江苏省仪征市25054例农村妇女乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的通过筛查仪征市农村妇女乳腺癌患病情况以提高早期诊断率。方法对25 054例乳腺癌筛查的农村妇女进行乳腺临床检查、乳腺彩超、钼靶摄片检查、病理检查。结果参检中发现乳腺增生性病变是最常见的乳腺疾病,患病率为48.25%,乳腺癌16例,患病率为0.06%。结论乳腺癌筛查可及早发现无症状乳腺癌患者,应加大农村妇女乳腺癌普查力度,保护农村育龄妇女健康。     

农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为的调查分析

[目的]了解农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为。[方法]采用自行设计的《农村适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查行为调查问卷》对1013名河南省农村适龄妇女进行乳腺癌筛查行为调查。[结果]河南省农村妇女乳腺癌筛查率仅为33.6%,年龄、经济水平及医疗保障享有状况等对筛查行为均具有显著影响;筛查意识好者筛查行为发生率33.2%;曾接受乳腺癌筛查服务者相关知识得分高于未曾接受筛查者。[结论]河南省农村妇女乳腺癌预防行为采用率低,应提高适龄妇女乳腺癌筛查意识并加强相关知识宣传,可能会对其乳腺癌筛查行为产生良好的促进作用。     

农村适龄妇女“两癌”筛查中的组织管理方法与效果

目的探讨农村适龄妇女两癌筛查中的组织管理方法及效果,为更好地开展农村女性群体健康服务提供科学依据。方法坚持政府主导、采取筛查前对适龄妇女人群进行摸底、对筛查对象实施健康教育、培训筛查人员、合理布局和体检现场管理,结合耐心的问卷调查和对调查对象进行心理疏导。结果符合本次筛查年龄段的妇女共64 357人,完成对48 946人调查及两癌筛查,完善各项体检并完整收回问卷调查表46 981份,有效收回率为95.99%,筛查率为73.00%。结论政府主导及科学地组织管理是农村适龄妇女妇科病调查及两癌筛查顺利实施的保障。     

年轻女性乳腺癌200例临床及病理特点分析

目的探讨年轻女性乳腺癌的临床及病理特点。方法回顾性分析四川大学华西医院2003~2008年收治的200例年龄≤35岁的年轻女性乳腺癌患者的临床及病理资料,并与随机抽取同期收治的35岁以上中老年女性乳腺癌230例进行比较,所有病例均经手术治疗及病理证实。结果年轻组乳腺癌病程在1个月以内的患者比例低于中老年组(33.50%、50.00%,P<0.01);年轻组原发肿瘤直径≤2 cm的患者比例低于中老年组(23.19%、33.17%,P<0.05),pTNM分期中0~Ⅰ期患者比例低于中老年组(13.77%、23.62%,P<0.05);年轻组中组织学分级为3级的患者比例高于中老年组(53.00%、41.30%,P<0.05);年轻组雌激素受体(ER)阳性且孕激素受体(PR)阴性的患者比例(7%)低于中老年组(13.04%)(P<0.05);在有保乳指征的前提下,年轻组行保乳手术的比例高于中老年组(13%、2.61%,P<0.05)。两组乳腺癌患者家族史、病理类型、淋巴结转移情况、HER-2及Ki-67表达率相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论年轻乳腺癌患者就诊时原发肿瘤直径大,pTNM分期晚,组织学分级高。年轻组ER阳性且PR阴性的患者比例低于中老年组。年轻组患者对自身外在形象及生活质量要求较高,保留乳房的愿望更加强烈,保乳率明显高于中老年患者。年轻组患者就诊时间晚于中老组,需要年轻女性提高对乳腺癌的警惕,亦需要加强宣传教育。     

城乡妇女乳腺癌早期检测知识的调查研究

[目的]了解乳腺癌病人疾病发现方式及乳房自查知识掌握情况,为护理人员提供正确的健康教育方式。[方法]分别对60例农村和城市乳腺癌病人进行问卷调查。[结果]农村妇女乳腺癌发现途径侧重于自我无意发现肿块占83.33%,10.00%是由于有自觉症状、疼痛、乳头溢液等,肿瘤多为Ⅱa期、Ⅱb期、缺乏掌握乳腺自我检查的知识。城市妇女自我无意发现肿块途径占56.67%,体检和自查发现肿块各占20.00%。肿瘤多为Ⅰ期、Ⅱa期。不能完全掌握乳腺自我检查的知识和技巧。[结论]医护人员应根据不同人群提供乳腺癌早期检测的知识和技能,建立符合我国国情的乳腺癌的早期检测方案。     

Psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer in unmarried women

Breast cancer is a significant health problem that can affect many aspects of a woman's life. Although there is growing evidence that women with supportive husbands seem to adjust reasonably well, little is known about the impact of breast cancer among unmarried women. Relationships among primary treatment alternatives, symptom distress, perceived social support, and psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer in 101 unmarried women were investigated using data collected during the late postoperative recovery phase. The women experienced relatively low levels of psychosocial adjustment problems and perceived moderately high levels of social support. Social support and symptom distress each accounted for significant proportions of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, whereas primary treatment alternatives did not. Symptom distress emerged as the variable accounting for the most variance in psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer. Implications for health care providers to facilitate positive adjustment to breast cancer in unmarried women and directions for future studies are suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 21: 155–166, 1998     

农村妇女宫颈癌知识知晓情况调查研究

目的:了解农村妇女对宫颈癌相关知识的认知水平,为今后有针对性地对山区镇农村妇女开展宫颈癌普查普治以及健康教育提供方向和重点。方法:在"两癌"筛查活动现场,由调查研究人员随机抽取调查对象资料,使用自编的"宫颈癌知识调查问卷"进行问卷调查并分析。结果:800名研究对象中80.95%认为与吸烟、喝酒等不良生活习惯有关,66.00%认为与多个性伴侣有关,46.30%认为与性生活卫生状况差有关;青年、中年和老年组人群知晓率分别是38.36%,16.47%,6.35%,高中及以上、初中、小学、文盲/半文盲不同文化程度人群的总平均知晓率分别是85.42%,53.78%,9.52%,2.53%;宫颈癌相关知识信息获取的途径高低顺序为听别人说、传单折页宣传画、宣传栏墙报、集会宣传、电视广播、报纸杂志、网络。结论:农村妇女对宫颈癌知识认知不足;不同年龄组和不同文化程度人群对宫颈知识知晓率具有明显差异;农村妇女获取宫颈癌防治信息主要途径是听别人说。     

Challenges in providing breast and cervical cancer screening services to Vietnamese Canadian women: the healthcare providers' perspective

Breast cancer and cervical cancer are major contributors to morbidity and mortality among Vietnamese Canadian women. Vietnamese women are at risk because of their low participation rate in cancer-preventative screening programmes. Drawing from the results of a larger qualitative study, this paper reports factors that influence Vietnamese women's participation in breast and cervical cancer screening from the healthcare providers' perspectives. The women participants' perspective was reported elsewhere.
Semistructured interviews were conducted with six healthcare providers. Analysis of these interviews reveals several challenges which healthcare providers encountered in their clinical practice. These include the physicians' cultural awareness about the private body, patient's low socioeconomic status, the healthcare provider–patient relationship, and limited institutional support.
This is the first Canadian study to identify the healthcare providers' perspective on giving breast and cervical cancer preventive care to the Vietnamese immigrant women. The insight gained from these healthcare providers' experiences are valuable and might be helpful to healthcare professionals caring for immigrant women of similar ethno-cultural backgrounds. Recommendations for the promotion of breast cancer and cervical cancer screening among Vietnamese women include: (i) effort should be made to recruit Vietnamese-speaking female healthcare professionals for breast and cervical health-promotion programmes; (ii) reduce woman–physicians hierarchical relationship and foster effective doctor–patient communication; (iii) healthcare providers must be aware of their own cultural beliefs, values and attitudes that they bring to their practice; and (iv) more institutional support and resources should be given to both Vietnamese Canadian women and their healthcare providers.     

Supportive care for women with breast cancer: Australian nurses' perspective

Abstract A research project was undertaken to describe how the support needs of women who have had treatment for breast cancer were being met in New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected from both the women and the nurses who cared for them. The findings from the first part of the study examined the nurses' perceptions of the women's needs and how they as health professionals, fulfilled these needs. Analysis was both qualitative and quantitative. Seventy-eight nurses responded to a questionnaire and 15 were interviewed. The findings indicated that the nurses perceived information on disease process and physical aspects of the disease as essential to supporting the women with breast cancer. While they saw providing emotional support to the women as important the nurses themselves often lacked the time and skills to provide it.     

Knowledge, expectations and experiences of patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer.

The experiences of a cohort of 60 women receiving chemotherapy in treatment of breast cancer were monitored in an in-depth prospective study. The purpose of the investigation was to identify ways in which nurses could improve the preparation and support of patients undergoing chemotherapy. It was found that patients' knowledge of chemotherapy was limited and that the side-effects they experienced, and their reactions to these, were rather different and more diverse than had been expected. The study illustrates the value of exploring patients' perceptions of their problems and needs for information and support.     

Coping with breast cancer in newly diagnosed Iranian women

AIM: This paper reports a study exploring how Iranian women coped with newly diagnosed breast cancer and provides a foundation for cultural-based care. BACKGROUND: Although research has indicated that coping strategies are associated with adaptation to breast cancer, and despite the number of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer increasing each year, there is no information on how Iranian women cope with breast cancer when compared with women of other cultures. METHOD: In this qualitative study, 19 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer were interviewed during the period May-September 2004 about coping with their disease. Interviews were analysed using a content analysis method. FINDINGS: The main themes emerging from this qualitative study included coping using a religious approach (acceptance of disease as God's will; spiritual fighting), thinking about the disease (positive thinking: positive suggestion, hope, intentional forgetfulness; negative thinking: hopelessness, fear, impaired body image), accepting the fact of the disease (active acceptance; passive acceptance), social and cultural factors and finally finding support from significant others. CONCLUSION: Understanding how Iranian women cope with diagnosis of breast cancer is important to nurses involved in the process of healing. The majority of strategies used by Iranian women were positive, and religious faith played a major role in this. The findings of the study can be used to design a nursing approach to improve successful coping in Iranian women suffering from breast cancer, and can provide nurses and other healthcare professionals with deeper understanding of these women as they face this diagnosis.     

Coping strategies and predictors of general well-being in women with breast cancer in the People's Republic of China

The presence of breast cancer has been a great challenge to women's health for decades. However, limited information exists about how Chinese women with breast cancer cope with the stressors of the illness and which factors predict their sense of general well-being. Therefore, the purposes of this study of women with breast cancer from the People's Republic of China were to identify the coping strategies being used and to identify which demographic characteristics and coping strategies were the best predictors of general well-being. The sample consisted of 100 newly diagnosed women with breast cancer, located within one city in the People's Republic of China. Each woman completed three paper-and-pencil questionnaires that measured demographics, coping strategies, and general well-being. The findings indicated planning, positive reframing, and self-distraction were the most commonly used coping strategies. The best predictors of general well-being were employment status and the coping method, self-blame.     

青年女性乳腺癌的临床研究

乳腺癌好发于40~60岁妇女,其发病率逐渐增高,且有年轻化的趋势。我科从1990年3月至2005年3月收治乳腺癌862例,其中青年女性乳腺癌112例(占13%),报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般情况本组112例,全部为女性,均经病理证实。年龄从18~35岁,其中18~25岁13例,26~30岁38例,31~35岁61例,平均     

社区妇女乳腺癌预防认知状况及影响因素的研究

目的 调查社区妇女乳腺癌预防认知现状及其影响因素.方法 采用整群抽样法,对乌鲁木齐市区978名社区妇女进行乳腺癌预防知识问卷调查.结果 社区妇女乳腺癌预防知识总知晓率为51.38%.不同特征人群乳腺癌预防知识得分不同,平均得分为(11.79±5.30)分,其影响因素主要有年龄、民族、学历、月收入、有无乳腺良性疾病史和家...     

Effect of supportive care on the anxiety of women with suspected breast cancer

Title.  Effect of supportive care on the anxiety of women with suspected breast cancer.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the effect of supportive care on anxiety levels of women with suspected breast cancer during the diagnostic period.
Background.  Informational and psychosocial support has been shown to improve care outcomes for women with breast cancer. However, little is known about the effect of supportive care on women's psychological status during the breast cancer diagnostic period.
Methods.  For this longitudinal quasi-experimental study, 122 participants were recruited from a large teaching hospital in Taiwan. The experimental group ( n  =   62) received a supportive care programme that included health education pamphlets about breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, three face-to-face sessions of informational and emotional support, and two follow-up telephone consultations. The control group ( n  =   60) received routine care. Data were collected from October 2006 to April 2007 using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (notification of need for breast biopsy), before biopsy, and after receiving biopsy result (diagnosis).
Findings.  After adjusting for covariance of breast discomfort, regular breast self-examination, and biopsy result, the anxiety levels of women receiving supportive care were significantly lower before biopsy ( P  =   0·017) and after diagnosis ( P  =   0·001) than those of women receiving routine care.
Conclusion.  Supportive care that incorporates informational and emotional support and follow-up telephone consultations can decrease anxiety levels of women with suspected breast cancer. These findings can serve as a reference for clinical nursing staff to improve care quality during the breast cancer diagnostic period by providing women with individualized and culturally sensitive care.     

乳腺癌一级预防的管理实践与效果

为了降低乳腺癌的发生,延缓、阻断及逆转乳腺癌危险因素和癌前病变向乳腺癌发展。我院自2000年以来,对乳腺癌的一级预防采取院内、院外的综合管理方法,建立了医院、社区、个人一级预防网络;对所管辖的人群建立了健康档案;院内建立肿瘤诊疗中心和防癌体检中心;院外设立医院-社区卫生服务站;加强乳腺癌预防宣传、健康咨询等多种形式的社区预防。通过对乳腺癌一级预防的综合管理,提高了居民的健康意识和自我防护能力,对乳腺疾病做到了早期发现、早期治疗,降低了乳腺癌的发病率,从而有效地提高了居民的生活质量。