硝酸改性花生壳对Pb2+的吸附研究

以花生壳为原料、HNO3为改性剂,对花生壳进行改性制备吸附剂,并研究了其吸附水中Pb2 的性能.结果表明,在2.0 g花生壳中加入体积分数为10%的HNO3溶液25 mL、控制温度80℃、搅拌3 h,得到改性的花生壳;用此改性花生壳吸附Pb2 的最佳条件为:0.20 g改性花生壳、97.5 mg·L-1的Pb2 溶液25 mL、pH值5.0、搅拌吸附60 min,在此条件下吸附率可达97%;吸附后的花生壳用0.5 mol·L-1的HCl溶液再生,重复使用2次对Pb2 的吸附率在92%以上;同时,比较了改性花生壳和未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附性能,未改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为87%,改性花生壳对Pb2 的吸附率为96%,通过HNO3改性使花生壳的吸附性能得到提高.     

改性农业废弃物花生壳对含铬重金属废水的吸附处理

对改性花生壳处理含Cr6+废水进行了研究,考察了吸附时间、改性花生壳投加量、pH值、Cr6+溶液初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,在吸附时间为100 min,改性花生壳投加量为5.0 g/L,pH值为2.0,Cr6+溶液初始浓度为25 mg/L,常温的条件下,硝酸改性花生壳比磷酸改性花生壳吸附效果好,硝酸改性花生壳吸附率达到87%,磷酸改性花生壳为76%。改性花生壳是一种较高效的重金属离子吸附剂。     

花生壳改性处理含铅废水及吸附机理研究

通过对花生壳改性处理模拟含铅废水,增强对铅离子的吸附能力,结果表明,最佳改性方法是花生壳在0.015 mol/L高锰酸钾中搅拌改性4 h。改性前后花生壳的IR图谱发现吸附位点种类没有增加,但是数量明显增加;BET比表面积测试结果表明,改性后花生壳的比表面积增加了78%。在初始条件为50 m L含Pb2+100 mg/L模拟含铅废水时,最佳的吸附条件为0.2 g改性花生壳在含铅废水中吸附2 h,Pb2+除去率为99.48%,较未改性的花生壳提高了42.63%。吸附机理研究表明,采用Lagergren准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型可以准确描述吸附行为,拟合实验数据平衡吸附量为24.93 mg/g,与实验结果一致。     

花生壳改性处理含铅废水及吸附机理研究

通过对花生壳改性处理模拟含铅废水,增强对铅离子的吸附能力,结果表明,最佳改性方法是花生壳在0.015 mol/L高锰酸钾中搅拌改性4 h。改性前后花生壳的IR图谱发现吸附位点种类没有增加,但是数量明显增加;BET比表面积测试结果表明,改性后花生壳的比表面积增加了78%。在初始条件为50 m L含Pb2+100 mg/L模拟含铅废水时,最佳的吸附条件为0.2 g改性花生壳在含铅废水中吸附2 h,Pb2+除去率为99.48%,较未改性的花生壳提高了42.63%。吸附机理研究表明,采用Lagergren准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型可以准确描述吸附行为,拟合实验数据平衡吸附量为24.93 mg/g,与实验结果一致。     

改性花生壳吸附水中Cr6+的研究

研究了改性花生壳对Cr6 的吸附作用,并探讨了溶液的pH值、Cr6 初始浓度、吸附时间、温度及改性花生壳用量等因素对Cr6 吸附效果的影响.结果表明,在温度为33℃、改性花生壳用量为1.0 g、20 mg·L-1的Cr6 溶液50 mL、溶液的pH值为2.0、振荡吸附时间为120 min的条件下,Cr6 的吸附去除率达到了98.4%.     

改性花生壳对活性黄的吸附性能研究

以甲醛和硫酸改性处理后的花生壳作为生物质吸附剂,对活性黄染料溶液吸附脱色性能进行了研究。考察了溶液的pH值、溶液的初始浓度、温度、吸附剂的用量及大小、吸附时间及溶液中的盐离子浓度等对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学和热力学进行研究。结果表明,改性的花生壳吸附活性黄的最佳条件为:在染料浓度100mg/L、吸附剂的用量10 g/L、pH值为2.0、吸附时间在240 min的条件下,改性花生壳对活性黄的吸附率可达到99%以上;Langmuir型吸附模型能较好地描述改性花生壳对活性黄的吸附实验数据,该吸附过程符合准二动力学吸附模型,且吸附过程的Gibbs自由函数ΔG0,反应活化能Ea=20.60 kJ/mol,吸附反应可以自发进行。     

羧基酯化改性花生壳对染料废水的吸附

通过甲醇酯化法制备改性花生壳,用于吸附刚果红、次甲基蓝染料废水.考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、初始浓度对吸附的影响及改性花生壳的再生.结果表明,在室温、刚果红在pH值4.16、次甲基蓝在7.45时,吸附效果最佳,经搅拌吸附120 min达到平衡,两染料最大吸附率分别为82.30％和90.84％,饱和吸附量分别为10.88 mg/g和11.82 mg/g.吸附符合一级动力学过程和Langmuir等温吸附模型.改性花生壳吸附效果较未改性花生壳明显提高,且可经0.5 moL/L NaOH溶液再生重复使用.     

改性菌渣对含Pb2+废水吸附性能的影响

采用盐酸浸泡和热处理的方法对香菇菌渣改性后制备吸附剂,研究其对模拟废水中Pb~(2+)的吸附性能,考察了初始浓度、温度、pH、吸附剂投加量和吸附时间5个因素对吸附性能的影响,并研究了改性菌渣吸附剂对Pb~(2+)的等温吸附和吸附动力学特征。结果表明:改性菌渣对Pb~(2+)模拟溶液的最佳吸附条件为:pH=5.0、吸附剂投加量1.6 g/L、初始浓度250 mg/L、温度25℃、吸附时间60min。在该条件下对Pb~(2+)的吸附率可达95.68%,改性菌渣吸附Pb~(2+)的过程符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级吸附动力学模型,吸附速率主要由化学吸附控制。     

花生壳活性炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以花生壳为原料,磷酸为活化剂制备花生壳活性炭,采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)对花生壳活性炭进行了表征。从热力学和动力学的角度,研究了花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附行为。热力学研究表明:花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,该吸附是自发吸热过程。动力学研究表明:花生壳活性炭对Cu2+的吸附符合二级反应动力学方程反应特征,颗粒内扩散为主要控速步骤。     

改性花生壳对重金属废水中铬离子的吸附研究

伴随着环境污染的日益严重,特别是重金属对环境的污染,我国农业减产、医疗事故等造成的损失也呈现出越发严重的态势。同时,对资源的不当利用使我国本已紧缺的资源遭受巨大浪费。讲述了废水中铬金属离子给环境和人类带来的危害及目前常用的处理方法,同时对改性花生壳合成活性炭进行了铬离子吸附的研究,并对改性花生壳在重金属离子处理领域做出展望总结。     

花生壳提取物制造木材用胶粘剂

利用花生壳提取物制造木材用胶粘剂,其性能比良,适用于人造板的制造。     

HNO3改性活性炭对不同价态离子的电吸附规律

以硝酸改性活性炭为原材料,制备电吸附电极,并研究其对8种常见金属盐离子的吸附特性;分别采用扫描电镜、比表面积及孔径分析仪、红外光谱仪和电化学工作站等对改性前后材料的性能进行表征和分析。结果表明：改性后的活性炭相比于改性前拥有更好的孔隙结构,含氧官能团增多,制备出的电极电化学性能更好;在除盐实验中,制备的电极对价态越高的离子去除速率越快但去除率越低;对于同价态离子,水合离子半径越小时去除速率越快且去除率越高;离子从溶液到电极表面再到活性材料孔道内部的过程,主要为物理吸附过程,也存在较微弱的化学吸附。     

Adsorptive Removal of Lead from Battery Wastewater by Coconut Coir

The sorption behavior of lead ions on coconut coir has been investigated to decontaminate lead ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters were optimized to simulate the best conditions in which this material can be used as an adsorbent. Maximum adsorption was observed at 0.0001 to 0.001 mol L^?1 of acid solutions (HNO₃, HCl and HClO₄) using 0.4 g of adsorbent for 4.83 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 lead concentration in ten minutes equilibration time. The adsorption of lead was decreased with the increase in the concentrations of all the acids used. The kinetic data indicated an intraparticle diffusion process with sorption being pseudo-second order. The determined rate constant k₂ was 8.8912 g mg^?1 min^?1. The adsorption data obeyed the Freundlich isotherm over the lead concentration range of 2.41 × 10^?4 to 1.45 × 10^?3 mol L^?1. The characteristic Freundlich constants i.e., 1/n = 0.44 ± 0.02 and K = 0.184 ± 0.0096 m mol g^?1 have been computed for the sorption system. The sorption mean free energy from the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is 10.48 ± 0.72 kJ mol^?1 indicating the ion-exchange mechanism of chemisorption. The uptake of lead increases with the rise in temperature (293–333 K). Thermodynamic quantities i.e., ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH have also been calculated for the system. The sorption process was found to be endothermic. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the removal of lead from battery wastewater samples.     

微波辅助提取花生壳总黄酮的工艺优化

以花生壳为原料,采用微波辅助提取花生壳中的总黄酮。探讨了乙醇体积分数、微波时间、料液比和提取温度对总黄酮提取的影响。在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验优化工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:微波时间2min,提取温度50℃,乙醇体积分数70%,料液比1∶25(g/m L),在此工艺条件下,花生壳总黄酮的提取率为8.9436%。     

Adsorption of Pb(II) by Peanut Hull Carbon from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Carbon prepared from peanut hulls (PHC) has been used for the adsorption of Pb(II) over a range of initial metal ion concentrations (10–20 mg/L), agitation times (5–140 minutes), adsorbent dosages (5–100 mg/100 mL), and pH values (1.5–10.0). Adsorption of Pb(II) obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The applicability of the Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Quantitative removal of 20 mg/L Pb(II) by 0.3 g carbon per liter aqueous solution was observed in the pH range of 3.0 to 10.0. A comparative study with a coal-based commercial granular activated carbon (CAC) showed that the adsorption capacity of PHC was 18 times larger than that of CAC.     

花生壳粉含量对聚乳酸/花生壳粉复合材料性能的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）、花生壳粉为主要原料,以硅烷为偶联剂,采用模压成型法制备了PLA/花生壳粉复合材料,研究了花生壳粉含量对复合材料力学性能、吸水性能、摩擦磨损性能以及结晶性能的影响。结果表明,随着花生壳粉含量的增加,复合材料的洛氏硬度和冲击强度呈先降低后升高的趋势,拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐升高,均在花生壳粉含量为50 %(质量分数,下同)时达到最大;吸水性能逐渐提高;磨损性能逐渐降低;当花生壳粉含量为50 %时,PLA/花生壳粉材料具有优良的力学性能和吸水性能。     

硝酸-过氧化氢消解测定废水中的总铬

建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2消解测定废水中的总铬的方法。该方法在0.020~0.300 mg/L范围内线性良好,实际样品测定结果与标准方法一致,检出限为0.003 76 mg/L,加标回收率在92.0%~103%之间。与标准方法相比,该方法还具有操作简单,浓酸使用量少,精密度高、准确度高等特点。     

Physical and Adsorptive Characterization of Precipitated Magnesium Silicate from Rice Hull Ash Silica

Precipitation of magnesium silicate from sodium silicate and MgCl₂ and MgSO₄ solutions was investigated at four different reactant feed rates and two temperatures (25 °C and 50 °C). Sodium silicate solutions were produced from rice hull ash silica. The final product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, crystal size distribution, and filtration rate measurements. Physical characteristics of the studied magnesium silicates were determined by the Brauner‐Emmett‐Teller method and their adsorption capacities were compared to commercial magnesium silicate (Florisil). The adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The best fit of the kinetic results was achieved by a pseudo‐second‐order equation. The equilibrium data were found to be well represented by the Freundlich isotherm equation.     

皮胶原纤维负载钦对核工业废水中铀的去除(英文)

Effective recovery of UO2+2 from wastewater is essential for nuclear fuel industry and related industries.In this study,a novel adsorbent was prepared by loading titanium(Ti4+) onto collagen fiber(TICF),and its physical and chemical properties as well as adsorption to UO2+2 in nuclear fuel industrial wastewater were investigated.It is found that TICF can effectively recover UO2+2 from the wastewater with excellent adsorption capacity.The adsorption capacity is 0.62 mmol·g-1 at 303 K and pH 5.0 when the initial concentration of UO2+2 is 1.50 mmol·L-1.The adsorption isotherms can be described by the Langmuir equation and the adsorption capacity increases with temperature.The effect of co-existed F on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2 is significant,which can be eliminated by adding aluminum ions as complexing agent,while the other co-existed ions in the solutions,including HCO-3,Cl-,NO-3,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cu2+,have little effect on the adsorption capacity for UO2+2.The saturated TICF after UO2+2 adsorption can be regenerated by using 0.2 mol·L-1 nitrate(HNO-3) as desorption agent,and the TICF can be reused at least three times.Thus the TICF is a new and effective adsorbent for the recovery of UO2+2 from the wastewater.     

铊矿湿法制取高纯铊的研究

根据贵州铊矿资源的特点,介绍了一种化学法制取高纯铊的生产工艺和应用方法。