咖啡因和维生素E对鸡精液冷冻效果影响的研究

本试验用一种冷冻效果较好的稀释液配方作为基础液,采用常规冷冻和解冻技术,研究不同浓度咖啡因和维生素E对鸡精液冷冻的影响。咖啡因在稀释液中的浓度分别为0、2、5、8、10 mmol/L,维生素E在稀释液中的浓度分别为0、1、8、15、20 mg/mL。试验结果表明,当咖啡因浓度为5 mmol/L、维生素E浓度为15 mg/mL时,精子的冻后活力和复苏率显著地高于其他各组。     

稀释液中添加维生素E对宠物犬精液冷冻效果的影响

在宠物犬冷冻精液稀释液中添加质量浓度为0,200,400,600μg/mL的维生素E,以观察对精液冷冻效果的影响。结果表明:冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E 400μg/mL时,解冻后精子活力显著高于对照组(P0.05);畸形率极显著低于对照组(P0.01),各浓度维生素E组精子解冻后体外存活时间均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),解冻后精子顶体完整率和冻后精子运动速率(VAP、VSL、VCLL)较对照组都有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综合各项指标后表明以质量浓度为400μg/mL维生素E组的效果最好。     

咖啡因对猪精液冷冻的影响及冷冻-解冻方法的优化

本试验对猪精液冷冻保护液中添加咖啡因的作用进行了研究,并优化冷冻-解冻程序,提高0.5 mL细管猪精液冷冻解冻后的质量。在预先设计稀释液配方的基础上,使咖啡因终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL,选择最佳咖啡因浓度,选出最优组合与传统的TCG稀释液和商业用Androhep CryoGuardTM冷冻稀释液进行比较,比较3种不同的冷冻曲线对猪冷冻精液解冻后精子品质的影响,最后对38℃下30 s、50℃下13 s 2种解冻方法进行比较。结果表明,咖啡因浓度为0.2、0.4mg/mL的精子冷冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率显著高于00、.6 mg/mL(P0.05),最佳添加浓度为0.2 mg/mL;预设计的稀释液配方及冷冻方案优于传统的TCG法(P0.05),但与Androhep CryoGuardTM稀释液(美国商业用)有一定差距(P0.05);A曲线在猪精液冷冻-解冻后活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率方面均显著优于B和C冷冻曲线(P0.05);50℃水浴解冻13 s显著优于38℃解冻30 s(P0.05)。     

稀释液中添加维生素E对绒山羊冷冻精液品质的影响

在绒山羊精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的维生素E,比较其对绒山羊冷冻精液品质的影响。结果表明:维生素E添加量为0.8～1.2 mg/mL时精子解冻后活率和顶体完整率显著高于对照组和其他各添加组(P<0.05);维生素E添加量为0.8～2.0 mg/mL时,畸形率显著低于对照组和其他各添加组(P<0.05);维生素E添加量为1.2 mg/mL时,质膜完整率显著高于对照组和其他各添加组(P<0.05)。说明适量的添加维生素E可以提高绒山羊精液冷冻的效果,且稀释液中维生素E的适宜添加量为0.8～1.2 mg/mL。     

咖啡因对猪精液冷冻的影响及冷冻－解冻方法的优化

本试验对猪精液冷冻保护液中添加咖啡因的作用进行了研究,并优化冷冻－解冻程序,提高0.5 mL细管猪精液冷冻解冻后的质量。在预先设计稀释液配方的基础上,使咖啡因终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL,选择最佳咖啡因浓度,选出最优组合与传统的TCG稀释液和商业用Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM冷冻稀释液进行比较,比较3种不同的冷冻曲线对猪冷冻精液解冻后精子品质的影响,最后对38 ℃下30 s、50 ℃下13 s 2种解冻方法进行比较。结果表明,咖啡因浓度为0.2、0.4 mg/mL的精子冷冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率显著高于0、0.6 mg/mL（P＜0.05）,最佳添加浓度为0.2 mg/mL;预设计的稀释液配方及冷冻方案优于传统的TCG法（P＜0.05）,但与Androhep〖XC1.TIF〗CryoGuardTM稀释液(美国商业用)有一定差距（P＜0.05）;A曲线在猪精液冷冻－解冻后活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率方面均显著优于B和C冷冻曲线（P＜0.05）;50 ℃水浴解冻13 s显著优于38 ℃解冻30 s（P＜0.05）。     

维生素E对秦川牛冷冻精液的抗氧化保护作用

本试验旨在研究维生素E对秦川牛细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化酶活性的影响.在稀释液中分别添加0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 mg·mL~(-1)的维生素E,将细管冻精解冻(37.5℃,30 s)后用伟力精子分析系统分析精子活力和精子顶体完整率等标准参数,并用相关试剂盒测定精浆中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果表明:当维生素E添加量为0.04mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),SOD、GSH、CAT 3种酶活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.06 mg·mL~(-1)时,冷冻-解冻后精子活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);GR和CAT酶活性与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.08 mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力、活率及顶体完整率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),GSH与对照相组比差异极显著(P<0.01),GR及CAT与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).在冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E可以有效提高冷冻-解冻后秦川牛精液品质及精浆中SOD、CAT、GSH、GR酶的活性,稀释液中维生素E的适宜添加量为0.04～0.08 mg·mL~(-1).     

稀释液中添加维生素E对和田羊冷冻精液品质的影响

在和田羊精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同浓度的维生素E,比较其对和田羊冷冻精液品质的影响。结果表明：维生素E添加量为1．2mg／mL时精子解冻后活率（43．56％）显著高于对照组（34．14％）和其他各添加组（P〈0．05）;顶体完整率（51．39％）极显著高于对照组（40．12％）和其他各添加组（P〈0．01）。说明在冷冻精液稀释液中添加适当浓度维生素E可以减缓冷冻对精子的伤害,有效提高和田羊冷冻一解冻后精子活率,改善冷冻精液的品质。     

维生素C对山羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

在山羊精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同质量浓度的维生素C(VC),分别为0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0mg/mL,冻融后,比较不同VC浓度下精子活率、顶体完整率和存活时间,旨在研究山羊精液冷冻保存效果最好时的VC浓度。结果表明:在山羊精液冷冻稀释液中添加一定质量浓度的VC时,能提高精液的品质。当VC质量浓度在0.5~1.0mg/mL时,随着浓度的增加,解冻后的精液品质呈上升趋势;当VC质量浓度大于1.0mg/mL时,随着浓度的增加,解冻后的精液品质呈下降趋势;VC质量浓度为1.0mg/mL时,精液冷冻保存效果最好。     

精液稀释液中添加维生素C和E对陆川猪精液冷冻效果的影响

为了研究维生素C和E作为精液冷冻保护剂对陆川猪细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化物酶活性影响的影响,在精液稀释液中分别添加0、300、600以及900μg/m L的维生素C或E,对陆川猪稀释精液进行冷冻-解冻处理后,检测精液冻后的精子活力、运动速率、线粒体活性、顶体和质膜完整性、存活时间等常规参数,采用试剂盒测定精浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱胺肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)的活性。结果表明:精液稀释液中添加300μg/m L的维生素C可显著提高冻后精子的体外存活时间以及CAT酶活性(P0.05);同浓度的维生素E仅可提高精子的存活时间(P0.05);添加600μg/m L的维生素C或E可以显著提高解冻精子的活力、线粒体活性、质膜和顶体完整性、存活时间以及抗氧化物酶活性(P0.05),同时明显降低精子畸形率(P0.05);当维生素C或E添加量为900μg/m L时,虽可提高线粒体活性、质膜和顶体完整性、CAT酶活等部分指标参数(P0.05),但精子活力与对照组相比没有差异(P0.05)。提示:冷冻稀释液中添加600μg/m L的维生素C或E可以显著提高陆川猪精液冷冻保存效果。     

咖啡因和维生素E对提高山羊冻精成活率的试验

将不同浓度的咖啡力维生素E添加于冷冻前的山羊稀释精液中，测定对冷冻后山羊精子成活率的影响。结果表明：5mmol/L咖啡因和15mg/ml 的维生素E同时加入山羊稀释精液中，精子解冻后活率达0．46±0．037，显高于对照组0．15。     

抗氧化剂对马精子低温及冷冻保存效果的影响

试验旨在研究不同抗氧化剂对马精子低温保存及冷冻效果的影响。选取6匹英纯血种公马作为试验动物,以INRA82液作为基础稀释液（对照组）,分别添加谷氨酰胺（0.015 g/mL）、甘氨酸（0.019 g/mL）、半胱氨酸（0.024 g/mL）、甲硫氨酸（0.015 g/mL）、牛磺酸（0.063 g/mL）、维生素C（0.4 mg/mL）、维生素E（0.5 mg/mL）、褪黑素（0.001 mg/mL）制备成含有不同抗氧化剂的低温保存和冷冻保存稀释液,将浓缩处理后的马精子分别置于上述稀释液中保存或冷冻,检测低温保存48 h后精子运动参数,评价抗氧化剂对精子低温保存的影响;检测精子冻融后运动参数、精子质膜完整性、线粒体膜电势及顶体完整性,评价抗氧化剂对精子冷冻效果的影响。结果表明,精子低温保存48 h后,添加牛磺酸组活精子比例和前向运动精子比例显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,添加维生素C组前向运动精子比例显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。冷冻解冻后结果表明,添加不同抗氧化剂没有改善精子冻融后活精子比例和前向运动精子比例,但添加甲硫氨酸显著延长了精子体外存活能力（P<0.05）;添加不同抗氧化剂精子质膜完整性与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05）,但甲硫氨酸和甘氨酸组有高于对照组的趋势;添加维生素E和甲硫氨酸组精子线粒体膜电势显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,不同抗氧化剂组精子顶体完整性与对照组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示,低温保存时添加牛磺酸和维生素C可以提高精液低温保存效果;冷冻时添加甲硫氨酸能提高精子质膜完整性和线粒体膜电势,且能够延长精子冻融后的存活时间。     

Effects of Antioxidants on the Quality of Hypothermic Preservation and Frozen-thawed Equine Semen

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of various antioxidants, namely glutamine (0.015 g/mL), glycine (0.019 g/mL), cysteine (0.024 g/mL), methionine (0.015 g/mL), taurine (0.063 g/mL), vitamin C (0.4 mg/mL), vitamin E (0.5 mg/mL) and melatonin (0.001 mg/mL) on equine sperm quality after chill or freeze-thaw.Semen were collected from 6 adult thoroughbred stallions, INRA82 was used as the base extender (control group), adding INRA82 with different antioxidants was used in experimental group. Assess the effect of antioxidants on semen by detecting motion parameters after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. Motion parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential were used to evaluate semen quality after thawing. The extender supplemented with 25 mmol/L taurine led to higher TM and PM, and supplemented with 0.4 mg/mL vitamin C obtained significant higher PM compared with control group (P<0.05) after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. The freeze extender supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL vitamin E or 0.015 g/mL methionine significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential compare with control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed for PMI and acrosomes integrity rate after frozen-thawed (P>0.05), but there was a trend that PMI of adding methionine and glycine group was higher than control group. The results suggested that extender supplemented with taurine and vitamin C could improve the semen preservation effect, and the extender supplemented with methionine could improve plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential of thawing sperm, and also could prolong the survival time of frozen thawed sperm.     

CLC对冻融牛精子体外获能及抗氧化、抗凋亡能力的影响

本研究目的是评价CLC对牛冻融精子获能、抗氧化及抗凋亡能力的影响。试验分对照组和CLC处理组(0.5、1.0、1.5及2.0 mg/mL),检测冻融牛精子体外获能后的酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及冻融牛精子抗氧化基因和细胞凋亡基因的表达。结果:1)在0.5 mg/mL CLC处理组冷冻效果最好,与对照组和1.0 mg/mL CLC处理组相比无显著差异;2)冻融牛精子获能处理后,在1.0 mg/mL CLC处理组精子蛋白酪氨酸磷酸化水平最高,与对照组相比无显著差异;3)在0.5 mg/mL CLC处理组冻融牛精子抗氧化基因CAT、GPX和SOD的表达量与对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05);4)在0.5和1.0 mg/mL CLC处理组凋亡基因Caspase-3、Caspase-8和BAX的表达量与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:添加CLC可以改进冻融牛精子获能和抗氧化、抗凋亡能力。     

Improved conception rates in sows inseminated with cryopreserved boar spermatozoa prepared with a more optimal combination of osmolality and glycerol in the freezing extender

Cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) are added in freezing extenders to prevent intracellular ice crystal formation. However, it has been reported that high dose of CPAs confer toxicity on spermatozoa. Recently, the reduction of intracellular water by a high osmolality solution has also resulted in the suppression of ice crystal formation in spermatozoa, suggesting that the optimal combination of glycerol concentration and freezing extender osmolality could contribute to the development of effective sperm cryopreservation techniques. In this study, we investigated the motility, membrane and acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa treated with freezing extender (NSF) of varying osmolalities (300, 400, 500 mOsm/kg) and final concentrations of glycerol (0.5, 1, 2, 3%). The spermatozoa that were treated at 400 mOsm/kg and 2% glycerol showed significantly higher rates of motility and membrane integrity compared with those in other treatment groups. In addition, the conception and implantation rates of swine artificially inseminated with spermatozoa frozen by the novel freezing extender (conception; 79%, implantation; 57.5%) were significantly higher than those of frozen-thawed spermatozoa treated in the conventional NSF (300 mOsm/kg, 3% glycerol) (conception; 29%, implantation; 33.8%). From these results, we concluded that the novel hyperosmotic (400 mOsm/kg) and low-glycerol (final concentration 2%) freezing extender is beneficial for the cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa.     

海藻糖对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

在传统的Tris-柠檬酸-葡萄糖稀释液基础上，分别添加25％、50％、75％、100％的海藻糖，研究不同浓度海藻糖对猪精液冷冻后精子质量的影响。结果表明，海藻糖相对于对照TCG稀释液能够显著改善和提高猪精液的冷冻效果，其最佳添加浓度为25％，冷冻-解冻后猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整性以及顶体完整率均显著提高（P〈0．05），分别达到41．38％、46．34％、44．56％、43．51％和64．09％。海藻糖可以明显抑制精子获能，获能处理前精子获能率仅为3．68％，而获能处理后达到41．82％，有利于促进精子获能。精液稀释液中甘油的适宜添加浓度为2％，海藻糖只有与甘油共同作用，才能在冷冻-解冻过程更加有效地保护精子。猪精子活力、活率、线粒体活性、质膜完整率、顶体完整率等之间存在极显著的正相关关系（P〈0．01），而与获能处理前精子的获能率存在显著的负相关关系（P〈0．05）。     

The Effect of Removal of Seminal Plasma, Egg Yolk Level and Season on Sperm Freezability of Canary Buck (Capra hircus)

Goat semen is different from that of other domestic species in its limited tolerance to the inclusion of egg yolk in the freezing medium, and this tolerance depends on the presence of enzymes in the seminal plasma that react with egg yolk, producing toxic compounds to the spermatozoa. Moreover, the goat is a seasonal breeder that shows variations in semen quality throughout the year, and those variations may affect semen freezability; hence in freezing protocols, for instance, removal of seminal plasma (washing) yields varying results. This work was designed to study this problem in Canary goats: semen from six males was collected in spring, autumn or winter, washed or non-washed, diluted in a freezing extender with 1.5, 6 or 12% egg yolk, frozen, and thawed after 2 days, 2 or 6 months of cryopreservation. The effect of egg yolk concentration in the freezing extender was far more important than the effect of washing or season on sperm cryosurvival. The quality of frozen-thawed semen tended to improve as egg yolk concentration increased regardless of the effects of season, washing or period of cryopreservation. Washing produced a positive effect on frozen-thawed semen collected during spring or autumn, but the difference decreased as the concentration of yolk increased. However, washing produced a negative effect on frozen-thawed semen collected during winter, diluted with either 6 or 12% egg yolk. There was no apparent seasonal effect on gross measures of sperm production but the seasonal effect was ever present and was reinforced by freezing.     

Post-thaw viability of european bison (Bison bonasus) semen frozen with extenders containing egg yolk or lipids of plant origin and examined with a heterologous in vitro fertilization assay.

Basic characteristics of European bison (Bison bonasus) semen were described and the efficacies of two extenders-Triladyl, containing egg yolk, and a synthetic extender, containing soybean lipids-were tested for semen cryopreservation. Seven ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation from a 10-yr-old, European bison bull. Each ejaculate was diluted at 37 degrees C to a final concentration of 200 x 10(6) sperm/ml with Triladyl or the synthetic extender. Extended semen samples were frozen according to a standard bull semen freezing protocol. After 2 wk of storage, one straw from each extender and ejaculate was thawed, and postthaw quality was evaluated by individual sperm motility and movement rate, numbers of sperm morphologic abnormalities and intact acrosomes, functional integrity of the sperm membranes determined by hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), viability (live-dead, eosin-nigrosin stain), and a heterologous in vitro sperm penetration assay (SPA). A total of 600 in vitro-matured bovine oocytes were inseminated with 1 X 10(6) spermatozoa of Holstein semen frozen-thawed in Triladyl (control) or of European bison semen frozen in Triladyl or the synthetic extender. Nuclear status of the oocytes was determined after 18 h of sperm-oocyte coincubation. Extender had no effect on any evaluated parameters of semen after dilution and cooling (4 hr at 5 degrees C) or in postthaw individual motility, quality of movement, and sperm morphology. However, significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, intact membranes (HOST), and viable sperm (P < 0.01) were in semen frozen in Triladyl than in the synthetic extender. Mean values for heterologous SPA for bull (control) and for bison semen frozen in the synthetic extender were very much alike-63.3+/-10.6% and 63.1 +/- 15.9%, respectively; bison semen frozen in Triladyl was lower, 43.0+/-24.2% but not significantly different. Cumulative results from a variety of viability assays of diluted/cooled and frozen-thawed semen, including the heterologous SPA, suggest that European bison semen can be successfully frozen in both extenders tested in this study.