OFDM系统中基于恒模的盲信道估计算法

该文提出了一种适用于采用PSK调制方式的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的准盲信道估计算法。该算法首先利用系统信号的恒模特性得到有限个可能的信道,然后利用信号的有限字符特性从可能信道中寻找出最佳信道,因而具有较低的计算复杂度。与现有的盲信道估计算法不同,该算法利用二阶统计量而不是高阶统计量估计信道,获得了较好的估计性能。仿真结果表明,该算法的性能优于基于有限字符特性的盲信道估计算法。     

基于LPA的SIMO-OFDM系统盲信道估计

OFDM系统中的盲信道估计对能否正确恢复信号起决定性作用,现有的算法存在计算复杂度高、精度低的缺点.本文提出将传统的盲信道辨识算法,即线性预报法应用于SIMOOFDM系统中.该算法利用二阶统计量信息,其计算复杂度明显降低,本算法对信道阶数的估计更具有鲁棒性,可获得较高的估计精度.仿真表明,本文算法的性能优于子空间算法.     

OFDM系统中的盲信道估计

本文从OFDM信号的矩阵表示出发,分析比较了OFDM系统中现有的各种盲信道估计方法。OFDM盲信道估计方法分为两类,一类是统计型方法,它利用了发送信号和接收信号的统计特性;另一类是确定型方法,它利用了发送调制信号的固有特性。一般而言,统计型方法的计算量较小,但是估计精度不高且估计的实时性不好;而确定型方法的估计精度较高,实时性较好,但是其计算量较大。计算机仿真表明,这些盲信道估计方法的性能受信道参数尤其是多普勒频率影响很大,盲信道估计的实用化有待进一步研究。     

基于信号周期平稳特性的OFDM系统时频参数盲估计算法

该文考虑移动通信信道下的OFDM系统同步参数估计问题,通过对接收信号进行采样,获得具有周期平稳特性的序列,在此基础上提出一种基于OFDM信号周期平稳特性的系统时延和频偏盲估计算法,并对算法进行时频参数估计范围和误差来源分析。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法不仅适用于频率选择性衰落信道,而且与同类的方法比较,具有更大的频偏估计范围和更高的估计精度。     

一种基于期望最大化的OFDM半盲信道估计算法

提出了一种OFDM半盲信道估计算法。传统的OFDM系统信道估计是依赖于训练序列，但是在无线通信系统中，运用半盲信道估计的性能和灵活性更好。在无线局域网的5GHz频宽的OFDM背景下，利用EM算法仿真，结果表明该算法的SNR与传统训练序列信道估计比较提高了2dB。     

一种OFDM系统同步参数盲估计方法

首先提出一种扩大周期平稳信号循环周期的方法，然后在此基础上提出一种基于信号周期平稳特性的盲同步参数快速估计算法，最后通过分析算法获得一种可以估计非整数倍样点周期时延和扩大频偏估计范围的方法，从而实现整个OFDM基带带宽范围内的频偏估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明，该算法仅用很少的OFDM符号就可以实现同步参数的估计、有好的抗噪特性、衰落信道适应性和高的估计精度。     

一种改进的单音干扰下OFDM系统盲信道估计算法

在相关检测的OFDM系统中,信道估计具有十分重要的意义。研究了一种在单音干扰环境下的OFDM系统中基于预编码的盲信道估计方案。利用接收的干扰信号的频域信息对单音干扰信号进行准确估计与重构,有效地消除了干扰信号的影响,提高了单音干扰下盲信道估计的准确性。与其他盲信道估计算法相比,基于预编码的盲信道估计算法具有较低的运算复杂度以及较快的收敛速度。仿真结果表明了该算法在干扰估计以及信道估计两方面都取得了较好的性能。     

基于信号共轭周期平稳特性的MIMO信道估计方法

MIMO系统中,由于各天线间干扰以及码间干扰等问题的存在,信道估计性能成为影响系统性能的决定性因素。直接利用接收信号的二阶统计特性进行信道估计是目前比较通用的方法之一。本文基于信号的二阶共轭周期平稳特性。提出了一种适用于MIMO系统的信道估计方法,该方法直接利用接收信号的共轭周期自相关函数间的关系,消除了系统的码间干扰(ISI)和信道间的互扰(CCI),分离出信道矩阵的各个元素分别加以估计。该估计算法不需要事先知道信道的准确阶数,整个估计结果不受信道阶数过估计的影响。由于一般的信号不具有共轭周期平稳特性,因而本文同时还提出了一种在MIMO系统中构造和处理二阶共轭周期平稳特性信号的方法。本文最后给出的仿真结果显示所提的估计方法具有良好的估计性能。     

基于噪声子空间跟踪的OFDM盲信道估计

基于子空间分解的OFDM信道估计算法利用信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性可以对信道参数进行盲估计,但是子空间分解的运算量大,使盲信道估计算法的实用化受到限制。本文在噪声子空间自适应跟踪的基础上进行OFDM盲信道估计,显著降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,在适当选择学习因子后可以实现对噪声子空间的快速跟踪,在噪声子空间跟踪的基础上得到的信道估计性能接近于子空间分解法。     

OFDM系统基于矩阵开方的盲信道估计

该文提出一种基于矩阵开方(computing Roots of Matrices, RM)的盲信道估计算法和一种自适应矩阵开方(Adaptive computing Roots of Matrices, ARM)盲信道估计算法。RM算法利用信息符号的有限字符集特性,在时域上通过对一个Toeplitz下三角矩阵开方进行信道解卷积,得到信道估计的闭合解。该运算复杂度远低于现有的盲信道估计搜索算法,并且适用于信道阶数较大、搜索算法不能处理的情况。仿真结果表明RM信道估计性能接近于搜索算法的最佳性能,而ARM通过最陡下降迭代将代价函数最小化,可以进一步提高信道估计的准确性。     

基于包络信息的BPSK 信号与侦收信道带宽定量关系分析

针对二相编码信号经过数字信道化接收机会产生包络缺口现象,通过改变了信号与接收机相关参数,发现对包络缺口个数正确估计的条件要强于对脉宽的估计,且位于信道边沿的信号不能保证包络缺口个数的正确估计。该研究以包络缺口个数与二相编码相位跳变点相等,脉宽估计相对误差小于10%作为正确接收的条件,得到了信号带宽与信道带宽之间的定量关系:当信号载频与信道中心的距离不大于信道带宽的44. 4% 时,可正确接收的信号带宽为信道带宽的0. 493;当距离不大于信道带宽的37. 2% 时,可正确接收的信号带宽增大至信道带宽的0. 704;该结果对不同的编码方式依然成立。     

基于二维嵌套阵的3D MIMO系统信道估计算法

信道估计通过对基站接收信号和用户端发送的已知导频序列进行处理获得。二维嵌套阵列可以节约系统的成本并且得到大规模MIMO（multiple-input multiple-output）天线阵列的性能，然而由于二维嵌套阵列的结构不规整，直接对基站接收信号进行处理具有一定的难度。本文提出一种基于2D-DFT（two-dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform）的信道重构算法，首先对接收信号做自相关处理转化为连续差分阵列的接收信号，然后通过2D-DFT估计出用户的每一条路径的初始DOA（the direction of arrival），然后利用角度旋转技术增强DOA估计实现超分辨率估计，再根据精确的DOA估计通过传统的LS（least squares）估计方法估计出信道增益；最后重构出用户的信道。数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。      

Parametric SNR Estimation Based on Auto-Regressive Model in AWGN Channels

Signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）estimation for signal which can be modeled by Auto-regressive（AR）process is studied in this paper.First,the conventional frequency domain method is introduced to estimate the SNR for the received signal in additive white Gauss noise（AWGN）channel.Then a parametric SNR estimation algorithm is proposed by taking advantage of the AR model information of the received signal.The simulation results show that the proposed parametric method has better performance than the conventional frequency doma in method in case of AWGN channel.     

Channel interference cancellation using electrooptic switch andoptical hardlimiters for direct-detection optical CDMA systems

This paper proposes new channel interference cancellation technique using an electrooptic (EO) switch and optical hardlimiters for direct-detection optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. In the proposed system, the received signal is split into two paths, a signal path and a reference path. The channel interference in a reference path is reduced by double optical hardlimiters. The output of a reference path drives the EO switch to reduce the effect of the channel interference in a signal path. When the reference signal is larger than or equal to the threshold of the driver circuit, the EO switch is turned on, that is, set in the bar state and the signal in a signal path is passed to an avalanche photodiode (APD); Otherwise, the EO switch is turned off, that is, set in the cross state and the signal is not passed to the APD. It is shown that the proposed system is effective to reduce the effect of the channel interference when the received optical power is large and when the effect of the channel interference is large. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed system can improve the floor probabilities of the systems with and without double optical hardlimiters     

Multiresolution sequence detection in rapidly fading channels basedon focused wavelet decompositions

The problem of detecting a sequence using the maximum-likelihood strategy, when the time-varying multipath channel is unknown, can be in principle solved using the generalized likelihood detector (GLD). The GLD metric involves finding the orthogonal projection of the received signal onto the subspace of the transmitted signal distorted by the multipath channel: the faded signal corresponding to one of the transmitted sequences is in fact known to lie in a subspace but its exact location is not known, because the channel parameters are unknown. This detector (which in the case of a static channel collapses to the per-survivor processing method), is also called a matched subspace detector because its statistic is “matched” to the a priori known signal subspace. Unfortunately, the computation of the (perfectly matched) orthogonal projection of the received signal onto the multipath faded signal subspace is, in the general time-varying case, impossible. We introduce in this work the idea of using new wavelet-based subspaces that approximate the original signal subspace. The nested sequence of linear vector spaces, defined by a wavelet-based multiresolution decomposition of the fading channel time variations, provides a set of subspaces that, at an increasingly high level of detail, are “efficient” representations of the original signal subspace. For each of these representations sequence detection at different levels of resolution can be performed     

基于盲源分离的水声信道盲均衡处理方法

提出了一种基于盲源分离的水声信道讯均衡处理方法,通过对接收信号过采样构成源信号,采用了基于信息最大化原理(Infomax)在线分离算法进行了水声信道的盲均衡,并研究了时变水声信道条件下算法的均衡情况,仿真实验结果表明,该处理方法对多径水声信道具有较好的均衡效果,同时不受最小相位的条件限制。     

Multipath propagation effects on a CDMA cellular system

The performance of the reverse link of a code division multiple access cellular system is evaluated. At the base station, the signal from each user is demodulated by a coherent BPSK RAKE receiver. Parameters for the model of the impulse response of the channel were taken from measurements of the digital cellular channel in Toronto. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a received signal is used to measure the performance of the reverse link. The variation in SNR of received signals at the base station should be as small as possible to reduce interference in the network. A power control scheme to lower the variation in SNR of the received signals is analyzed. The effects of lowering the bandwidth of the transmitted signal were also investigated     

Blind decentralized projection receiver for asynchronous CDMA in multipath channels

An asynchronous direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system employing periodic spreading sequences is considered to be operating in a frequency selective channel. The cyclostationary spread signal is received at multiple sensors and/or is sampled multiple times per chip (oversampling), leading to a stationary vector-valued received signal. Hence, such a model represents a very particular multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system with plentiful side information in terms of distinct spreading waveforms for the input signals. Depending upon the finite impulse response (FIR) length of the propagation channel, and the processing gain, the channel of a certain user spans a certain number of symbol periods, thus inducing memory or intersymbol interference (ISI) in the received signal in addition to the multiple-access interference (MAI) contributed by concurrent users. The desired user’s multipath channel estimate is obtained by means of a new blind technique which exploits the spreading sequence of the user and the second-order statistics of the received signal. The blind minimum mean square error-zero forcing (MMSE-ZF) receiver or projection receiver is subsequently obtained. This receiver represents the proper generalization of the anchored MOE receiver [1] to the asynchronous case with delay spread. Classification of linear receivers obtained by various criteria is provided and the MMSE-ZF receiver is shown to be obtainable in a decentralized fashion by proper implementation of the unbiased minimum output energy (MOE) receiver, leading to the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) receiver for the signal of the desired user. This MVDR receiver is then adapted blindly by applying Capon’s principle. A channel impulse response is obtained as a by-product. Lower bounds on the receiver filter length are derived, giving a measure of the ISI and MAI tolerable by the receiver and ensuring its identifiability.     

Generalized quadratic receivers for orthogonal signals over theGaussian channel with unknown phase/fading

The orthogonal signal structure has been shown to be the superposition of an antipodal signal set and an unmodulated (pilot tone) component which can be used for channel measurement. Starting from this point of view, the quadratic receiver for orthogonal signals over the Gaussian channel with unknown phase/fading has been shown to be equivalent to a detector-estimator receiver. The estimator makes an optimum estimate of the unknown complex channel gain based on the channel measurement provided by the unmodulated component of the received signal. This channel estimate then forms a (partially) coherent reference for the detector in detecting the data carried by the antipodal signaling component of the received signal. This paper exploits this detector-estimator structure of the quadratic receiver, and generalizes it to a receiver in which the estimator makes an estimate of the channel gain in each signaling interval based on the totality of signals received over all the signaling intervals or a subset of these intervals. The generalized quadratic receiver is just as simple to implement as the conventional quadratic receiver, and theoretical and simulation results show that it can achieve substantial performance gains over the conventional receiver. A theory is presented to show that the generalized quadratic receiver is an implementable approximation to the optimum symbol-by-symbol receiver for uncoded orthogonal signals over the Gaussian channel with unknown phase/fading. The theory shows that the structure provides a unified and systematic approach to the design of coherent symbol-by-symbol receivers, and shows that the conventional carrier-loop-type receivers are ad hoc