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三种泡沫材料的吸放水性及微观结构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用重量法和扫描电镜研究了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、硅橡胶泡沫、半硬质自结皮聚氨酯泡沫的吸、放湿水性能和微观结构,比较分析和探讨了3种泡沫材料的吸、放水性及其机理,并提出减少泡沫材料中水份的有效途径.研究结果表明3种泡沫材料的吸、放水性不同,即硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料<硅橡胶泡沫<<半硬质自结皮聚氨酯泡沫,其吸、放水机理是由于开孔所致,如果密度越小且泡孔开孔率越高,则吸、放水能力越强.减少泡沫材料中水份的有效途径(1)提高材料密度和闭孔率;(2)在材料表面镀金属膜或保留表皮;(3)进行适当干燥处理,并尽可能降低存放环境湿度. 相似文献
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本文着重叙述聚氨酯块状泡沫、模型泡沫,自结皮泡沫及微孔吸能等泡沫塑料应用在汽车工业中做座垫、头枕、扶手、方向盘、仪表嵌板以及保险杠的实例。并较全面地介绍了各种汽车部件对聚氨酯材料的性能要求,供在汽车行业中从事聚氨酯工作的科技人员参考。 相似文献
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前言聚氨酯开孔表面活性剂(以下称开孔剂)主要用于聚氨酯各类泡沫塑料,如硬质、半硬质和软质泡沫塑料体系中。开孔剂应用于硬质泡沫塑料,可以制备开孔型硬质泡沫塑料,这种硬泡主要用作空调设备中的过滤材料,建筑中的换气板以及隔音材料等。开孔剂应用于半硬质泡沫塑料,可以降低由于发泡成形速度太快所造成的高闭孔率。在这类泡沫体系中,所用的开孔剂有美国联碳公司的Y-4499及Rohm ScHoass公司的Acrgloid 710等。开孔剂用于软质泡沫塑料时,可以促进和改善制品微孔壁的导通,使发泡反应后期产生更多的开孔性微壁,且能大大地减少制品挤压操作,甚至在相同工艺中, 相似文献
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<正> 如何解决硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的耐温性,是当今世界上普遍关注的节能难题。北京某公司科技人员经过三年努力,成功研制出耐高温硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,该材料可在150℃高温下长时间使用。 硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料是世界上公认的最佳节能材料,其保温、保冷性能十分优异。 相似文献
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一、前言 聚氨酯软泡系列产品主要包括块状海绵、高回弹泡沫(职)、自结皮泡沫、慢回弹泡沫、微孔泡沫以及半硬质吸能泡沫等。这类泡沫仍占聚氨酯产品总量的50%左右。应用面日渐扩大的一个大品种,它已涉及到国民经济的各个领域:家电、汽车、家装、家具、火车、轮船、航天等诸多领域。 相似文献
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通过对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料绝热性能和无氟发泡体系特点及对聚氨酯硬泡对物料流动性和密度分布要求的分析,开发卅了低导热系数泡沫稳定剂AK8830、AK8882。分析了它们的实验室和工业生产性能,并与进口泡沫稳定剂进行了比较。结果表明,这2种稳定剂具有优异的流动性和密度分布及成核能力,其制得的泡沫制品泡孔细密且密度分布均匀,具有较低导热系数。AK8830和AK8882的综合使用性能达到了国外产品的先进水平,可以满足低导热系数低密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的生产。 相似文献
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本文介绍了生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(以下简称硬泡)所需原料的基本性能,分析了硬泡加工过程中常见缺陷及补救措施并对它存放和使用过程中的稳定性作了定性分析. 相似文献
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Effect of auxiliary blowing agents on properties of rigid polyurethane foams based on liquefied products from peanut shell 下载免费PDF全文
The bio‐based rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were successfully prepared based on liquefied products from peanut shell with water as the blowing agent. The influence of reaction parameters on properties of rigid PU foams was investigated. Rigid PU foams showed excellent compressive strength and low shrinkage ratio, whereas their open‐cell ratio and water absorption were higher. Therefore, rigid PU foams were synthesized with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents and their inner temperature, shrinkage performance, density, compressive strength, water absorption, and open‐cell ratio were determined. The results indicated that above rigid PU foams showed lower compressive strength than the original foam but their water absorption and close‐cell ratio were improved. Compared with the original foam, the highest inner temperature of rigid PU foams with petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and acetone as auxiliary blowing agents was reduced by 11, 19, and 23 °C, respectively. Typically, foams with petroleum ether as auxiliary blowing agent displayed better water absorption and swelling ratio in water and exhibited obvious improvement in close‐cell ratio. These foams were preferable for application in thermal insulation materials because of low thermal conductivity and better corrosion resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45582. 相似文献
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以环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇、苯酐聚酯多元醇、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯PM-200、发泡剂一氟二氯乙烷(HCFC-141b)、泡沫稳定剂硅油AK-8801等为主要原料,采用一步法合成了聚氨酯硬泡,考察了不同种类多元醇及其配比、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂种类及用量等对聚氨酯硬泡抗压性能的影响。结果表明:高羟值、高官能度的环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇可提高泡沫的压缩强度,且当环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇4110为100份,并加入20份左右苯酐聚酯多元醇580及10份左右聚醚403,泡沫稳定剂用量1~2份,发泡剂水用量0.5~1份,HCFC-141b用量30~35份,催化剂用量0.5~1.5份时,所得聚氨酯硬泡性能较好。 相似文献
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用对苯二甲酸、苯酐、二元醇、三元醇等多元醇为原料制备新型芳香族聚酯多元醇,考察了聚酯多元醇酸值、羟值与其醇酸摩尔比的关系,以及酸值与反应时间的关系,并将其用于制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,讨论了新型聚酯多元醇对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能影响。 相似文献
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Zaihang Zheng Juntao Yan Huimin Sun Zhiqiang Cheng Wenjie Li Hongyan Wang Xuejun Cui 《Polymer International》2014,63(1):84-92
A facile and effective method for the preparation of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) by in situ surface polymerization was introduced. The ‘polyurethane‐like’ shell structure on the surface of MAPP was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity and thermal behavior of MAPP were studied by using water contact angle tests and thermogravimetric analysis. The foam density and mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) rigid foams were investigated. The flame retardancy of PU rigid foams formulated with MAPP was evaluated by using limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry. The results show that MAPP can greatly increase the flame retardancy of PU materials. Also, there is a synergistic effect between MAPP and expandable graphite in flame retarding PU rigid foams. Moreover, the water resistance property of PU/MAPP composites is better than that of PU/ammonium polyphosphate. The morphology and chemical structure of PU/MAPP rigid foams after burning were systematically investigated. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献