结肠靶向定位滴丸克癌素的提取工艺研究

目的 建立结肠靶向滴丸克癌素的提取工艺方法。方法 采用碱溶酸沉法从槐米中提取芦丁,再进行酸水解得到槲皮素;采用传统乙醇回流法从姜黄中提取总姜黄素,以姜黄中的总姜黄素含量为指标,通过正交表分析确定最佳提取工艺。结果 槲皮素的提取条件为：碱性pH 8~9,酸性pH 3~5条件下提取芦丁;得到精制芦丁加100倍量的2%硫酸酸水解90 min。姜黄的最佳提取工艺为：85%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h;得浸膏上硅胶柱收集氯仿洗脱部分得总姜黄素。结论 该工艺可行,可为结肠靶向滴丸克癌素的生产提供参考。     

正交试验优选槲皮素提取精制工艺

目的：优选从槐米中提取槲皮素的工艺。方法：采用正交试验法,以提取物中槲皮素的含量和槲皮素的提取率为指标,采用多指标综合分析方法优选最佳槲皮素提取、精制工艺。结果：从槐米中提取槲皮素的最佳工艺为：芦丁酸沉的pH为4,芦丁水解时加入的酸量1：80,水解时间2h。结论：该工艺可提高槐米中槲皮素的提取率和纯度。     

肩周炎痛贴中姜黄药材醇提工艺研究

目的优选肩周炎痛贴中姜黄药材醇提工艺。方法以姜黄素的含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交试验考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取次数、提取时间4个因素,以确定最佳提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为姜黄加8倍量80%的乙醇回流提取3次,每次1h。结论该优化工艺操作简单,结果稳定,适用于工业生产。     

姜黄提取工艺研究

目的：优选姜黄提取工艺.方法：采用单因素法,以姜黄挥发油收率为评价指标,优选姜黄挥发油提取工艺条件;采用正交试验法,以姜黄素、干膏率为评价指标,优选姜黄醇提工艺条件.结果：姜黄挥发油提取工艺条件为：粉碎过一号筛,加8倍水,蒸馏提取7 h;姜黄醇提的工艺条件为：加80%乙醇,提取3次,每次加药材8倍量乙醇,提取60 min.结论：优选的姜黄提取工艺条件稳定可行.     

姜黄中姜黄素的提取及分离工艺研究

目的：研究用姜黄生产姜黄素的实用生产工艺。方法：渗漉法提取及大孔树脂分离正交试验。结果：提取姜黄素用9倍体积的70％乙醇，以3mL／min的速度渗漉为最佳提取工艺；利用D101大孔树脂纯化姜黄素工序中调节上样料液pH为7，用80％乙醇以4mL／min的速率洗脱为最佳分离工艺。结论：渗漉法提取和大孔树脂分离获得姜黄素的工艺简便、实用、经济，适用于小量生产。     

金银花提取条件对绿原酸含量的研究

目的探讨用稀醇提取法从金银花中提取绿原酸的最佳条件。方法用稀醇提取法从金银花中提取绿原酸用正交设计选取最佳工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为:12倍量45%乙醇,调pH值至8,75℃水浴浸泡,回流2.5h。影响绿原酸含量的因素顺序是:乙醇浓度>乙醇倍量>pH值>回流时间>浸泡温度。结论稀醇提取法为金银花提取绿原酸是目前较好的一种提取工艺。     

正交试验法优选姜黄的醇提工艺

目的优选和验证姜黄的醇提取工艺。方法以提取物中姜黄素的量、总姜黄素含量和干膏得率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验,考察乙醇浓度、用量、提取时间、提取次数对姜黄中有效成分提取率的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为:用10倍量80%的乙醇提取,提取三次,每次1.5h。结论优选的提取工艺操作简单,重复性好,姜黄素及总姜黄素的提取率高。     

从槐米中提取槲皮素的研究

目的 本文从槐米中提取分离槲皮素进行研究.方法 采用碱溶酸沉法提取,再进行酸水解得到槲皮素.结果 确定了碱溶解酸沉淀法提取槐米中槲皮素的最佳条件及槲皮素的结构鉴定.结论 用碱溶解酸沉淀法从槐米中提取槲皮素是很有意义的,可以较好的提取分离出较高纯度的槲皮素.     

岩黄连药材的提取工艺研究

［摘要］目的正交实验优选岩黄连药材的最佳提取工艺。方法以岩黄连中总生物碱、脱氢卡维丁的含量为指标,比较乙醇和酸水两种不同提取溶媒以及回流、渗漉两种不同提取方法,采用L9（34）正交设计,对影响岩黄连提取工艺中的溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数等4个因素进行优化筛选。结果乙醇提取优于酸水提取,回流法提取效果优于渗漉法。醇提最佳工艺条件为：用75%乙醇提取,每次加醇量10倍,提取3次,每次提取时间2 h。结论优选得到的工艺简便、稳定、可行。     

以槐角为原料制备染料木素的工艺研究

目的制定一种以槐角为原料,适用于工业化生产制备染料木素的最佳工艺。方法以槐角为原料,采取正交实验,确定最佳的槐角苷提取工艺;在单因素考察的基础上,采取正交实验,确定槐角苷水解得到染料木素的最佳条件。结果槐角中槐角苷的最佳提取工艺是:80%乙醇、煎煮120 min、8倍量、提取3次;槐角苷最佳酸解工艺是:用2.5 mol.L-1盐酸乙醇液酸解,料液比为1∶15,酸解温度为90℃,酸解时间为2.5 h。结论该方法经济适用,是可用于大批量生产的制备方法。     

Antiangiogenic Effect of Curcumin in Pure Versus in Extract Forms

Curcumin isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingaberaceae) root was found to be anti-angiogenic in a human tissue-based angiogenesis assay. As a liposoluble compound, curcumin can be extracted from turmeric root with organic solvents such as ethanol or acetone. Curcumin in its pure form has poor solubility in water, potentially limiting its medicinal use for humans when it is taken orally or injected. This study attempted to investigate the possibility of improving curcumin's low solubility using an extract as a carrier. This would maintain anti-angiogenic properties with improved water-solubility. Experiments were undertaken to determine the extraction efficiency of different solvents for curcumin. Anti-angiogenic activities of curcumin in its pure form and in extracts were compared as a general trend ethanol or acetone was more efficient in extracting curcumin than their aqueous counterparts. Using 50 and 70% aqueous ethanol as well as 70% aqueous acetone yielded significantly more turmeric extracts by weight than absolute acetone, which was the lowest. Conversely, turmeric extracts extracted with 95% ethanol and absolute acetone contained significantly higher curcumin concentrations than water extract, which was the lowest. Combining the higher extract yield and highest curcumin concentrations in the extract, 95% ethanol gave the highest yield of single entity curcumin. In the angiogenesis assay, pure curcumin at the concentration of 85 μ M (in 1% ethanol v/v) in the culture medium totally suppressed angiogenic responses. In contrast, a curcumin concentration of 18.5 μ M (in the form of 100 μ g/ml turmeric extract) achieved the same total inhibition of angiogenesis in culture. This nearly 5 fold gap reflected the unaccounted involvement of other antiangiogenic compounds including curcumin derivatives, and/or enhancement of curcumin by non-antiangiogenic compounds in the extract. This finding suggests that curcumin in the form of extracts be potentially more pharmacologically active than pure curcumin. Further investigations of this hypothesis and possible interactions are warranted.     

姜黄降尿酸作用的实验研究

采用次黄嘌呤和氧嗪酸钾诱导的小鼠高尿酸模型,分别给予不同剂量姜黄醇提物,以小鼠血清尿酸(SUA),肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性(XOD),尿液尿酸(UUA)排泄量等为指标。结果,姜黄高剂量醇提物具有显著的降低SUA、抑制XOD活性、促进UUA排泄量的作用。表明姜黄可通过抑制尿酸生成与促进尿酸排泄的双重途径而达到降低血清尿酸。     

鹅不食草总有机酸的提取与分析

目的优化鹅不食草总有机酸提取方法并测定其含量。方法分别采用超声提取法、碱提酸沉法、酸沉后有机溶剂萃取法、有机溶剂加酸水直接提取法等多种方法提取鹅不食草总有机酸,并用分光光度法测定总有机酸含量。结果碱提酸沉法为鹅不食草总有机酸最佳提取方法,总有机酸含量为67.3%。结论碱提酸沉法提取鹅不食草总有机酸的方法可行,分光光度法测定总有机酸含量简便、灵敏。     

浸提法提取枸杞多糖工艺优选

目的:优选浸提法提取枸杞多糖的工艺条件.方法:以提取得到的枸杞多糖得率为指标,采用热水浸提法提取,先单因素后正交试验,对热水提枸杞多糖的料液比(A)、提取时间(B)、提取次数(C)三个因素进行优选组合. 并采用苯酚-浓硫酸法测定枸杞多糖的含量. 结果:以提取得到的枸杞多糖得率为指标,热水浸提法提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件为A1B3C3:料液比为1:15;提取时间2h;提取次数3次. 结论:当大规模提取枸杞多糖时,可选用热水浸提法.     

Screening pharmaceutical preparations containing extracts of turmeric rhizome,artichoke leaf,devil's claw root and garlic or salmon oil for antioxidant capacity

Pharmaceutical preparations derived from natural sources such as vegetables often contain compounds that contribute to the antioxidant defence system and apparently play a role in the protection against degenerative diseases. In the present study, commercial preparations containing extracts of turmeric, artichoke, devil's claw and garlic or salmon oil were investigated. The products were divided into fractions of different polarity, and their antioxidant activity was determined using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. This test is based on the efficacy of the test material to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) derived radicals. Total phenols were determined in all fractions as well as specific carotenoids in the most lipophilic fraction to assess their contribution to the antioxidant activity. For comparison, the radical scavenging effect of selected constituents of the extracts such as curcumin, luteolin, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, harpagoside, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol was investigated and compared with that of Trolox. Curcumin, luteolin, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid and beta-carotene showed an antioxidant activity superior to Trolox in the TEAC assay; harpagoside was barely active. All fractions of the turmeric extract preparation exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity, which was assigned to the presence of curcumin and other polyphenols. The antioxidant activity corresponding to the artichoke leaf extract was higher in the aqueous fractions than in the lipophilic fractions. Similarly, devil's claw extract was particularly rich in water-soluble antioxidants. Harpagoside, a major compound in devil's claw, did not contribute significantly to its antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity of the garlic preparation was poor in the TEAC assay. That of salmon oil was mainly attributed to vitamin E, which is added to the product for stabilization. In all test preparations, the antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the content of total phenolic compounds.     

仿生化提取人参皂苷类成分的初步研究

目的:对人参中的皂苷类成分进行仿生化提取。方法:以人参超微粉为原料,分别以仿生溶媒和水作为提取溶剂提取人参皂苷类成分。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定人参总皂苷的含量;高效液相色谱法测定人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re含量之和,并分析色谱图特征;以成分的提取率为指标比较仿生化和水提取法的优劣。结果:仿生化提取人参总皂苷的提取率为61.31%,人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总提取率为62.63%;水提取人参总皂苷的提取率为54.26%,人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总提取率为43.09%。结论:仿生化提取法对人参总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的提取效率高于水提取法,且仿生化提取物色谱图中显示有新成分产生。     

Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) effect on biochemical and pathological parameters of liver and kidney in chicken aflatoxicosis

Context: Aflatoxins as potent mycotoxins can influence vital parameters in chickens. Turmeric was used in decreasing toxic effect of mycotoxins on vital organs, traditionally.

Objective: The study compared the protective effect of turmeric and Mycoad^TR in broilers exposed to aflatoxin.

Materials and methods: Chickens (270) were divided into six groups. The chickens were fed a basal diet, turmeric extract (5?mg/kg diet), Mycoad^TR (25?mg/kg diet), productive aflatoxin (3?mg/kg diet), aflatoxin plus turmeric extract (3 versus 5?mg/kg diet), and aflatoxin plus Mycoad^TR (3 versus 25?mg/kg diet) in basal diet. At 28?d old, we determined plasma concentration of total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium, potassium, phosphorous, uric acid, aspartate transferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Furthermore, liver and kidney were sampled for pathological examination.

Results: Chickens fed turmeric with aflatoxin had significant lower ALT, AST, and uric acid than chickens fed aflatoxin (11.4?±?0.79, 228?±?9, and 6?±?0.4 versus 17.2?±?1.7, 283?±?5, and 7.7?±?0.1) whereas, total protein, calcium, and HDL values in chickens fed aflatoxin plus turmeric increased significantly (2.66?±?0.16, 8.4?±?0.2, and 920?±?4.1 versus 1.7?±?0.17, 7?±?0.2, and 690?±?4.8). Pathological examination revealed severe congestion, degeneration, and necrosis in liver and kidney in chickens that received aflatoxin.

Discussion and conclusion: The study showed that turmeric may provide protection against the toxic effects of aflatoxin on liver and kidney.     

基于层次分析法评分的多指标正交试验法优选宣木瓜的醇水双提工艺

目的 筛选宣木瓜的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验法,以齐墩果酸和熊果酸、总有机酸、总多酚和总多糖提取量为指标;层次分析法确定权重,多指标综合评分优选宣木瓜醇水双提的工艺参数.结果 最佳提取工艺为:8倍量75％乙醇回流提取2次,每次2h,药渣再用12倍量水回流提取2h.结论 优选工艺为宣木瓜提取物及配方颗粒制备奠定了基础.     

Hepatobiliary clearance of labelled mebrofenin in normal and D-galactosamine HCl-induced hepatitis rats and the protective effect of turmeric extract

This study was carried out to see the hepatobiliary clearance of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin radiopharmaceutical in D-galactosamine induced hepatic rats. Furthermore, protective effect of turmeric extract has been studied in these hepatitis rats. Hepatitis was induced with intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (400 mg/kg b. wt) in these rats. 1% turmeric extract was given along with their normal diet for 15 days. Turmeric extract treatment significantly increased the hepatic uptake of radioactivity and accelerated the excretion of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin as compared to control rats. (P < 0.001). In D-galactosamine administered rats, a significant delay was observed in 99m Tc-Mebrofenin excretion as compared to controls. However, D-galactosamine administered rats, pretreated with turmeric extract or concurrently treated with turmeric extract showed a near normal pattern of 99m Tc-Mebrofenin excretion. Hence, it can be suggested that turmeric extract may improve the liver function by detoxification.     

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract may prevent the deterioration of spatial memory and the deficit of estimated total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells of trimethyltin-exposed rats

Context: Protection of neurons from degeneration is an important preventive strategy for dementia. Much of the dementia pathology implicates oxidative stress pathways. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. These effects are considered to be similar to those of citicoline which has been regularly used as one of standard medications for dementia.

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the effects of turmeric rhizome extract on the hippocampus of trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials and methods: The rats were divided randomly into six groups, i.e., a normal control group (N); Sn group, which was given TMT chloride; Sn-Cit group, which was treated with citicoline and TMT chloride; and three Sn-TE groups, which were treated with three different dosages of turmeric rhizome extract and TMT chloride. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the spatial memory. The estimated total number of CA1 and CA2–CA3 pyramidal cells was calculated using a stereological method.

Results: The administration of turmeric extract at a dose of 200?mg/kg bw has been shown to prevent the deficits in the spatial memory performance and partially inhibit the reduction of the number of CA2–CA3 regions pyramidal neurons.

Discussion: TMT-induced neurotoxic damage seemed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Turmeric extract might act as anti inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant agent.

Conclusions: The effects of turmeric extract at a dose of 200?mg/kg bw seem to be comparable to those of citicoline.