颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位与家属心理状态关系的研究

[目的]探讨颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位与家属心理状态关系,为向患儿家属进行有效护理干预提供依据。[方法]应用霍尔姆斯和雷赫的社会再适应评定量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查335名颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位(LCU)得分和心理状态。[结果]颅脑外伤患儿家属LCU得分高于平诊患儿家属LCU得分(对照组);患儿家属的SCL-90各因中人际关系、抑郁、焦虑3个因子分值高于国内常模;患儿LCU得分高,SCL-90总分也高。[结论]小儿颅脑外伤是一种严重的突发不可控制事件,护士应了解患儿家属家庭状况及家属心理状态,有针对性地对家属进行健康教育和心理干预,提高家庭应激支持水平。     

手术患儿家属焦虑心理分析与护理

目的　了解手术患儿家属的焦虑程度及原因 ,以便采取相应的护理措施 ,达到心理疏导的目的。方法　应用状态焦虑量表及自编的原因调查表对 86例手术患儿家属进行测查。结果　手术患儿家属在患儿术前焦虑评分明显高于术后 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,术前焦虑受多方面因素影响 ,主要的原因有对手术、麻醉及预后的不了解 ;患儿母亲焦虑评分高于父亲 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;急诊手术患儿家属焦虑评分明显高于择期手术 (P<0 .0 0 1)。结论　护理人员应在手术前加强对患儿家属的心理护理 ,并针对不同的原因采取相应的护理措施 ,同时应注意母亲角色的特殊性及重视急诊手术患儿家属的心理疏导     

颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位与家属心理状态关系的研究

[目的]探讨颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位与家属心理状态关系,为向患儿家属进行有效护理干预提供依据。[方法]应用霍尔姆斯和雷赫的＂社会再适应评定量表＂和症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查335名颅脑外伤患儿家属的生活变化单位（LCU）得分和心理状态。[结果]颅脑外伤患儿家属LCU得分高于平诊患儿家属LCU得分（对照组）;患儿家属的SCL-90各因中人际关系、抑郁、焦虑3个因子分值高于国内常模;患儿LCU得分高,SCL-90总分也高。[结论]小儿颅脑外伤是一种严重的突发不可控制事件,护士应了解患儿家属家庭状况及家属心理状态,有针对性地对家属进行健康教育和心理干预,提高家庭应激支持水平。     

中年男性晚期肿瘤患者家属的心理状态调查

目的 了解中年男性晚期肿瘤患者家属的心理状态及影响因素.方法 对50例中年男性晚期肿瘤患者的100名直系家属进行问卷调查.结果 中年男性晚期肿瘤患者家属的焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分明显高于国内常模(P<0.01),且父母与配偶得分明显高于子女与兄弟姐妹(P<0.01),其影响因素主要有:患者的病痛、家庭人员照顾、家庭经济等.结论 护士在照顾中年男性晚期肿瘤患者的同时,应充分关心其直系家属,尤其是其配偶与父母的心理.     

PICU患儿家属心理状况调查及护理干预

目的:调查分析儿科重症监护病房(PICU)患儿家属心理状况及心理需求,并进行护理干预 ,为临床医疗护理工作提供参考依据.方法:将55名患儿家属随机分为观察组28名和对照组27名,观察组给予系统心理护理干预,对照组给予常规护理.在患儿入PICU 24 h内和72 h后应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和重危患者家属需求量表(CCFNI)进行问卷调查.结果:PICU患儿家属SCL-90各因子得分(除人际关系敏感因子外)均高于全国常模(P＜0.01).实施心理护理干预后,观察组72 h后SCL-90各因子得分、SAS分值较24 h内均明显降低(P＜0.05),且优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:PICU患儿家属存在不同程度焦虑、抑郁等方面心理问题,在救治危重患儿的同时应注重患儿家属心理反应及心理需求,给予早期心理护理干预,可使家属积极配合治疗与护理,促进患儿早日康复.     

改良脊柱侧弯临床护理路径对患儿家属心理应激能力的影响

[目的]探讨改良脊柱侧弯临床护理路径的应用对降低患儿家属不良心理状态的影响。[方法]将40例脊柱侧弯手术患儿家属随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用改良脊柱侧弯临床护理路径,突出支持性心理干预与护理,对照组采用常规临床护理。应用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)于术前及术后对患儿家属进行测评,并应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)了解患儿家属术前的心理状态。[结果]两组患儿家属术前SAS得分均高于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);干预后术前1d、术后当天、术后第3天、术后第7天观察组患儿家属SAS得分均明显低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术前SCL-90量表中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖得分明显高于对照组(P0.05);且观察组焦虑、抑郁、躯体化、恐怖得分明显高于全国常模,而人际关系、敌对性得分明显低于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]与患儿家属间的有效沟通、引导性的护理干预和有效的缓解心理压力方法,可降低患儿家属的焦虑程度,改善心理状态。     

ICU患者家属60名情绪状况现状调查及分析

目的:对ICU患者家属情绪现状及其影响因素进行调查,了解ICU患者家属心理情绪状态,以采取针对性护理干预措施.方法:应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表对60名ICU患者家属的心理状况和社会支持情况进行调查.结果:发现ICU患者家属SAS得分较全国常模显著升高(P<0.05),SAS得分、SDS得分均与社会支持总分(r=-0.48,P<0.05;r=-0.53,P<0.01),主观支持分(r=-0.61,P<0.01;r=-0.59,P<0.01),支持利用度显著负相关(r=-0.42,P<0.05;r=-0.52,P<0.01).结论:ICU患者家属是焦虑的高发人群,为患者家属提供足够的社会支持,帮助其提高支持利用度,可以有助于缓解ICU患者家属的抑郁焦虑情绪.     

手术患儿家属焦虑心理分析与护理

目的了解手术患儿家属的焦虑程度及原因,以便采取相应的护理措施,达到心理疏导的目的.方法应用状态焦虑量表及自编的原因调查表对86例手术患儿家属进行测查.结果手术惠儿家属在患儿术前焦虑评分明显高于术后(P＜0.001),术前焦虑受多方面因素影响,主要的原因有对手术、麻醉及预后的不了解;患儿母亲焦虑评分高于父亲(P＜0.05);急诊手术患儿家属焦虑评分明显高于择期手术(P＜0.001).结论护理人员应在手术前加强对患儿家属的心理护理,并针对不同的原因采取相应的护理措施,同时应注意母亲角色的特殊性及重视急诊手术患儿家属的心理疏导.     

先天性漏斗胸患儿家属心理状况及社会支持相关性调查

目的:了解先天性漏斗胸患儿家属的心理健康状况以及与社会支持的相关性,为有针对性地开展心理干预和支持提供理论依据.方法:应用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表,对80名先天性漏斗胸患儿家属的心理健康状况及社会支持情况进行问卷调查,并分析两者的相关性.结果:先天性漏斗胸患儿家属的焦虑和抑郁情绪状况均高于国内常模(P＜0.01).焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表得分与家长性别、文化程度和医疗费用支付方式有关.漏斗胸患儿家属焦虑和抑郁程度与社会支持呈负相关,获得社会支持越少,焦虑和抑郁程度越高.结论:先天性漏斗胸患儿家属普遍存在明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,社会支持对减轻患儿家属的焦虑和抑郁程度具有积极作用.护理人员应采取针对性的护理干预缓解患儿家属的负性心理,并帮助家属建立有效的支持系统,给予全面的支持与照顾.     

急性颅脑损伤患者家属的心理状况调查

目的:了解家属心理状况。方法:采用心理卫生症状自评表(SCL-90)和家属一般情况调查表,总结分析298例颅脑损伤患者者家属的心理状况。结果:急性颅脑损伤患者家属的SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性条目数、阳性均分、部分因子分均高于全国常模(P<0.01)。结论:急性颅脑损伤患者家属存在明显的心理健康问题,需要医务人员及时进行健康教育及心理疏导。     

Paediatric day surgery: impact on Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents

Paediatric day surgery is a potentially stressful and threatening experience for children and parents. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of paediatric day surgery on anxiety level of Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents, and to examine the relationship between children's preoperative anxiety and their level of cooperation during induction and postoperative periods. A total of 112 children admitted for circumcision with their parents in a day surgery unit were recruited. The state anxiety level for both children and parents was assessed at the time of admission and again at 4 hours after operation. Children's level of cooperation during the induction and the postoperative periods were also assessed. The results showed that the preoperative anxiety level for both children and their parents was relatively high. Children with high preoperative anxiety levels were associated with lower levels of cooperation during induction and postoperative periods. The results also indicated that parents' high state anxiety was associated with their children's high state anxiety. This study designated that preoperative intervention to minimize children and parents' anxiety is crucial and that there is still room for improvement.     

肿瘤患儿父母的压力及焦虑状况调查分析

[目的]探讨肿瘤患儿父母的压力及焦虑情况,探索解决问题的护理依据.[方法]应用状态-特质焦虑量表,通过问卷调查的方法对34例肿瘤患儿父母的压力感受及情绪状态进行评估.[结果]母亲所感受的压力程度大于父亲,父母的状态焦虑均高于常模.[结论]肿瘤患儿父母的压力焦虑状况应引起护理人员的重视,护理人员有必要为患儿父母提供心理支持及健康教育,缓解其焦虑程度有利于患儿的治疗及护理.     

先天性心脏病患儿术前父母压力及焦虑状况的调查

目的 探讨先天性心脏病（CHD）患儿术前其父母压力及焦虑状况及相关影响因素,旨在为实施身心护理及健康教育提供有益的参考资料.方法 采用状态-特质焦虑量表和自编影响因素问卷对144例CHD患儿父母进行问卷调查,观察患儿父母状态焦虑（SAI）评分和特质焦虑（TAI）评分.结果 CHD患儿术前其父亲SAI评分（48.72±9.99）分,母亲SAI评分（54.05±11.38）分,父母SAI评分高于国内常模;20～30岁年龄段母亲SAI评分最高,母亲SAI评分与年龄成负相关关系;不同文化程度、不同职业的父母间,SAI评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 CHD患儿术前其父母承受较大的心理压力而出现焦虑,护士应充分评估这些父母的一般背景资料和引起他们焦虑的有关影响因素,提供针对性的护理措施,给患儿家长全面的身心支持和照顾.     

Reducing anxiety in parents before and during pediatric anesthesia induction.

Fear and anxiety in a child undergoing surgery are correlated positively with the parent's level of anxiety, and interventions to decrease the parent's anxiety are appropriate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether viewing a video of an actual pediatric inhalation induction would reduce the level of parental anxiety. Eighty patients requiring an inhalation anesthetic induction were selected and randomized to 2 groups. Parents in the experimental group (group 1; n = 40) viewed a video demonstrating pediatric mask induction. Parents in the control group (group 2; n = 40) received an information pamphlet only. Anxiety was measured perioperatively in the parents and their children. Mean arterial pressure for children in group 1 was significantly lower during preoperative holding and following induction (P < .05). The level of anxiety postoperatively of children and parents in group 1 was significantly lower than that of children and parents in group 2 (P < .05). Viewing a preoperative video seems to be beneficial. Decreasing the parent's level of anxiety preoperatively may have a positive effect on the child's level of anxiety expressed postoperatively.     

Levels of anxiety in parents in the 24 hr before and after their child's surgery: A descriptive study

Aims and objectives

To (i) investigate pre‐ and postoperative anxiety levels in parents of surgical patients; (ii) identify factors that affect parental anxiety; and (iii) analyse assistance provided and overall parental satisfaction to assess whether and how this aspect can impact their anxiety level.

Background

Surgery as an event generates anxiety in children and their parents. Children who are anxious before surgery are likely to develop more postoperative psychological and physiological complications than those who are not. The role parents play in influencing emotional states of their children has been well demonstrated. However, specific national programmes aimed at helping parents develop new models for coping are relatively inexistent in Italy.

Study design

Longitudinal study.

Methods

One hundred and one parents of children undergoing surgery at a healthcare facility in Padua, Italy, completed the Italian version of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y questionnaire. They also answered questions about their parents' socio‐demographic situation, the amount and quality of preoperative information received, assistance provided and their overall satisfaction with this information.

Results

The preoperative level of anxiety in parents who were interviewed was higher than Italian normative data, especially in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery and Pediatric Urology departments. Mothers had a significantly higher level of anxiety than fathers. Communicating possible complications of surgical procedures increased anxiety, while providing information about pre‐ and postsurgery nutrition and pain management and providing local anaesthetic on children decreased parental anxiety. Parents expressed a sufficiently high level of satisfaction although they defined the hospital environment as uncomfortable.

Conclusions

Aspects of care that can make hospitalisation less traumatic for parents are as follows: greater support, involving them in the treatment process, improving hospital department admission procedures and providing thorough preoperative information.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare professionals are encouraged to pay attention to communication modalities providing detailed information to parents.     

Anxiety and postoperative pain in children who undergo major orthopedic surgery.

Anxiety and pain are major concerns not only for children who undergo surgery, but also for their parents and health care professionals. A convenience sample of 74 adolescents who underwent major orthopedic surgery for repair of idiopathic scoliosis and their parents was used to investigate the relationships among children's and parents' preoperative and postoperative anxiety and children's postoperative pain. Age-appropriate versions of Spielberger's State-Anxiety scales measured children's and parents' anxiety, and a visual analog scale assessed children's pain intensities. Children's state anxiety increased from preoperative to postoperative levels, and their postoperative anxiety levels positively related to their pain intensities on days 2 and 4 following the operation. Parents' anxiety decreased from preoperative to postoperative levels, and their postoperative anxiety positively related to their children's postoperative anxiety. Studying both parents and children helped to explain the variance in children's self-reported anxiety. Parents' emotional states are important indicators of children's emotional states and, subsequently, their pain experience. The results of this study suggest that allowing children to assist in the assessment of their postoperative pain may help health care professionals better understand the subjective component of pain. The findings also emphasize the importance of including parents in future studies in which the aim is to understand children's behavioral responses and recovery outcomes.     

健康教育对首发精神分裂症患者预后的改善

目的 探讨孤独症患儿父母的心理需求及相应护理对策。方法 运用自行设计的患儿家属心理状态调查表对80名不同职业、不同文化程度的儿童孤独症患儿父母的心理需求进行调查。结果 调查对象最迫切需要的是能及早纠正孩子的异常行为。学历层次较低的患儿父母，他们更注重的是孩子异常行为的纠正，而对于与患儿间的交流时机、方式、内容和技巧运用方面的需求意识还有待提高。结论 对患儿父母进行有效的心理干预及健康宣教能提高患儿父母对儿童孤独症的认知水平，促进父母与患儿的情感交流，减轻家长的焦虑。     

孤独症患儿父母心理需求的调查分析

目的探讨孤独症患儿父母的心理需求及相应护理对策。方法运用自行设计的患儿家属心理状态调查表对80名不同职业、不同文化程度的儿童孤独症患儿父母的心理需求进行调查。结果调查对象最迫切需要的是能及早纠正孩子的异常行为。学历层次较低的患儿父母,他们更注重的是孩子异常行为的纠正,而对于与患儿间的交流时机、方式、内容和技巧运用方面的需求意识还有待提高。结论对患儿父母进行有效的心理干预及健康宣教能提高患儿父母对儿童孤独症的认知水平,促进父母与患儿的情感交流,减轻家长的焦虑。     

白血病患儿父母照顾能力及其影响因素分析

目的探讨白血病患儿父母照顾能力现状及其影响因素。方法2018年5月至2019年6月,便利抽样法选取某三级甲等儿童医院血液科白血病患儿父母116例为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、恶性血液病家庭照顾者照顾能力量表、中文版癌症患者照顾者支持性照护需求量表、一般自我效能感量表、医学应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持评定量表、焦虑自评量表对其进行调查。结果父母照顾能力总分为(49.53±15.08)分,疾病认知能力为(7.28±2.57)分,基础照护技能为(5.28±2.18)分,按需照护技能为(9.75±3.80)分,情感管理能力为(8.38±2.38)分,寻求利用支持的能力为(7.44±2.74)分,平衡照顾需求与个人需求能力为(11.41±4.72)分。父母照顾能力各维度的影响因素主要包括其自身文化程度、婚姻状况、共同照顾者数量、患儿年龄、父母日常生活需求、沟通人际需求、经济需求、一般自我效能感、应对方式、焦虑等(均P<0.05)。结论白血病患儿父母照顾能力有待提升,应基于照护能力影响因素给予针对性干预。     

陪护下麻醉诱导对围术期患儿心理干预的影响

目的:探讨在父母陪护下进行麻醉诱导对患儿心理干预的影响。方法:将104例手术患儿随机分为实验组和对照组各52例,实验组在麻醉诱导室内由父母陪伴下进行麻醉诱导;对照组术日由卫生员直接用轮椅或平车接入手术间,无父母陪伴下进行麻醉诱导。结果:实验组诱导后血压、心率与诱导前相比无明显变化,对照组诱导后血压、心率高于诱导前及实验组(P<0.05);实验组患儿术前(T1)、进入麻醉诱导室或手术室(T2)、静脉穿刺麻醉诱导(T3)、术后6 h(T4)4个时间焦虑评分显著低于对照组比较(P<0.05);实验组患儿诱导期合作程度评分、家长与患儿分离时焦虑程度评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患儿发生术后行为改变例数明显少于对照组(P<0.05);实验组麻醉诱导效果明显优于对照(P<0.05)结论:在麻醉诱导室内进行父母陪护下麻醉诱导,有利于缓解患儿术前恐惧心理,减轻患儿家属的焦虑情绪,提高麻醉效果,有利于患儿术后康复。