快凝的高剩磁Nd_5Fe_（71．5）CO_5B_（18．5）M合金的微结构和磁

快凝的高剩磁Ｎｄ_５Ｆｅ_（７１．５）ＣＯ_５Ｂ_（１８．５）Ｍ合金的微结构和磁性日本住友特殊金属公司开发一种快速凝固和晶化的高剩磁Ｎｄ５Ｆｅ７１．５Ｃｄ５Ｂ１８．５Ｍ合金，Ｍ＝Ａ１，Ｓｉ，Ｇａ，Ｃｕ，Ａｇ和Ａｕ。这种材料是基于Ｆｅ３Ｂ－Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ...     

Fe_（73．5）Cu_（1．0）Mo_（3．0）Si_（13．5）B_（9．0

用Ｘ射线衍射及磁测量等方法研究了不同退火温度下Ｆｅ_（７３．５）Ｃｕ_（１．０）Ｍｏ_（３．０）Ｓｉ_（１３．５）Ｂ_（９．０）纳米软磁合金的结构与磁性．发现合金的显微组织结构与退火温度有关，退火温度为５００─５２０℃时，合金具有最佳软磁性能，合金中如出现Ｆｅ－Ｂ化合物，软磁性能恶化．     

Fe—Mn—Al合金在水溶液中电化学腐蚀行为

采用阳极极化测量，俄歇能谱仪与Ｘ射线光电子谱仪研究了Ｆｅ－（１７￣３１ｗｔ％）Ｍｎ－（０￣９ｗｔ％）Ａｌ系奥氏体合金在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＳＯ４与３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。     

退火Fe_（73．5）Cu_1Mo_3Si_（14．5）B_8合金中α－Fe（S

用ＸＲＤ法研究了退火Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１４．５Ｂ８合金中α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相的有序化过程，结果表明，Ｆｅ７３．５Ｃｕ１Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ１４．５Ｂ８非晶合金经４６０℃×１ｈ退火后，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶化相是具有ＤＯ３结构的有序相，有序畴为球形，直径为６．１ｎｍ，它随退火温度的升高而长大，在５６０℃退火后达１４．０ｎｍ，与α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）晶粒的尺寸相当。此时，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的有序度为０．７８。８００℃×１ｈ退火后，α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）的ＤＯ８超点阵线条消失。     

热变形对合金钢A_（e3）影响的热力学计算

以超组元（Ｓｕｐｅｒｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ）模型为基础，开发了计算热变形后Ｆｅ－ΣＸ_ｉ－Ｃ（Ｘ_ｉ＝Ｍｎ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｏ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ等）多组元合金钢的Ａ（ｅ３）的方法，并着重分析了γ相热变形对Ａ（ｅ３）的影响，未变形合金钢Ａ（ｅ３）的计算值，与前人的实测值基本符合．     

热变形对合金钢A_（e3）影响的热力学计算SCIEI

以超组元（Ｓｕｐｅｒｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ）模型为基础，开发了计算热变形后Ｆｅ－ΣＸ_ｉ－Ｃ（Ｘ_ｉ＝Ｍｎ，Ｓｉ，Ｍｏ，Ａｌ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ等）多组元合金钢的Ａ（ｅ３）的方法，并着重分析了γ相热变形对Ａ（ｅ３）的影响，未变形合金钢Ａ（ｅ３）的计算值，与前人的实测值基本符合．     

航空结构用高纯高韧性铝合金的进展（2）

航空结构用高纯高韧性铝合金的进展（２）张君尧（东北轻合金加工厂黑龙江哈尔滨市１５００６０）２７ＸＸＸ系高纯铝合金在ＡＩ—Ｚｎ—Ｍｇ—Ｃｕ系合金中，由于存在Ｆｅ、Ｓｔ杂质，可能生成（ＦｅＣｒｈｓｉＡｌｌ。、（Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ）Ａｌｅ、Ｃｕ。ＦｅＡＩ，和...     

Al65Cu20Fe15合金的凝固组织及二十面体准晶的生成

用Ｘ射线能谱分析、电子背散射衍射和粉末Ｘ射线衍射等技术研究了Ａｌ６５Ｃｕ２０Ｆｅ１５合金的铸锭及其退火后的显微组织和相组成。发现铸锭中的初生晶是λ－（Ａｌ,Ｃｕ）１３Ｆｅ４,呈明显的枝晶结构。     

铁基超微晶合金的磁性,结构及稳定性研究

用Ｘ射线、ＳＥＭ和ＴＲＭ研究了ＦｅＣｕＭＳｉＢ系（Ｍ＝Ｎｂ，Ｍｏ，Ｍｎ，Ｗ，Ｎｉ）合金的表面晶化、磁性、结构和温度稳定性。发现Ｂ含量低，表面晶化严重。Ｂ、Ｓｉ和Ｍ含量影响合金的磁性。在晶化温度（Ｔｘ）附近温度下进行无磁场、纵向磁场或横向磁场退火，可以获得性能优良的高起始磁导率、高矩形比或低剩磁合金。ＦｅＣｕＭＳｉＢ系超微晶合金是由１０～３０ｎｍ的α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）相（或还有少量的Ｆｅ３Ｓｉ相）和非晶相组成。上述三类性能不同的超微晶合金，显示了良好的温度稳定性。     

快速凝固Al—8.3Fe—1.9V—2.1Si合金的相转变

借助扫描电子显微分析、Ｘ射线衍射技术、差热分析手段研究了快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３Ｆｅ－１．９Ｖ－２．１Ｓｉ合金的相组成及相转变温度。结果表明，合金中的相组成为αＡｌ＋Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相；在６３８℃－６４５℃温度范围内，立方结构的Ａｌ１３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ）３Ｓｉ相向六方结构的Ａｌ３（Ｆｅ，Ｖ，Ｓｉ）相转变。钒添加至Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ合金中，提高了快速凝固Ａｌ－８．３Ｆｅ－１．９Ｖ－２．１Ｓｉ合金粉末的     

EFFECT OF ALLOY ELEMENTS ON QUASIEQUILIBRIUM MICROSTRUCTURE IN Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr STEELS

The microstructures of Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr steels with medium carbon and the effect of alloy ele-ments on them have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction quantitative phase ana-lyses,metallography and hardness tests.The volume fraction of martensite in steels quenchedat 1100℃ can be expressed as:f_M~(1100)=162.643-15.482Mn-7.36Ni-4.286(Cr+Mo+V)Based on this expression,the quasi-equilibrium microstructure diagram has been obtained.Itis shown that the effect of Mn on the austenite stability is greater than that of Ni.The equiva-lent [Ni]=2.104Mn+Ni and equivalent [Cr]=Cr+Mo+V.The driving force for martensite transformation at M_s point has been calculated to hedrastically decreased by element Mn.     

Effects of transformation temperature on variant pairing of bainitic ferrite in low carbon steel

The effects of transformation temperature on the variant pairing tendency of bainitic ferrite (BF) and the orientation relationship (OR) between BF and austenite matrix are investigated quantitatively in low-carbon, low-alloy steel by means of electron backscatter diffraction analysis. By numerical reconstruction of the austenite orientation it was found that BF holds a near Kurdjumov-Sachs OR with respect to the austenite matrix. The angular deviation of the close-packed planes (CPPs) becomes smaller with decreasing transformation temperature, while the small misorientation angle between the close-packed directions (CPDs) remains nearly the same. BF variants with small misorientations are formed side by side at high transformation temperatures by sharing the same Bain correspondence. In contrast, BF variants are formed adjacently at lower transformation temperatures by sharing the same parallel relations for CPP. In particular, pairing of twin-related variants is dominant in this case. Such a variant pairing tendency with respect to transformation temperature is discussed from the viewpoint of self-accommodation of transformation strain and inter-variant boundary energy.     

Thermal stability of retained austenite in TRIP steels studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction during cooling

We have performed in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at a synchrotron source in order to study the thermal stability of the retained austenite phase in transformation induced plasticity steels during cooling from room temperature to 100 K. A powder analysis of the diffraction data reveals a martensitic transformation of part of the retained austenite during cooling. The fraction of austenite that transforms during cooling is found to depend strongly on the bainitic holding time and the composition of the steel. It is shown that that austenite grains with a lower average carbon concentration have a lower stability during cooling.     

低碳-硅-锰系TRIP钢的组织演变规律研究

采用彩色金相、SEM、TEM和X射线衍射技术研究了低碳-硅-锰TRJP钢在单向拉伸状态下的组织演变规律.结果表明,TRIP钢变形前的组织为F、B和残余奥氏体,经拉伸变形后部分残余奥氏体在应变作用下转变为孪晶结构的马氏体,提高了钢的强度;TRIP钢的断裂为韧性断裂,位于F晶界处的残余奥氏体发生相变从而松弛了应力,延缓了断裂的产生,使TRIP钢板获得高塑性.     

X90管线钢的微观组织和残余奥氏体稳定性分析

利用金相、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、X射线衍射（XRD）和磁性法等手段对 X90管线钢中夹杂物、显微组织、残余奥氏体的含量、形貌及分布进行了分析,并通过分析冲击和拉伸试验前后残余奥氏体含量的变化,研究了残余奥氏体的稳定性。结果表明： X90管线钢中的夹杂物不严重,主要为 D类球状氧化物夹杂; X90管线钢的显微组织以板条贝氏体为主,也含有少量的粒状贝氏体和残余奥氏体; X90管线钢中的残余奥氏体不稳定,在冲击和拉伸试验时发生马氏体转变。     

Effects of austempering temperature on microstructure and surface residual stress of carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI) grinding balls

The effects of austempering temperature on microstructure and surface residual stress of carbidic austempered ductile iron(CADI) grinding balls were systematically investigated in this work. The microstructures were oberserved by optical metallography and analyized by X-ray diffraction. The surface residual stress measured by the cutting method is mainly composed of thermal stress and phase transformation stress. The thermal stress in grinding balls was determined by ANSYS simulation technique, and the surface phase transformation stress was obtained by subtracting the simulated surface thermal stress from the measured surface residual stress. Results show that all microstructures consist of ausferrite, white-bright zones(mixture of martensite and austenite), nodular graphite, and carbides. The distribution of ausferrite shows uniform. With the increase of austempering temperature, the volume fraction and carbon content of austenite increase, whereas the amount of white-bright zone decreases. In addition, the surface residual stress increases with the increase of austempering temperature. Only the tension exists at the austempering temperature of 200 ℃, and the pressure exists at the austempering temperature of 220-260 ℃. The thermal stress changes from the tension on the inside with the radius of 0-35 mm to the pressure on the outside with the radius of 35-62.5 mm, and the stress balance state presents at the radius of 35 mm. It is also found that the transformation stress is related to the content of carbon-rich austenite, and will reduce by 5.03 MPa accompanied with 1 vol.% increase of the austenite. The thermal compressive stress and the transformation tensile stress on the surface both decrease with the increase of the austempering temperature.     

Tensile behavior of TRIP-aided multi-phase steels studied by in situ neutron diffraction

TRIP-aided multi-phase steels were made by thermo-mechanically controlled process, where the ferrite grain size and the amount of the retained austenite were changed by controlling process conditions. The tensile behavior of four steels was studied by in situ neutron diffraction. It is found that the retained austenite bearing about 1.0 wt% C is plastically harder than the ferrite matrix. The steel with a ferrite grain size of ≈2.0 μm showed tensile strength of 1.1 GPa and a uniform elongation of 18.4%, in which stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs during plastic deformation but a considerable amount of austenite remains even after the onset of necking. It is concluded that the enhancement of uniform elongation is caused mainly by the work-hardening due to the hard austenite and martensite, where the contribution of the transformation strain is negligible.     

PROCESS OF CARBIDE PORMATION DURING AUSTENITEPEARLITE TRANSFORMATION IN CHROMIUM STEELS

研究了四种高铬钢在恒温分解为珠光体时的碳化物形成过程。对所得结果和其他作者的结果进行了分析,得到统一的规律。 在铬钢中,珠光体转变时可以直接形成(Fe,Cr)_3C,(Cr,Fe)_7C_3或(Cr,Fe)_(23)C_6。但是,不同类型碳化物的形成并不决定于平衡图上所要求的碳化物类型,而决定于奥氏体中的Cr:C比值。Cr:C比值对碳化物成核的过程起着主导的作用。     

Characterization of individual retained austenite grains and their stability in low-alloyed TRIP steels

In situ three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed at a synchrotron source on low-alloyed multiphase TRIP steels containing 0.25 wt.% Si and 0.44 wt.% Al and produced with different bainitic holding times, in order to assess the influence of the bainitic transformation on the thermal stability of individual austenite grains with respect to their martensitic transformation. A detailed characterization of the austenite grain volume distribution at room temperature was performed as a function of the prior bainitic holding time. In addition, the martensitic transformation behaviour of individual metastable grains was studied in situ during cooling to a temperature of 100 K. Both the carbon content and the grain volume play a key role in the stability of the austenite grains below 15 μm³, while the carbon content exerts the dominant effect in the stability of the bigger grains. Measurements also suggest that the tetragonality of the thermally formed martensite is suppressed.     

Effect of casting technology on microstructure and phases of high carbon high speed steel

The as-cast microstructures of high carbon high speed steels (HC-HSS) made by sand casting,centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting, respectively, were studied by using of optical microscopy (OM) and D/max2200pc X-ray diffraction. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast HCHSS is dominated by alloy carbides (W2C, VC, Cr7C3), martensite and austenite. The centrifugal casting and electromagnetic centrifugal casting apparently improve the solidification structure of HC-HSS. With the increase of magnetic intensity (B), the volume fraction of austenite in the HC-HSS solidification structure increases significantly while the eutectic ledeburite decreases. Moreover, the secondary carbides precipitated from the austenite are finer with more homogeneous distribution in the electromagnetic centrifugal castings. It has also been found that the lath of eutectic carbide in ledeburite becomes finer and carbide phase spacing in eutectic ledeburite increases along with the higher magnetic field strength.