基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计

针对传统稀疏阵列波达方向（DOA）估计算法在小快拍数、低信噪比和多信源数等条件下的估计精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于TOEPLITZ重构的压缩感知嵌套阵列DOA估计方法。首先利用TOEPLITZ重构方法将虚拟阵列的输出信号向量构建成满秩协方差矩阵,然后利用信号在空间域的稀疏性,将阵列协方差矩阵进行稀疏表示,通过噪声子空间和信号子空间的正交关系构建权值向量,对稀疏向量进行加权约束,最后通过求解最优化方程获取入射信源的DOA估计。仿真结果表明,本文方法比传统稀疏阵列DOA估计算法在低信噪比、小快拍数和多信源数下具有更好的DOA估计性能。     

基于L型和差嵌套阵的二维波达方向估计

针对传统L型均匀阵列二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计中可估计信源数目受限于阵元数、分辨率低等问题,提出了一种新的L型和差嵌套阵列结构。该L型阵列的两个子阵布置相同,是非均匀的稀疏阵,通过阵元位置之间的差分、求和操作达到虚拟扩展阵元数目的效果,从而提升阵列的自由度。采用该阵列进行二维DOA估计时,两个子阵分别先进行一维的DOA估计,再采用PSCM（Pair-matching Signal Covariance Matrices）算法进行一维角度配对。每个子阵进行一维波达方向估计时,先采用VCAM（Vectorized Conjugate Augmented MUSIC）算法生成非均匀稀疏阵的求和求差协方差矩阵,再采用矩阵重构的方法恢复协方差矩阵的秩,最后对协方差矩阵采用MUSIC（Multiple Signal Classification）算法进行DOA估计。实验仿真表明,本阵列有着更高的自由度和估计精度。      

基于L型阵列酉变换矩阵重构的二维DOA估计

二维空间信号波达方向（DOA）的估计是阵列信号处理的一个关键研究问题。经典的二维 MUSIC算法固然精度高,但此算法需要二维谱峰搜索,运算较为复杂。提出一种用于L型阵列的二维DOA估计算法,通过矩阵重构使得阵列输出矩阵变为中心对称矩阵,再利用酉变换矩阵将其由复值矩阵变为实值矩阵。该方法可以直接得到目标参数,不需要谱峰搜索,使得运算量大大降低。相比于 L 型阵列适用的增广矩阵束（MEMP）算法,该算法可以估计更多信源的DOA,并能获得较高的分辨率。计算机仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的DOA估计精度。     

基于协方差矩阵重构的互质阵列DOA估计

针对利用拓展的虚拟阵列的最大连续均匀阵列进行波达方向估计未完全利用虚拟阵列全部信息的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟阵列插值的矩阵重构DOA估计算法。该算法首先通过互质阵列导出的非均匀虚拟阵列,引入虚拟阵列插值的思想来构造一个均匀的线性虚拟阵列;然后提出一个凸优化问题,重构等效接收信号的协方差矩阵;最后优化协方差矩阵的相应矢量的首个元素,利用重构的协方差矩阵进行DOA估计。该算法充分利用虚拟阵列中包含的信息,与利用拓展的虚拟阵列的最大连续均匀阵列进行DOA估计相比,提高了估计自由度和分辨率。     

单快拍数据的分布式二维阵列测角方法研究

该文针对2维阵列波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于单快拍数据的分布式2维DOA估计算法。该算法首先利用每个子阵单元的单快拍数据进行2维Hankle矩阵构造;然后基于2维状态空间平衡法分别获得方位角和俯仰角子阵单元内DOA估计与子阵单元间DOA估计;最后通过解模糊算法获得方位角和俯仰角高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法较好地解决了子阵单元内DOA估计和子阵单元间DOA估计之间的配对问题以及俯仰角和方位角之间配对问题,充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性;同时该算法可直接对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于协方差矩阵加权截断核范数的DOA估计

针对互质阵列通过差联合处理得到具有高自由度的虚拟阵列存在空洞位置,导致子空间类算法不适用、阵元利用率不足等问题,文中提出了一种基于加权截断核范数的协方差矩阵重构的波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先根据虚拟域信号表达式和空洞位置构建待填充矩阵;然后,利用最小化加权截断核范数实现阵列插值;最后,迭代重构接收信号协方差矩阵得到角度功率谱估计。仿真结果表明：所提算法可快速准确地实现DOA参数估计,相比基于最小化核范数和截断核函数正则化的DOA估计算法,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,在快拍数小和信噪比低的情况下均具有较高的估计精度。     

互质MIMO雷达的非圆信号降维DOA估计方法北大核心CSCD

针对传统互质阵列波达方向估计方法存在的自由度低、阵列孔径小、相位模糊等问题,提出了一种基于互质MIMO雷达的非圆信号降维波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计方法。该方法结合了互质阵列与MIMO雷达的优点,利用非圆信号特性对阵列进行扩展,重构接收信号矩阵,然后进行降维处理,并利用噪声特征值的幂级数对噪声子空间进行修正,进一步提高算法精度。最后推导了文中方法的无相位模糊问题。仿真实验表明,文中方法能够有效避免相位模糊,大大提高自由度并扩大阵列孔径,与传统MUSIC算法以及互质阵列MUSIC算法相比,在估计成功率、DOA估计精度等方面均具有更好的性能。     

干扰条件下的“北斗”信号解扩重构DOA估计

在干扰条件下，卫星导航抗干扰波束形成算法往往需要卫星信号波达方向（Direction-of-Arrival，DOA）的先验信息。但当存在低信噪比信号或主动干扰源时，常规的DOA估计算法性能急剧下降甚至失效。针对此问题，提出了一种被干扰信号压制的低信噪比“北斗”信号的DOA估计算法。该算法首先通过对接收信号进行子空间投影抑制干扰信号，然后对抑制干扰后的信号进行解扩重构处理，最后通过多重信号分类算法完成对“北斗”信号的DOA估计。仿真结果表明，在干扰信号干信比80 dB条件下，“北斗”信号DOA估计误差在5°以内，为下一步进行波束形成计算提供了高精度的入射角信息。     

互质阵列DOA估计性能综合分析北大核心CSCD

互质阵列是近年来兴起的新型阵列,能显著提高阵列自由度,处理信源数大于阵元数时的波达方向(DOA)估计,且能提高角度分辨率和测角精度。文中根据互质阵物理阵元和虚拟阵元特点,结合多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法提出适用于互质阵基于物理阵列和虚拟阵列的DOA估计方法。该方法以非相干信号源为研究对象,利用互质阵列建立信号接收模型,基于物理阵列的DOA估计方法根据互质阵物理阵元位置特点推导其导向矢量,然后根据导向矢量计算回波信号数据和信号协方差矩阵,最后利用MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。基于虚拟阵列的DOA估计方法根据其虚拟阵元数据特点在向量化协方差矩阵并去冗余后选取连续虚拟阵元接收数据,然后对新协方差矩阵进行一维Toeplitz平滑重构,最后利用MUSIC算法或求根MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。与等阵元数的均匀线阵进行对比,仿真实验验证了互质阵列DOA估计性能的优越性。     

基于稀疏采样阵列优化的APG-MUSIC算法

针对稀疏阵列下2维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,该文提出一种基于稀疏采样阵列优化的加速逼近梯度(APG)算法与多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法相结合的2D-DOA估计方法。首先,建立稀疏阵列下的2D-DOA估计信号模型,并证明其具备低秩特征,满足零空间性质(NSP)。其次,为提高稀疏阵列下矩阵填充方法重构接收信号矩阵性能和以此为基础的2D-DOA估计精度,提出基于遗传算法(GA)的稀疏采样阵列优化方法。最后,将APG和MUSIC算法相结合,在重构完整平面阵列接收信号矩阵的基础上完成2维波达方向估计。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法在保证2维波达方向估计精度前提下,大幅提高阵元利用率,有效降低空间谱平均旁瓣,与常规2D-DOA估计方法相比具有优势。     

Two-Step Sparse Representation Based 2D DOA Estimation with Single Moving Acoustic Vector Sensor

This paper investigates the two dimensional direction of arrival (2D DOA) estimation problem of multiple sources with one single moving acoustic vector sensor (AVS). We first use one single moving AVS to construct a synthetic nested AVS array, which is later shown that is equivalent to the physical nested AVS array. Then the vectorization and row extraction operations are performed to obtain the observation vector that behaves like signals received by a virtual uniform AVS array. Finally, the 2D DOA estimation is obtained via a two-step sparse representation (SR) method, which transforms the 2D grid search to a computationally efficient 1D grid search. The Cramer-Rao bound comparison between the synthetic and physical nested AVS arrays shows that these two arrays are equivalent for DOA estimation. Based on the property of the nested arrays and the full utilization of the array aperture via SR, the proposed method can achieve better estimation performance than spatial smoothing methods with nested AVS arrays and methods with uniform AVS arrays. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed synthetic array method.

     

基于人工噪声辅助的D2D异构蜂窝安全通信方法

A secure communication scheme based on artificial noise assisted from base station(BS)was proposed to improve the system secrecy rate of the D2D underlaying cellular.Firstly,the system secrecy rate was modeled.Then the BS with multi-antennas added artificial noise(AN)in cellular user’s signal as well as designed beam vectors of the desired signal and artificial noise to maximize system secrecy rate.In the end,a joint optimization scheme based on the fairness constraint was introduced to optimize beam vectors of the desired signal,the power allocation for BS’s information signal and AN and the D2D power control.Simulation results show that the system ergodic secrecy rate can be improved 2.7 bit·s^?1·Hz^?1more than the schemes based on SVD and zero-forcing at most.     

Subspace extension algorithm for 2D DOA estimation with L-shaped sparse array

A subspace extension algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with an L-shaped array is proposed. This L-shaped array is comprised of two orthogonal sparse linear arrays (SLAs). Each SLA consists of two different uniform linear arrays. The cross-correlation matrix of received data is used to construct two extended signal subspaces, by which the azimuth angles and elevation angles can be estimated independently. The procedure used to extend signal subspace only needs a small amount of calculation. Then, an effective pair-matching method is addressed to pair the estimated elevation angles and azimuth angles. Although the signal subspaces are extended, the complexity of the proposed 2D DOA estimation algorithm is lower than many similar algorithms. Simulation results indicate the availability of the proposed pairing-matching method and subspace extension algorithm.     

2D DOA estimation for noncircular sources using L-shaped sparse array

We present an algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of noncircular sources using an L-shaped sparse array. An L-shaped sparse array consisting of two co-prime arrays is firstly introduced. Then, the fourth-order-cumulants (FOCs) of received data are used to construct a FOC matrix (FOCM), by which we can get the estimations of elevation angles. With the estimated elevation angles, the azimuth angles can be estimated by a low-complexity signal separation algorithm. During the procedure used for estimating azimuth angles, no any eigenvalue decomposition (EVD), peak search and pair-matching procedure need to be implemented. Although the aperture is extended significantly, the computation complexity of proposed algorithm still is acceptable. Compared with some analogous algorithms, our approach shows more attractive estimation performance. A lot of simulation results prove the advantages of proposed DOA estimation technology.     

On selecting transmission mode for D2D transmitter in underlay cellular network with a multi-antenna base station

The Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is considered in this study. The D2D transmitter in the D2D mode can directly transmit messages to a receiver, but it may interfere with the transmission of another cellular user who shares the same uplink channel. The transmitter can also operate in a cellular mode in which no interference to another cellular user occurs. We propose a mode selection scheme that aims to minimize the transmission power of the D2D transmitter subject to constraints on the minimum required data rate and maximum interference to other cellular users. The proposed scheme is based on bounds for transmission power and is less complex than the optimal scheme. Furthermore, it requires only a few statistics and does not need a fading channel distribution. The performance of the scheme is close to optimum when the number of Base Station (BS) antennas is large, and the mean absolute deviation of the fading terms is small. We verify this with numerical results of the Rician and Rayleigh fading channels by assuming that the BS antennas are independent. The simulation results for the two correlated BS antennas are presented herein.     

Compressive sensing power control for interference management in D2D underlaid massive MIMO systems

This paper introduces a sparsity controlled multiple random access scheme for efficient user scheduling in Device-to-Device (D2D) underlaid massive MIMO systems. In order to both avoid collision and enhance the Energy Efficiency (EE) of two-tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (HCNs), a unified Compressed Sensing (CS) based interference management strategy is proposed which guarantees concurrent cellular and D2D multi-user transmissions without collision. Specifically, supposing the natural sparsity in practical fifth generation (5G) scenarios and employing the sparse signal processing techniques, an analytical random access based model is adopted where provides several user scheduling and channel gain constraints to permit user identification, channel estimation and data decoding simultaneously. Furthermore, by developing a tractable tradeoff between the total power consumption and overall throughput of D2D tier, the transmission power is optimized such that the EE of D2D tier is maximized. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of suggested approach to improve the collision avoidance capability and EE of D2D underlaid massive MIMO systems, even for crowded scenarios where the sparsity constraint does not meet sufficiently.     

基于行列合成的实值二维Root-MUSIC算法

在低仰角及多径环境下,常规二维波达方向估计的高分辨方法需要特征值分解或者多维搜索,运算量巨大,文中提出了一种基于行列合成处理和实值二维Root-MUSIC测角的双迭代方法.该方法由某个初始二维角度出发,首先进行行列合成,将面阵接收的数据矩阵合成为行列矢量,然后用实值Root-MUSIC分别估计俯仰角和方位角,最后由更新的二维角度重构加权向量,对阵列数据进行行列合成并重新估计二维角度,其迭代直至得到的二维角度满足给定的精度.该方法操作简单、收敛速度快,由于引入了实值域处理,在对多径信号解相关的同时进一步降低了运算量.计算机仿真结果证实了该方法估计低仰角信号的二维波达方向的正确有效性.     

分布式嵌套阵列及其DOA估计

提出了一种分布式嵌套阵列天线结构,由两个相互独立的四级嵌套子阵构成。两个子阵间存在一个基线长度,且满足一定条件。对该阵列天线接收到的信号进行高阶累积量和Khatri-Rao积运算可以得到三个完全相同的均匀直线阵列天线结构。针对新得到的阵列天线结构,使用基于空间平滑技术的双尺度酉旋转不变子空间( ESPRIT)波达方向( DOA)估计算法对信号进行DOA估计。该方法可以有效地提高阵列天线的自由度,进而达到提高估计精度的目地。仿真结果证明了基于所提出阵列天线结构的DOA估计方法的有效性。     

DOA error estimation in 3D cylindrical dipole array geometries including the mutual coupling effect

The direction of arrival (DOA) error in dipole 3D arrays is estimated through Monte-Carlo simulations using the standard MUSIC algorithm. Novel 3D geometries are implemented which demonstrate better precision given the same lateral area. The mutual coupling effect is included by changing the search vector in the MUSIC DOA algorithm for the novel 3D geometries. A simple straight forward method is used which does not need complex electromagnetic computations. Simulations show that the proposed method can successfully account for the mutual coupling effects in two dimensional direction finding (both azimuth and elevation angle) with novel 3D array geometries. Reduced DOA estimation error is observed in the novel geometries which can be used as a method of mitigation for the mutual coupling effect.     

Computationally Efficient 2‐D DOA Estimation Using Two Parallel Uniform Linear Arrays

new computationally efficient algorithm‐based propagator method for two‐dimensional (2‐D) direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed, which uses two parallel uniform linear arrays. The algorithm takes advantage of the special structure of the array which enables 2‐D DOA estimation without pair matching. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves very accurate estimation at a computational cost 4 dB lower than that of standard methods.