海水反渗透淡化系统的能耗

通过对海水反渗透淡化系统（SWRO）吨水成本的分析，提出降低SWRO能耗的解决措施，采用能量透平装置（TURBO）或压力转换器（PE）回收浓水的能量传递于进水，不仅可以降低吨水电耗，也可减小一次性投资。值得关注的是，压力转换器，回收效率可达94％，在海水淡化系统中对于降低能耗有更重要的意义。     

反渗透海水淡化技术研究进展

反渗透海水淡化技术以其特有的优点得到了越来越广泛的应用,近几十年来我国对该技术的研究取得了较大发展。该文综述了反渗透海水淡化技术的发展过程及应用状况,重点介绍了反渗透膜、预处理技术、能量回收技术、反渗透系统优化设计等方面的技术进步及存在的问题,根据该技术研究及应用现状,提出了我国反渗透海水淡化技术未来发展的看法。     

海水反渗透淡化技术的分析与探讨

反渗透海水淡化技术是一种高效、节能、先进的液体分离技术.论述了目前国内外海水反渗透淡化技术的应用现状,着重介绍了反渗透膜材料及特点、膜污染及清洗、典型的海水反渗透淡化流程,探讨了反渗透海水淡化技术目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势.     

反渗透海水淡化系统中的能量回收

反渗透海水淡化中的能量回收问题一直是研究的热点。本文介绍了能量回收技术的发展、不同技术在操作和设计上的差异，重点说明了能量回收装置在反渗透海水淡化降低能耗的重要作用，能量回收技术的不断进步使得反渗透海水淡化应用日益广泛。     

海水淡化反渗透复合膜元件的制备

论述了海水淡化膜元件制作过程中,支撑底膜的孔结构、水相及有机相单体的种类、浓度,界面聚合的时间、热处理温度以及产业化生产过程中各个工艺条件的控制对海水淡化反渗透复合膜性能和均匀性的影响;介绍了膜元件卷制的工艺对元件性能的影响以及国产海水淡化反渗透复合膜元件在实际工程中的应用情况及与进口膜元件的性能对比。     

高回收率反渗透海水淡化

传统的一级反渗透海水淡化过程中，产水回收率受渗透压的制约。在目前膜耐压性能条件下，反渗透海水淡化的回收率一般小于40％，本丈提出一种反渗透一纳滤联合脱盐的膜集成海水淡化新工艺及其过程特征方程。讨论了新工艺条件下，纳滤膜截留率r2对反渗透膜实际进水浓度c。和纳滤膜进水浓度C2p的影响，反渗透段回收率Y1。和纳滤段回收率Y2对纳滤段渗透压△π2的影响。同时比较了相同操作压力下，传统工艺与新工艺的脱盐性能，模拟计算表明，采用反渗透一纳滤联合脱盐工艺可使海水淡化总回收卒提高到60％以上。     

长岛1000吨/日反渗透海水淡化示范工程

长岛1000t／d反渗透海水淡化工程是我国第一个自行设计、建造的日产千吨级反渗透海水淡化示范工程,在国内首次使用压力交换式能量回收设备,建成后运行正常,能耗达到国际先进水平,为推广我国的海水淡化起到了很好的示范作用。     

反渗透海水淡化膜的应用特性

综述了国内外反渗透海水淡化技术的研究发展过程及应用状况,重点介绍了中空纤维和卷式反渗透膜在海水淡化中的应用特性。比较了中空纤维和卷式反渗透膜的结构、性能及应用对象差异,展望了中空纤维反渗透膜将扩大海水淡化市场份额的应用前景。     

小型风光互补反渗透海水淡化装置研制

介绍了风光互补供电海水淡化装置原理和研制的离网风光互补反渗透海水淡化装置,运行结果表明,该淡化装置吨水能耗约4.8 kWh/m3,适于偏远海岛、船舶、电力供应缺乏的场所,为3～5人的小集体提供生活淡水,具有较强应用推广前景,经济、环境和社会效益明显。     

反渗透海水淡化的预处理技术研究进展

本文分析了国内外关于反渗透海水淡化预处理技术的应用研究现状，并对预处理技术的发展趋势做了展望。     

Considerations of energy consumption in desalination by reverse osmosis

The primary factors affecting the energy consumption of a reverse osmosis plant are considered. These are the osmotic pressure of the feedwater, the feedwater temperature, the water recovery, and the relationship between the water flux and salt flux characteristics of the membrane. In addition, the required permeate quality may have several indirect effects on the energy consumption. Permeate quality standards may impose minimum operating pressures, limit the recovery, and/or require treatment with a full or partial second stage. As a general rule, the energy required increases with increasing feed salinity and increasing permeate quality.For any given recovery, a single stage system will require less energy than a partial two stage system. However, for a specified permeate quality, a partial two stage system can operate at a higher overall recovery and a lower energy consumption than a single stage systemEnergy recovery systems can recover between 50 and 90 percent of the available energy in a reverse osmosis unit, thus significantly lowering the energy consumption. Studies have shown that with an energy recovery system, the minimum energy consumption occurs at a first stage recovery of 30 to 35 percent. Currently, very few energy recovery systems are in use due to their high capital cost, but as energy recovery systems become more available and reliable, they will greatly increase the energy efficiency of reverse osmosis plants.     

Performance prediction of hydraulic energy recovery (HER) device with novel mechanics for small-scale SWRO desalination system

The biggest proportion of the cost of desalted water is the energy consumption, especially for small-scale SWRO desalination system. In order to decrease the cost of desalted water, the energy recovery device is preferred to be considered in small-scale SWRO desalination system. However, the investigation of energy recovery device for small-scale SWRO system is scarce. Until now the design of energy recovery device has not been based on the results of the mathematical simulation but almost on experimental and empirical knowledge, and there are few detailed reports about the optimal design of energy recovery device for small-scale SWRO desalination system in previous articles. In the current paper, a hydraulic energy recovery (HER) device with novel mechanics is introduced, the detailed simulation results of the HER device and specific energy consumption of small-scale SWRO system equipped with the HER device are presented. The simulated results are very useful for optimal design of the HER device and its coupling SWRO desalination system.     

隔膜法烧碱降低电耗方法探讨

分析了影响烧碱电耗的诸多因素,从降低槽电压、选择运行电流密度和强化电解槽管理等角度介绍了降低烧碱电耗的技术措施。经改造,烧碱电耗由2 420 kW.h/t降至2 300 kW.h/t。     

烧碱装置的节能降耗措施

介绍了内蒙古海吉氯碱化工股份有限公司6万t/a离子膜烧碱装置通过技术改造,达到增收节支的目的。     

反渗透海水淡化预处理工艺

对不同海水预处理工艺进行了研究,对比分析了不同工艺产水浊度、化学需氧量（COD_Mn）、污染密度指数（SDI₁₅）等参数及不同预处理工艺对超滤膜膜比通量的影响。混凝-沉淀或气浮处理能够有效降低海水浊度,配合砂滤或纤维过滤,浊度可以降低到0.3NTU左右。当超滤处理海水时,无论采用何种预处理方法,其产水浊度和SDI₁₅都可以满足反渗透进水要求。直接超滤时,COD_Mn去除效果较差,超滤结合混凝-沉淀或气浮处理时,COD_Mn去除率有了较大的提高。预处理方法对超滤膜膜比通量影响较大,直接采用超滤进行处理时,超滤膜膜比通量衰减较快,经混凝-沉淀或气浮处理后,膜比通量衰减有所减缓,进一步经砂滤或纤维过滤后,膜比通量的衰减得到了较好的控制。采用混凝-沉淀/纤维过滤预处理工艺时超滤膜膜比通量衰减最低。     

Assessment of energy consumption in desalination of sea water on the basis of conceptual designs and surveys

Energy equivalent of sea water desalination are quoted as the most suitable measure in the phase discussing here from various survey reports in Japan which include conceptual designs of desalting plants such as dual purpose systems and MSF processes to utilize industrial waste heats.These systems are alloted for supplementing the shortage of drinking water from rivers which may dependent on the rainfall. Then, a diagram is proposed to indicate preferable region for construction of desalting plants or river development from view points of both energy consumption and economyThese ideas were applied to the survey for introducting desalting plant in an industrial city and the necessary energy to produce fresh water from the sea was estimated for the case of 1/10 arid year. The amount of the order of a little less than 1% to the total energy consumption of the city should be evaluated from the view point of total human activities     

蒸发节能降耗的探讨

阐述了隔膜碱蒸发过程中影响能耗的因素,通过改造,优化了蒸发工艺,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

四氯化碳生产过程中降低物耗的途径探讨

分析了天然气热氯化法生产四氯化碳过程中引起物料消耗增加的可能途径,介绍了公司为此采取的相关节能降耗的措施,对天然气热氯化法生产四氯化碳的生产管理和技术进步有一定的借鉴作用。