结合乳腺腺体密度来合理选择钼靶和/或彩超作为初筛手段,更经济实用,符合中国国情,值得临床推广应用.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.