海洋细菌抑菌活性菌株的筛选

从不同海区的海洋底质，生物样，水样中分离到480株海洋细菌，其中包括150株芽孢细菌和108株粪大肠杆菌，利用纸片法对其抑菌活性进行检测，结果表明：117株海洋细菌具有抑菌活性，占总分离菌株的24.4%；一般细菌，芽孢细菌，粪大肠杆菌的抑菌活性菌株分别占各供测菌株的17.1%,27.3%,35.2%；抑菌活性菌株的比例与样品来源密切相关，且各类海洋细菌的抗菌谱有很大的不同。     

舟山沿海有抗菌活性菌株的筛选及鉴定

为了筛选开发新的活性物质,从舟山海域附近的海水、海泥、鲻鱼、斜带髭鲷的肠道中分离到120株菌株,以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、苏云金芽胞杆菌、黑曲霉、白假丝酵母为指示菌,采用双层琼脂法筛选到具有抗菌活性的菌株8株,其中菌株NF19表现出较好抗菌活性,对其进行16S rDNA序列分析,结果显示NF19是唾液乳杆菌.     

广西钦州湾红树林抗菌活性菌株Erwinia sp. 5-8的筛选及发酵条件的优化

以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用琼脂扩散法从国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质重点实验室广西钦州湾红树林微生物资源库中筛选获得一株具有明显抑菌效果的菌株5-8,对该菌株进行了分子鉴定与系统发育分析。结果表明,此菌为欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)。通过单因子试验对其发酵条件进行了优化,优化后发酵条件为:最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳碳源为葡萄糖,发酵培养基初始pH值为8.0,发酵温度为25℃,盐度为1.5,摇瓶装液量30%,接种量为1%(V种子液∶V培养液=1∶100)。     

光棘球海胆(Strongylocentrotus nudus)酚氧化酶氧化产物的抗菌特性研究

本文通过线性连续梯度非变性电泳结合邻苯二酚发色法分离纯化了光棘球海胆(Strongylocentrotus nudus)体腔液上清中的酚氧化酶(PO),然后通过生长曲线测定法进行了光棘球海胆PO氧化产物的抗菌特性分析。结果显示:(1)光棘球海胆体腔液上清中存在3种PO(Sn PO1,Sn PO2,Sn PO3),在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中与邻苯二酚反应分别呈现褐色、黄色和紫色;(2)以多巴胺为底物时,Sn PO1的氧化产物对灿烂弧菌Vibrio splendidus、哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus有抗菌作用,Sn PO2氧化产物对哈维氏弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和拟诺卡式菌Nocardiopsis sp.有抗菌作用,Sn PO3氧化产物仅对哈维氏弧菌和拟诺卡式菌有抗菌作用;(3)以左旋多巴为底物时,仅Sn PO2氧化产物对拟诺卡式菌有抗菌作用;(4)光棘球海胆PO氧化产物对假交替单胞菌Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens、希瓦氏菌Shewanella baltica和溶壁微球菌Micrococcus lysodeikticus的生长无明显影响。上述结果表明,在光棘球海胆中,PO氧化产物具有窄谱抗菌活性,多巴胺氧化产物的抗菌活力高于左旋多巴氧化产物,并且不同PO亚型的氧化产物具有不同的抗菌谱和抗菌特性。     

北极海洋沉积物高抗氧化活性菌株的筛选及其多样性分析

利用过氧化氢耐受性实验对北极海洋沉积物中具有高抗氧化活性的菌株进行初筛,通过其对DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子清除能力的测定进一步验证其抗氧化能力;并对其进行了分子鉴定与系统发育分析。根据过氧化氢耐受性实验,从145株供测菌株中筛选出25株对过氧化氢具有较强耐受性的抗氧化活性菌株,占总供测菌株的17.2%;其对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子均具有较强的清除能力,可分别高达84.15%,88.61%和45.77%。基于16SrRNA基因的分子鉴定与系统发育分析表明,筛选出的25株活性菌株多样性较高,分别属于细菌域的5个纲,15个属,20个种;其中以γ-Proteobactria纲的菌株数量最多。北极海域的海洋沉积物中存在着丰富的具抗氧化活性的菌株资源,将为了解极地微生物的抗氧胁迫机制及极地来源的新型生物活性物质的研发打下一定的基础。     

深圳福田红树林生态中放线菌的筛选及其抗菌活性测定

从深圳福田红树林根际于不同季节采集的3份土样和2份水样中分离得到95株放线菌,94%的放线菌为链霉菌科。测定95株放线菌发酵液对病菌的抗菌活性,82%的放线菌发酵液有不同程度的抗菌作用,对革兰氏阳性细菌(G )的抗菌作用最强。测定其中6株放线菌发酵液对细菌、霉菌和酵母的抗菌活性,各具有不同的抗菌谱:s33,s48和s68具有广谱的抗菌活性;s10和s87只能抑制细菌;s67b不能抑制革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)。s10发酵液的最小抑菌浓度<0.125μL/mL。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物的抗菌活性研究进展

甲壳素 (Ｃｈｉｔｉｎ) ,即几丁质 ,是来源于海洋无脊椎动物、真菌、昆虫的一类天然高分子聚合物 ,属于氨基多糖 ,在自然界中资源丰富［１］。而壳聚糖（Ｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎ）是甲壳素脱乙酰的产物 ,学名为 (１ ,４) ２ 氨基 ２ 脱氧 β Ｄ 葡聚糖。研究表明 ,壳聚糖有抗菌活性 ,且由于其良好的生物相容性、成膜性、无毒性和可生物降解等特性 ,在食品、医药、纺织、印染、化妆品及环保等工业上有广泛的用途。但是由于壳聚糖分子中的一些氢键作用 ( -Ｏ -Ｈ┅Ｏ -型及Ｎ -Ｈ┅Ｏ型 ) ,使其很难溶于一般的有机溶剂和水中 ,只能在酸性领域内显…     

广西北部湾可培养黏细菌资源初探及其抗菌活性研究

采用大肠杆菌诱导法和滤纸诱导法对广西北部湾不同海洋生境采集的样品进行黏细菌的分离纯化,基于菌落形态特征结合16S r RNA基因序列分析对黏细菌纯培养物进行初步鉴定。从21份海洋生境样品中共分离纯化得到38株黏细菌,隶属于4属10种,其中黏球菌属和珊瑚球菌属分别占菌株总数的63.16%和26.32%,属于优势菌属。采用VY/2培养基进行固体培养发酵,利用丙酮提取浓缩获得提取物,进一步利用滤纸片琼脂扩散法对菌株粗提物进行抗菌活性初步筛选。结果发现24株黏细菌提取物对9种指示菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,抗菌阳性率达63.16%,其中Myxococcus macrosporus (1H01)的提取物对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑制活性显著,优于阳性药(氨苄青霉素钠,1mg·mL-1)。研究结果表明广西北部湾特殊海洋生境黏细菌多样性丰富,分离出的黏细菌具有良好的抗菌活性,为新型抗生素应用研究奠定了物质基础。     

氯霉素的糖基化修饰及其抗菌活性研究

制备5种氯霉素糖基化衍生物,并对这些衍生物的抑菌活性和安全性进行初步测试。实验结果表明:1)氯霉素被糖基化后水溶性得到了明显提高;2)氯霉素糖基化衍生物时未产生抗菌活性,但经相关糖苷酶水解后,可重新表现出抗菌活性;3)小鼠急毒试验证明,氯霉素糖基化衍生物的毒副作用与原药相比显著降低。该项研究对于设计和合成类氯霉素前药开辟了新领域。     

具有免疫活性多糖海洋细菌菌株的筛选

从厦门海区潮间带的动植物体及底泥分离到的177株海洋细菌中筛选出一株高产胞外多糖的1202菌株.其产生的胞外多糖可显著地促进昆明种小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL 2(白介素 2)的合成,并对小鼠S180肉瘤具有较强的抑制作用.经初步分类鉴定,确定该菌株归属于土壤杆菌属(Agrobacteriumsp.).     

Molecular genetic diversity of bacteria in the bottom section of arctic sea ice from the Canada Basin

PCR-DGGE approach was used to analyze bacterial diversity in the bottom section of seven arctic sea ice samples colleted from the Canada Basin. Thirty-two 16S rDNA sequences were obtained from prominent DGGE bands. The closest relatives of these sequences are found to be those of cultivated or uncultured bacteria from antarctic or arctic sea ice. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these sequences or phylotypes within α- proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria and CFB (cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides) group. Sequences belonging to γ-proteobacteria were dominant and members of the CFB group were highly abundant. It was suggested that the CFB group was the representative of the bottom section of sea ice samples.     

Identification of five strains of antarctic bacteria producing low-temperature lipase

1 IntroductionMicroorganism is an important constituentof the antarctic, arctic and deep sea ecosystemswhich are characterized as permanent lowtemperature. To adapt and survive in this ex-treme environment, these microorganisms pro-duce many distinctive substances such as poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), low-tempera-ture enzymes and novel pigments, etc. (Thomasand Dieckmann, 2002). Low-temperature en-zymes have a property of higher specific activ-ity (Kcat) at low temperature. Owing to…     

一株深海耐嗜压菌的细胞毒活性次生代谢产物研究

通过CCK8法检测分离自深海一株深海耐压菌Shewanella piezotolerans WP3次生代谢产物的细胞毒活性,研究了温度、压力、噬菌体对WP3次生代谢产物细胞毒活性的影响.发现WP3次生代谢产物具有良好细胞毒活性.低温因素可提高其细胞毒活性,在100μg/cm^3的含量下,代谢产物对肿瘤细胞Bel7402、CNE2、A549、HT1080细胞毒活性均有提高,其中对A549细胞毒活性提高了1.3倍.在最适温度（20℃）情况下,高压可降低其细胞毒活性.20 MPa培养条件下,代谢产物对4株肿瘤细胞均未表现出明显活性,而常压培养条件下对SW 480具有93.3%的抑制率,对HT1080抑制率表现出87.5%,对CNE2抑制率是79.8%.在低温情况下,压力因素对其细胞毒活性无影响,噬菌体对细胞毒活性影响不大.HPLC指纹图谱分析发现不同温度条件下,其次生代谢产物指纹图谱有变化,结合细胞毒活性结果分析,为后期分离鉴定细胞毒活性化合物提供指导.     

Bathymetric segregation of sea urchins on reefs of the Canarian Archipelago: Role of flow-induced forces

We examined whether adults of three species of sea urchins species (Diadema antillarum, Arbacia lixula, and Paracentrotus lividus) exhibit a consistent depth-dependent partitioning pattern on rocky reefs of the Canarian Archipelago (eastern Atlantic). Hydrodynamic experiments were carried out to quantify the resistance to flow-induced dislodgement in these three species. We tested the model that different morphology can result in habitat partitioning among these sea urchins. Abundances of D. antillarum increased with depth. In contrast, A. lixula and P. lividus showed the opposite zonation pattern, coexisting in high abundances in the shallowest depths (<5 m), and occurring in low densities in the deepest part of reefs (>7 m). Both A. lixula and P. lividus had greater adhesion-surface to body-height ratios than D. antillarum. Similarly, A. lixula and P. lividus showed a greater ability to resist flow-induced dislodgement compared with D. antillarum. The mean “velocity of dislodgement” was 300% and 50% greater for A. lixula and P. lividus, respectively, relative to D. antillarum, for any particular size. As a result, A. lixula and P. lividus are better fitted to life in high-flow environments than D. antillarum. We conclude that the risk of dislodgement by water motion likely play a relevant role in the vertical distribution patterns of these sea urchins in the eastern Atlantic.     

产碱性纤维素酶海洋细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

用CMC平板筛选方法,从青岛近海海域海水中分离出一株产碱性纤维素酶的海洋菌株QM11,经16S rDNA鉴定,该菌株为Cytophaga fucicola.对该菌的生物学特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为27℃,生长温度范围为4～48℃,为耐冷菌;在pH7.0～8.0、含3.0%NaC1的培养基条件下,最适宜菌株生长和产酶;QM11所产碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为9.0,在碱性条件下具有较高的酶活性和较好的稳定性.Mn2+、Fe3+对酶反应具有促进作用,Cu2+、Pb2+对酶反应具有抑制作用.     

Small macro‐benthic invertebrates influence the survival,growth and behaviour of juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in the laboratory

Recent settlers of many marine benthic invertebrates are cryptic, which exposes them to a suite of animals that differs from those they may experience as adults, potentially resulting in interactions causing mortality and/or reducing growth. Previous field experiments have indicated that such is the case with small juvenile green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis but which taxa are responsible for the mortality and reduced growth was not determined. A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of small macro‐benthic invertebrates, specifically chitons, scaleworms and larger juvenile conspecifics, as well as the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms, on the mortality, growth and behaviour of small (<3 mm) juvenile sea urchins. The likelihood of survival of small juvenile sea urchins was lower in the presence of larger juvenile sea urchins or with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms than in the absence of animals. The small juvenile sea urchins survived and grew the best when they were with chitons and scaleworms. The behaviour of small sea urchins with the full suite of cobble‐dwelling organisms was more cryptic than the behaviour of urchins with scaleworms. This study indicates that interactions with the suite of small organisms living amongst cobbles can affect survival, growth and behaviour of small juvenile sea urchins, and that larger juvenile sea urchins can be a source of mortality for smaller conspecifics.     

碟形网箱水动力特性的研究

根据物模实验得到碟形网箱在不同海况条件下的受力并给出了其估算方法和公式及其相关系数的取值,同时总结了碟形网箱的运动特性。     

海洋源拮抗细菌的分离、筛选及1株拮抗芽孢杆菌的鉴定

对来自于不同海域的红树树皮、海苔(海洋生物样)和海泥(海洋底质)样品进行细菌分离,并采用管碟法测试了分离出的海洋细菌对金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、白色念珠菌Candida albicans、黑曲霉As...     

Phylogenetic analysis and biological characteristic tests of marine bacteria isolated from Southern Ocean (Indian sector) water

Fifty-seven bacteria were isolated from Southern Ocean(Indian sector) water samples which were collected from different latitude and longitude of the ocean. All the isolates were able to grow at 4°C, 20°C, 37°C and tolerable Na Cl concentration up to 13.5%(w/v). 29 out of 57 isolates were identified using 16 S rDNA amplification and the sequences were submitted to National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). All the isolates were classified by using Ribosomal Database Project(RDP) and found that isolates belongs to Proteobacteria and Bacteriodes. The average G+C content was 56.4%. The isolates were screened for the presence of extracellular enzymes, viz. amylase, catalase, urease, esterase, lipase and protease. The disc diffusion method is used to screen antibiotic production by the isolates against four pathogenic bacteria, viz. Salmonella typhimurium(NCIM 2501),Staphylococcus aureus(NCIM 2122), Bacillus subtilis(NCIM 2193), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(NCIM 2036).Nine out of 29 were found to be antibiotic producer.