以壳聚糖为载体固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

介绍了以壳聚糖为载体固定化青霉素酰化酶需首先制备壳聚糖颗粒 ,使用戊二醛、甲醛、乙二醛 3种活化剂处理所得的壳聚糖颗粒 ,确定了以戊二醛为活化剂交联其上的氨基共价结合青霉素酰化酶的固定化方法。从戊二醛的浓度、pH值、固定化时间、固定化pH值、酶用量等条件摸索了最佳固定化条件 ,获得了酶活力为4 0 0 0 0U/ (g·h)、回收率为 5 0 %左右的固定化青霉素酰化酶。     

假丝酵母产脂肪酶在壳聚糖和硅胶上的固定化研究

本实验分别壳聚糖和氨基化后的硅胶作为固定化载体,用戊二醛作为交联剂,将脂舫酶共价固定化于载体上,壳聚糖的最佳固定化条件是戊二醛浓度2．5％,给酶量为4125U／g,氨基化硅胶的最佳固定化条件为戊二醛浓度2％,最佳给酶量在3456U／g,固定化酶活为2952U／g,最佳酶活表现率为85％。两种方法所得的固定化酶的耐温性和储藏稳定性都有了显著提高。氨基化硅胶固定化酶在50℃下保温3小时后仍保留有14％的酶活。结果显示假丝酵母产脂肪酶固定于弱亲水性载体上要比固定于强亲水性载体上效果更好。     

磁性SiO2纳米粒子的制备及其用于漆酶固定化

以氨基修饰的磁性SiO2纳米粒子为载体,通过交联剂戊二醛固定漆酶,对固定化条件进行了优化,比较了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学性质. 结果表明,漆酶固定化的最佳条件为戊二醛浓度8%(w),固定化时间6 h,缓冲液pH值7.0,初始酶液浓度0.15 g/L. 固定化的漆酶的最适pH为4.0,最适温度为20℃. 在60℃条件下保温4 h,固定化漆酶仍能保持酶活力60.9%,在连续10次操作后,酶活力仍能保持55%以上,其热稳定性和操作稳定性均比游离酶高.     

培养条件对白腐菌合成脂肪酶的影响

以橄榄油为碳源用白腐菌QB1(SarcodonasparatusQB1)合成脂肪酶,当碳源浓度为5mg/mL时,在培养基初始pH值为5.5,28℃条件下培养10d,脂肪酶活力为0.65U/mL,菌体干密度为3.05mg/mL,脂肪酶活力在培养基初始pH值为5.0～5.5时最高。当酶反应环境pH值分别为4.0～4.5和6.0～6.5时,脂肪酶相对酶活力分别下降为38%～60%和57%～63%。     

溶胶-凝胶法固定脂肪酶的方法研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,制备了S iO2微粒,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷作偶联剂对S iO2微粒进行表面改性,制备了一种功能化载体3-氨基丙基硅胶。以甲醛为偶联剂,将脂肪酶固定于3-氨基丙基硅胶上。用红外光谱对产物结构进行表征,同时研究了固定化酶的性质。结果表明,氨基化硅胶交联固定化脂肪酶具有可行性,固定化酶的最适反应温度在30℃附近,且在碱性范围内其稳定性比自然酶高;当pH=7.5,其它条件相同时,自然酶的活力大于固定化酶的活力。     

吸附-聚合物修饰组合固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶研究

通过吸附法联合PEG非共价修饰,研发了一种固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶(Candida antarctica lipase)的新方法,可以有效提高固定化酶在非水介质中的催化活性。最佳固定化条件为硅藻土:酶粉(W/W)=8,PEG4000:酶粉(W/W)=0.6,缓冲液pH7.5。采用三油酸甘油酯与甲醇的转酯化反应,测定了固定化酶的转酯活性。结果表明,固定化酶同时加入PEG进行非共价修饰,可显著提高固定化酶的转酯活力。PEG修饰的固定化酶转酯比活是未经PEG修饰的固定化酶的4.1倍,转酯酶活回收率为604.8%,说明PEG两性分子的特性对制备用于非水介质的固定化酶有重要作用。该固定化方法可显著提高Candida antarctica脂肪酶在非水介质中的催化效率,且固定化方法简单、成本低,具有工业应用价值。     

功能化磁性纳米颗粒固定化脂肪酶研究

用葡萄糖酸对Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面进行修饰,然后用水溶性碳化二亚胺（EDC）作偶联剂,对脂肪酶进行固定化。考察了偶联剂浓度、给酶量和反应时间对脂肪酶固定化过程的影响。结果表明,制备功能化磁性颗粒固定化酶的最佳条件为：偶联剂浓度为12．5mg／mL磷酸缓冲液（PBS）,给酶量为2．5mg／mLPBS,反应时间为24h。固定化脂肪酶表现出优异的热稳定性,60℃时酶活为游离酶的6倍。重复使用10次后,酶促活力依然保持80％以上。     

载脂肪酶壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊的制备

针对固定化脂肪酶的研究背景,以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为微载体制备材料,采用脉冲电场液滴工艺制备壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊。以脂肪酶为生物模型,系统考察了制备条件对载脂肪酶壳聚糖/海藻酸钙微胶囊酶活力的影响。结果表明:海藻酸钠质量浓度和酶与海藻酸钠载体配比是影响固定化酶活力的主要因素,载酶量为15mg/mL,海藻酸钠质量浓度为10mg/mL时载酶微胶囊酶活力最高,球形度好。通过改变壳聚糖质量浓度和相对分子质量,可以调控微胶囊膜的厚密程度进而影响固定化酶活力。成膜液pH值依次影响壳聚糖与海藻酸盐分子中官能团的电离状态、成膜反应静电络合程度、酶蛋白包封率,最终影响固定化酶活力。在载酶量为15mg/mL,海藻酸钠质量浓度为10mg/mL,壳聚糖相对分子质量、质量浓度和pH值依次为50kDa、1mg/mL和3.0的条件下,固定化酶活力为187IU/g。     

培养条件对白腐菌合成脂肪酶的影响

以橄榄油为碳源用白腐菌QB1(Sarcodon asparatus QB1)合成脂肪酶，当碳源浓度为5mg／mL时，在培养基初始pH值为5．5，28℃条件下培养10d，脂肪酶活力为0．65U／mL，菌体干密度为3．05mg／mL，脂肪酶活力在培养基初始pH值为5．0～5．5时最高。当酶反应环境pH值分别为4．0～4．5和6．0～6．5时，脂肪酶相对酶活力分别下降为38％～60％和57％～63％。     

基于乳化液体系脂肪酶球形酶的制备

在含有脂肪酶的油包水(W/O)乳化液体系中添加交联剂,经乳化交联后通过离心分离得到脂肪酶球形酶颗粒,考察了不同交联剂、交联时间和酶液质量浓度对球形酶活性的影响,得到制备脂肪酶球形酶的适宜条件为:以体积比1∶1的体积分数25%戊二醛溶液与体积分数3%聚乙烯亚胺溶液,在室温下反应5 min而形成的Glu-PEI共聚物为交联剂,交联2 h,酶质量浓度为50 g/L时形成的球形酶酶活残留率最高达到86.3%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.