Evaluation of apatite-coated chitosan microspheres for bone regeneration

The apatite-coated chitosan microspheres were fabricated by incubating chitosan in five times simulated body fluid. The apatite deposited on the microspheres was similar to natural bone mineral, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectra and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy analyses. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） were seeded on apatite- coated microspheres to investigate the effect of this scaffold on cell proliferation and differentiation. BMSCs seeded on uncoated microspheres were served as a control. In vivo experiment was evaluated by transplanting the microspheres loaded with or without BMSCs in 5-mm cranial defects of Wistar rats. Bone regeneration was investigated via micro-CT and histological analysis. It was found that apatite-coated chitosan microspheres could significantly promote the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs compared with uncoated microspheres. Histological slices and Micro-CT images at 8 weeks revealed much better regeneration of bone in the apatite-coated microspheres loaded with BMSCs than the control. In addition, the defect filled with pure microspheres induced little new bone formation. Our findings suggest that the apatite-coated chitosan microspheres scaffold is a promising carrier of stem cells for cranial bone tissue engineering.     

Preparation and Properties of Heat Resistant Polylactic Acid(PLA)/Nano-SiO_2 Composite Filament

In order to improve the thermal properties of polylactic acid(PLA) filament,nano-SiO_2 was applied to mix with PLA,then they were spun as composite filament by melt-spinning.The dispersion of nano SiO_2 and the fracture surfaces of filaments were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,mechanical properties,and surface friction properties,were analyzed.The thermal performances of composite filament were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA).The results showed that the nano-SiO_2 modified by 5% KH-550 could disperse evenly and loosely in nano-scale,and 1 wt% and 3 wt% nano-SiO_2 dispersed throughout PLA evenly.As the quantity of nano-SiO_2 increased,the properties of composite filament,such as orientation degree,friction coefficient,thermal decomposition temperature,and glass transition temperature,increased more or less.The breaking tenacity increased when 1 wt% SiO_2 was added in PLA,but declined when 3 wt% SiO_2 was added.     

Biocompatibility Studies on Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with Chitosan-gelatin Blends

1　IntroductionSuccessfulmanagementofcartilagedefectsremainsamajorclinicalchallengetoorthopedicsurgeons .Theneedformoreeffectivemethodsofrepairingcartilagedefectshaspromptedinvestigationintotheutilityoftissueengi neeringapproachesrecently .Thechoiceofbiom…     

Eetopie Bone Formation in vivo Indueed by a Novel Synthetie Peptide Derived from BMP-2 Using Porous Collagen Scaffolds

To investigate the osteoinductive and ectopicly osteogenic effects of a novel peptide P24 derived from bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2）, biodegradable collagen scaffolds （CS） were used to load BMP-2-derived peptide solutions with different concentrations （0.4 mg peptide/CS, 0.1 mg peptide/CS and pure CS, respectively）, and the implants were implanted into muscular pockets on the back of Wistar rats. Radiographs and histological analysis were performed to evaluate the ectopic bone effects. Active ectopic bone formation was seen in both groups containing the peptide at different concentration （0.4 mg and 0.1 mg）, whereas no bone formation and only fibrous tissue was seen in the pure CS group. The new bone formation induced by the peptide P24 displayed a dose-dependent and time-dependent efficiency. The new bone formation in the 0.4 mg peptide/CS group significantly increased than that of the 0.1 mg peptide/CS group. This novel BMP-2-derived peptide had excellent osteoinductive and ectopicly osteogenic properties which were similar to those of BMP2.     

Preparation of new tissue engineering bone-CPC/PLGA composite and its application in animal bone defects

To investigate the feasibility of implanting the biocomposite of calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) into animals for bone defects repairing, the biocomposite of CPC/PLGA was prepared and its setting time, compressive strength, elastic modulus, pH values, phase composition of the samples, degradability and biocompatibility in vitro were tested. The above-mentioned composite implanted with bone marrow stromal cells was used to repair defects of the radius in rabbits. Osteogenesis was histomorphologically observed by using an electron-microscope. The results show that compared with the CPC, the physical and chemical properties of CPC/PLGA composite have some differences in which CPC/PLGA composite has better biological properties. The CPC/PLGA composite combined with seed cells is superior to the control in terms of the amount of new bones formed after CPC/PLGA composite is implanted into the rabbits, as well as the speed of repairing bone defects. The results suggest that the constructed CPC/PLGA composite basically meets the requirements of tissue engineering scaffold materials and that the CPC/PLGA composite implanted with bone marrow stromal cells may be a new artificial bone material for repairing bone defects because it can promote the growth of bone tissues.     

In vitro characterization of PBLG-g-HA/ PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize a new composites scaffold containing poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) modified hydroxyapatite/(poly(L-lactic acid))(PBLG-g-HA/PLLA) and to investigate their in vitro behaviour on bone mesenchymal stromal cells(BMSCs). The results demonstrated that BMSC proliferation was signifi cantly increased on PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds after 3 and 7 days post seeding when compared to PLLA and HA/PLLA scaffolds. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation also favoured the composite PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds when compared to controls by signifi cantly increasing Runx2, ALP or osteocalcin mRNA expression as assessed by real-time PCR. The results illustrate the potential of PBLG-g-HA/PLLA scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. And the in vivo testing further confi rms the PBLG-gHA/PLLA scaffolds' potentioal for healing critical bone defects.     

PLA/R-TiO2复合材料的紫外光老化行为

为研究聚乳酸/金红石型二氧化钛(PLA/R-TiO₂)复合材料抗紫外老化行为,揭示R-TiO₂散射紫外光线的抗老化机理,采用熔融共混法制备PLA/R-TiO₂复合材料,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)、全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、力学性能测试,以及扫描电镜(SEM)观察等方法,研究PLA经紫外光辐照前后的结构性能变化以及R-TiO₂在改善PLA抗紫外光性能方面的作用。结果表明:R-TiO₂的引入可促进PLA结晶,结晶度由12.11%增加到25.91%;随老化时间延长,PLA拉伸强度下降了94.5%,色差值增加到4.13,表面出现裂纹和孔洞结构;随R-TiO₂用量增加,拉伸强度下降幅度明显降低,色差值减小,其中R-TiO₂添加量为3wt%时可有效改善PLA的紫外稳定性。     

The enhancement of osteogenesis by scaffold based on mineralized recombinant human-like collagen loading with rhBMP-2

A biomimetic scaffold based on mineralized recombinant collagen, nano-hydroxyapatite/recombinant human-like collagen/poly(lactic acid) (nHA/RHLC/PLA), was prepared with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for improving the osteoinductive property of the scaffold. The nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffolds loaded with 10 μg rhBMP-2 and the unloaded scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in the rat model. The osteogenetic capacity of these composites was evaluated by CT scan, ALP activity test and histological observation at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. The experimental results indicated that the osteogenic capability of the scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 was superior to the unloaded scaffold. It was concluded that rhBMP-2 can enhance the osteoinductive property of the nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold and the nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold loaded with rhBMP-2 have the good potential of being used in bone tissue engineering.     

Osteogenesis Capacity of a Novel BMP／a-TCP Bioactive Composite Bone Cement

To improve the osteogenesis ability of α-trkalcium phosphate (a-TCP ) bone cement, a novel BMP/ a- TCP composite bone cement was prepared. By measuring the setting time and compressive strength, the hydration characteristic of bone cemtwnt icts eralnated. Animal experiments including histological observation, radiographic investigation as well as digital image analyses reveal the difference of osteogenesis ability among BMP, a TCP bone cetnent and BMPI a-TCP composite bone cement, Results show that a-TCP bone cement possesses excellent hydration and setting properties as well as high mechanical property, Comparison experiments show that BMPI a-TCP composite bonc cement has a stronger osteogenesis obility. The gross observation of the implant site does not exhibit any inflammation or necrosis. Histohwcal analyses reveal that the material has good osteointegration with host bone, and new bone formntion is detected within the materials, which are degrading. Strong osteogenesis ability of the composite is due to not only the excellent osteoconductive potential but also the osteoinductive potential contributed by attire BMP releasing and the material degradation . Large skull defect could be well-healed ty filling BMPl a-TCP composite bone cement. This novel material proves itself to be an absorbable and bioaetive bonecement with an osteogenesi ability.     

聚乳酸/醋酸淀粉薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用溶剂挥发成膜法分别制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/淀粉(DPS)和聚乳酸(PLA)/醋酸淀粉(AS)复合薄膜,并通过添加增塑剂改善复合薄膜的力学性能.对样品薄膜进行SEM、TG、DMA和机械性能测试,结果表明:PLA/AS复合薄膜与PLA/DPS复合薄膜相比,各组分的相容性以及薄膜的断裂伸长率得到了改善,尤其是增塑剂的添加使复合薄膜的力学性能得到了明显提高.     

肾下腹主动脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗脊髓缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型的建立

干细胞移植是治疗脊髓损伤的研究热点和重要方向,目前移植途径多为局部注射和静脉注射.本研究在建立大鼠脊髓缺血再灌注损伤(SCIRI)改良模型基础上,经肾下腹主动脉向缺血节段脊髓分别输注不同数量Hochest 33342标记的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)悬液.采用BBB评分观察大鼠后肢功能变化,镜下观察BMSCs体内分布情况.结果显示,移植100万和200万细胞数组L2脊髓内荧光细胞分布率和术后6d、12d BBB评分显著高于50万细胞数组和培养基输注组.以上结果说明经肾下腹主动脉输注的BMSCs能够在缺血再灌注损伤脊髓内存活并促进脊髓功能恢复,最佳移植细胞数为每只大鼠推注100万细胞.     

TGF-beta 1 Gene-Activated Matrices Regulated the Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs

Poly （lactic acid/glycolic acid/asparagic acid-co-polyethylene glycol）（PLGA-[ASP-PEG]） scaffold materials were linked with a novel nonviral vector （K）16GRGDSPC through cross linker Sulfo- LC-SPDP to construct a new type of nonviral gene transfer system. Eukaryotic expressing vector containing transforming growth factor beta 1 （pcDNA3-TGFβ1） was encapsulated by the system. Bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） obtained from rabbit were cultured on PLGA-[ASP-PEG] modified by （K）16GRGDSPC and TGF-β1 gene and PLGA-[ASP-PEG] modified by （K）16GRGDSPC and empty vector pcDNA3 as control. The expressions of osteogenic makers of the BMSCs cultured on the TGF-β1 gene-activated scaffold materials were found significantly higher than those of the control group （P〈0.05）. A brand-new way was provided for regulating seed cells to directionally differentiate into osteoblasts for bone defect restoration in bone tissue engineering.     

聚乳酸的增韧阻燃性能

针对聚乳酸(PLA)易燃和脆性大等缺点,采用聚磷酸铵(APP)和聚乙二醇(PEG)对PLA进行了改性,同时控制PLA、APP和PEG之间的质量比例为5.7∶1.17∶1,研究了液晶聚合物(LCP)对复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,当添加质量分数为15%的APP时,复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)可以达到30.1%,而仅添加相同质量分数的PEG时,复合材料达不到阻燃效果.PLA/APP/PEG复合材料相比纯PLA具有较高的残炭率.加入PEG后复合材料的断裂伸长率明显提高,而LCP的添加提高了复合材料的拉伸强度,但降低了复合材料的断裂伸长率.     

Preparation and Compressive Strength of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Containing N,O-carboxymethyl Chitosan

1Introduction Calciumphosphatebonecement(CPC)hasbeen preparedbyBrownandChowin1985[1].Thematerial consistsofcementpowderandbuffersolution.Thepow dercontainsteracalciumphosphate(TetCP)anddicalci umphosphate(DCPA).Thebuffersolutionismadeupof phosphateandwate…     

骨形态发生蛋白-2基因工程菌的构建及可溶性研究

骨形态发生蛋白是一类调节骨组织发育的生长因子,其中骨形态发生蛋白-2诱导成骨活性最强,在骨组织工程研究中最具研究意义.为获得能高效表达溶解性高的人骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)的基因工程菌,用PCR方法扩增得到BMP-2的基因序列,直接将PCR产物连接到胞内融合表达型T载体质粒pMT-L上,构建包括麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)、连接肽、6个His、EKsite(Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys)和BMP-2的表达载体,转化E.coli DH5α,经抗性筛选和菌落PCR鉴定,抽提阳性克隆质粒转化表达宿主E.coli BL21(DE3),成功构建可在大肠杆菌细胞质内表达MBP-BMP-2融合蛋白的基因工程菌.工程菌经0.1mmol/L IPTG诱导后,可获得表观分子量约为55kD的以可溶形式表达的BMP-2融合蛋白.     

Morphological,Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/Cellulose Nanofibrils(CNF) Composites Nanofiber for Tissue Engineering

Composite nanofiber membranes based on biodegradable poly(lactic acid)(PLA) and cellulose nanofibrils(CNF) were produced via electrospinning. The influence of CNF content on the morphology, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of PLA/CNF composite nanofiber membranes were characterized by field scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA), respectively. The results show that the PLA/CNF composite nanofibers with smooth, free-bead surface can be successfully fabricated with various CNF contents. The introduction of CNF is an effective approach to improve the crystalline ability, thermal stability and mechanical properties for PLA/CNF composite fibers. The Young's moduli and tensile strength of the PLA/CNF composite nanofiber reach 106.6 MPa and 2.7 MPa when the CNF content is 3%, respectively, which are one times higher and 1.5 times than those of pure PLA nanofiber. Additionally, the water contact angle of PLA/CNF composite nanofiber membranes decreases with the increase of the CNF loading, resulting in the enhancement of their hydrophilicity.     

Research of Ultrafine Cemented Carbides for PCB Microdrills

The nanocrystalline WC-10Co composite powders were produced with the processing method of spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction carburization.The grain growth inhibitors of 0.4wt% Cr_3C_2 and 0.4wt% VC were added into the composite powders to obtain advanced ultrafine hardmetals with minimal porosity,defects and discontinuous.The rod samples were formed by extrusion.They were sintered in cacuum with SIP treatment.The sintered rods were made into PCB microdrill samples after polishing.Mechanical properties(such as density,hardness,transverse rupture strenth(TRS),magnetic saturation induction and magnetic coercivity) of the sintered ultrafine cemented carbides were measured.The microstructures of them were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and?transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The experimental results show that the transverse rupture strength of the samples sintered in vacuum with sinterhip(SIP) treatment is more excellent.The grain size could be controlled in a range of 200-400 nm with the help of grain growth inhibitors.And the superfine grained materials have superior strength(3900 MPa) and high hardness(HRA=93.3).These features are ideal for PCB microdrills.     

Biological Evaluation of α—TCP／TTCP Composite Bone Cement

α-tricalcium phosphate(α-TCP)/tetracalcium phosphate(TTCP) composite bone cement had good hydration characterstic.In our system,α-TCP/TTCP powder mixture was mixed with water at a powder/liquid(P/L) ratio of 1.50g.mL^-1.The setting time could be adjusted.the maximum compressive strength was 45.36MPa,and the hydration product was hydroxyapatite(HAP),In vitro biological simulated experiments indicate that α-TCP/TTCP bone cement has α certain dissolubility.The hardened product is mainly HAP after soaking in simulated body fluid(SBF) for 10 weeks.The results of in vitro test and animal experiments and SEM analyses show that no local or general toxicity response,no muscle stimulation,no haemolysis,no cruor,no inflammatory reaction and no exclusion response are caused by α-TCP/TTCP cement,which can be contributed to bone tissue spreading and impinging,α-TCP/TTCP cement hydrated and hardened continually in vivo.The materials fused with host bone together with implanting time prolonging.Therefore,it is beliened that α-TCP/TTCP composite bone cement has a high biocompatibility and bioactivity,a certain biodegradation and good osteogenesis as well.     

A Novel Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane Composed of Nano-hydroxyapatite and Aliphatic Polyester-amide

1Introduction Guidedboneregeneration(GBR)methodisawell establishedtherapytotreatbonedefects.Theprincipleof GBRmethodistopreventaninvasionofsofttissuecells frominterferingwithosteogenesis.GBRmembranesalso haveanimportantfunctionwhichencouragesbone growth.T…     

人下颌骨密质骨的复合微动磨损特性研究

针对牙种植体-密质骨界面的微动损伤,采用球/面接触方式研究人下颌骨密质骨在倾斜角为45°、两种载荷水平下的复合微动磨损行为.在分析复合微动的动力学特性的同时,结合光学显微镜(OM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对磨痕形貌进行分析,对磨屑的成分进行了测定.结果表明,下颌骨密质骨的 F-D曲线只有椭圆形和准梯形两种,复合微动最终稳态的F-D曲线均为准梯形;在高载荷的情况下骨组织出现了大量的裂纹及组织碎屑,耗散能则出现了明显的波动;下颌骨复合微动的磨损机制表现为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、裂纹的扩展及组织碎屑润滑等共同作用的特征.