基于蓝牙的无线通信技术及其在机器人中的应用

基于蓝牙的无线通信系统是模块化机器人闭环控制系统的一个重要组成部分,上位机与机器人之间的通信通过蓝牙模块来实现。本文在介绍了蓝牙技术的基础概念的基础上,提出了基于蓝牙的无线通信解决方案,解决了短距离模块化机器人的无线通信问题,简化了机器人无线通信的设计,增加了通信的可靠性。     

能力风暴智能机器人无线通信系统的研究

提出了实现能力风暴智能机器人之间无线通信的一种方法,介绍了能力风暴智能机器人平台及无线收发模块的功能,分析了用无线收发模块实现机器人之间无线通信的原理和设计要点.该无线通信系统脱离了计算机的控制,机器人可自行收发数据,实验结果表明:在有效范围内机器人之间能进行快速有效的通信.     

Design of a modular assembly of four-footed robots with multiple functions

Modern industries use many types of robots. In addition to general robotic arms, bipedal, tripedal, and quadrupedal robots, which were originally developed as toys, are gradually being used for multiple applications in manufacturing processes. This research begins with establishing the platform for four-footed robots with multiple functions, high sensitivity, and modular assembly and this is how a fundamental model of the industrial robots is constructed. Under additional loads, the four feet of the quadrupedal robot reinforce its carrying ability and reliability compared to bipedal or tripedal robots, which helps it to carry more objects and enhances functionality. Based on different requirements and demands from the manufacturing processes, the highly sensitive four-footed robot provides an expandable interface to add different sensing components. In addition, when combined with a wireless communication module or independent 1.2 GHz radio frequency CCD wireless image transmission system, the user can control the robot remotely and instantly. The design helps the four-footed robot to expand its applications. By assembling and disassembling modules and changing the sensing components, the highly sensitive four-footed robot can be used for different tasks. Moreover, the remote control function of the robot will increase interaction with human beings, so it can become highly become involved in people's lives. The platform of the four-footed robot will become a design reference for the commercialization of different industrial robots, and it will provide the design of industrial robots with more options and useful applications.     

CONRO: Towards Deployable Robots with Inter-Robots Metamorphic Capabilities

Metamorphic robots are modular robots that can reconfigure their shape. Such capability is desirable in tasks such as earthquake search and rescue and battlefield surveillance and scouting, where robots must go through unexpected situations and obstacles and perform tasks that are difficult for fixed-shape robots. The capabilities of the robots are determined by the design specification of their modules. In this paper, we present the design specification of a CONRO module, a small, self-sufficient and relatively homogeneous module that can be connected to other modules to form complex robots. These robots have not only the capability of changing their shape (intra-robot metamorphing) but also can split into smaller robots or merge with other robots to create a single larger robot (inter-robot metamorphing), i.e., CONRO robots can alter their shape and their size. Thus, heterogeneous robot teams can be built with homogeneous components. Furthermore, the CONRO robots can separate the reconfiguration stage from the locomotion stage, allowing the selection of configuration-dependent gaits. The locomotion and automatic inter-module docking capabilities of such robots were tested using tethered prototypes that can be reconfigured manually. We conclude the paper discussing the future work needed to fully realize the construction of these robots.     

一种用于食品链信息管理的RFID读写器的设计

介绍了一种符合ISO/IEC 15693协议的电子标签读写器系统,提出了一种适合于食品链信息管理的便携式RFID读卡器设计方案.该读卡器系统包括控制模块、射频识别通信模块、无线传感网数传模块、信息存储模块、电源管理模块、网络接口模块以及服务器数据备份等.本文主要介绍系统备模块的框架设计,并给出了信息的处理方法.     

Present and future robot control development—An industrial perspective

Robot control is a key competence for robot manufacturers and a lot of development is made to increase robot performance, reduce robot cost and introduce new functionalities. Examples of development areas that get big attention today are multi robot control, safe control, force control, 3D vision, remote robot supervision and wireless communication. The application benefits from these developments are discussed as well as the technical challenges that the robot manufacturers meet. Model-based control is now a key technology for the control of industrial robots and models and control schemes are continuously refined to meet the requirements on higher performance even when the cost pressure leads to the design of robot mechanics that is more difficult to control. Driving forces for the future development of robots can be found in, for example, new robot applications in the automotive industry, especially for the final assembly, in small and medium size enterprises, in foundries, in food industry and in the processing and assembly of large structures. Some scenarios on future robot control development are proposed. One scenario is that light-weight robot concepts could have an impact on future car manufacturing and on future automation of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). Such a development could result in modular robots and in control schemes using sensors in the robot arm structure, sensors that could also be used for the implementation of redundant safe control. Introducing highly modular robots will increase the need of robot installation support, making Plug and Play functionality even more important. One possibility to obtain a highly modular robot program could be to use a recently developed new type of parallel kinematic robot structure with large work space in relation to the robot foot print. For further efficient use of robots, the scenario of adaptive robot performance is introduced. This means that the robot control is optimised with respect to the thermal and fatigue load on the robot for the specific program that the robot performs. The main conclusion of the presentation is that industrial robot development is far away from its limits and that a lot of research and development is needed to obtain a more widely use of robot automation in industry.     

A distributed and morphology-independent strategy for adaptive locomotion in self-reconfigurable modular robots

In this paper, we present a distributed reinforcement learning strategy for morphology-independent life-long gait learning for modular robots. All modules run identical controllers that locally and independently optimize their action selection based on the robot’s velocity as a global, shared reward signal. We evaluate the strategy experimentally mainly on simulated, but also on physical, modular robots. We find that the strategy: (i) for six of seven configurations (3–12 modules) converge in 96% of the trials to the best known action-based gaits within 15 min, on average, (ii) can be transferred to physical robots with a comparable performance, (iii) can be applied to learn simple gait control tables for both M-TRAN and ATRON robots, (iv) enables an 8-module robot to adapt to faults and changes in its morphology, and (v) can learn gaits for up to 60 module robots but a divergence effect becomes substantial from 20–30 modules. These experiments demonstrate the advantages of a distributed learning strategy for modular robots, such as simplicity in implementation, low resource requirements, morphology independence, reconfigurability, and fault tolerance.     

Developing a module-based security system for an intelligent home

The security system in a workplace or home is important to human life. Unlucky events are often caused by the negligence of humans. We have developed a modulebased security system for home automation. The structure of the security system contains many modules. Each module has two types of interface (wireless RF and speech). There are active and passive modules in the security system. The active security module is a smart robot. We have designed many types of smart robot for the security system. The passive security modules include a fire security module, an intruder security module, an environment security module, a gas security module, an AC power security module, and an appliance control module. In the security module, we use multisensor fusion algorithms to decide the exact output. In these modules, we use a two-wire communication method through the wireless RF interface, and a voice alarm for serious events, and transmit the real-time status to the supervised computer. In the smart robot system, we have designed many types of smart robot for the security system. We have designed a general user interface (GUI) for the intelligent security system. The user interface can supervise these modules and the smart robots via the wireless RF device, and supervise the security system via wireless, Internet, and cell phone.     

On Modular Design of Field Robotic Systems

Robots are needed to perform important field tasks such as hazardous material clean-up, nuclear site inspection, and space exploration. Unfortunately their use is not widespread due to their long development times and high costs. To make them practical, a modular design approach is proposed. Prefabricated modules are rapidly assembled to give a low-cost system for a specific task.This paper described the modular design problem for field robots and the application of a hierarchical selection process to solve this problem. Theoretical analysis and an example case study are presented. The theoretical analysis of the modular design problem revealed the large size of the search space. It showed the advantages of approaching the design on various levels.The hierarchical selection process applies physical rules to reduce the search space to a computationally feasible size and a genetic algorithm performs the final search in a greatly reduced space. This process is based on the observation that simple physically based rules can eliminate large sections of the design space to greatly simplify the search.The design process is applied to a duct inspection task. Five candidate robots were developed. Two of these robots are evaluated using detailed physical simulation. It is shown that the more obvious solution is not able to complete the task, while the non-obvious asymmetric design develop by the process is successful.     

基于ZigBee技术的F180足球机器人通信系统设计

ZigBee是一种新兴的短距离、低数据传输速率、低功耗、低复杂度、低成本的无线网络通信技术。本文应用ZigBee技术设计了一个适用于足球机器人系统的无线通信系统,并通过实验验证了设计的可行性。     

基于ZigBee技术的F180足球机器人通信系统设计

ZigBee是一种新兴的短距离、低数据传输速率、低功耗、低复杂度、低成本的无线网络通信技术。本文应用ZigBee技术设计了一个适用于足球机器人系统的无线通信系统,并通过实验验证了设计的可行性。     

车载数据采集系统的无线解决方案研究

针对高校班车“一卡通”数据采集难的问题,基于固定无线接入技术提出了一种车载数据采集系统的无线解决方案,在嵌入式车载终端与基站间搭建简易、安全的短距离无线通信协议,利用低成本的射频读卡模块和无线通信模块,设计了一个基于车载读卡器的无线数据采集系统,为校园内设备间的远程数据通信提供了一个新的解决方案。该系统在公交“一卡通”的数据采集中有着广阔的应用前景。     

An efficient cooperative exploration strategy for wireless sensor network

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in several applications such as healthcare devices, aerospace systems, automobile industry, security monitoring. However, WSNs have several challenges to improve the efficiency, robustness, failure tolerance and reliability of these sensors. Thus, cooperation between sensors is an important deal that increases sensor trust. Cooperative WSNs can be used to optimize the exploration of an unknown area in a distributed way. In this paper, the distributed Markovian model strategy that is used due to their past state-dependent reasoning. Moreover, the exploration strategy depends totally on the wireless communication protocol. Hence, in this paper, we propose an efficient cooperative strategy based on cognitive radio and software-defined radio which are promising technologies that increase spectral utilization and optimize the use of radio resources. We implement a distributed exploration strategy (DES) in mobile robots, and several experiments have been performed to localize targets while avoiding obstacles. Experiments were performed with several exploration robots. A comparison with another exploration strategy shows that DES improves the robots exploration.     

LOGUE: an architecture for task and behavior object transmission among multiple autonomous robots

This paper proposes a new communication and control architecture which improves the capability and the flexibility of multiple autonomous robot systems in performing a complicated task and coping with unpredictable situations. This system treats robot’s information as a Behavior Element Object (BEO) and a Task Object (TO) in terms of Object Oriented paradigm. Both BEO and TO can be serialized, so they can be communicated among the robots and behavior server system in the network. The action manager module, device module, and some checking mechanisms are also designed for executing new TO or BEO sent from other robots or a server system. A simulation and basic experiments are presented for a situation of robots’ relief for an emergency purpose.     

基于无线数传模块的无人机通信系统设计

为提高无人机飞行的距离,设计了利用无线数传模块作为载体的通信系统;该系统分为下位机模块和上位机模块两部分,其中下位机模块主要处理遥控器控制信息和RTCA格式差分GPS信息并提出了一种同时传输这两种信息的数据格式;上位机模块则分别获取这两种信息用于得到高定位精度GPS数据和控制舵机;试飞实验表明,与传统的利用无线电发射机和接收机传输相比,该系统不仅能突破无线电通信距离的限制,还能有效消除外界电磁场对无线电信号的干扰。     

Multiagent control of self-reconfigurable robots

We demonstrate how multiagent systems provide useful control techniques for modular self-reconfigurable (metamorphic) robots. Such robots consist of many modules that can move relative to each other, thereby changing the overall shape of the robot to suit different tasks. Multiagent control is particularly well-suited for tasks involving uncertain and changing environments. We illustrate this approach through simulation experiments of Proteo, a metamorphic robot system currently under development.     

一种构建超大规模数据中心的模块化网络结构

模块化数据中心网络的模块间互联结构和路由负责模块的有效组织,以及不同模块服务器间的高效通信.为此,如何设计具有高带宽、高容错和高可扩展能力的互联结构以支持大规模、超大规模数据中心的构建成为模块化数据中心网络需要解决的首要问题.提出了一种构建超大规模模块化数据中心的模块间互联结构MDKautz,该结构通过模块内大量未被使用的交换机预留高速端口将模块以Kautz图互连,在无需额外增加任何高端交换设备的前提下,构造出具有高带宽、高容错和灵活可持续扩展性的超大规模数据中心网络.对MDKautz的构建方法、路由策略以及扩展方法进行了分析,数学分析和模拟实验结果证明了该新型网络结构具有良好的拓扑特性和通信性能,可有效支持数据中心高带宽、高容错的典型应用.     

微型四旋翼飞行侦察机器人控制系统设计

针对微型四旋翼飞行侦察机器人控制系统进行研究和设计,采用基于Cortex-M4内核的32位高性能单片机STM32F405RG为控制器进行了模块化设计,主要包括动力模块、姿态检测模块、无线通信模块和无线视频传输模块,分别对各模块的硬件和软件设计进行了详细介绍.实验验证,本控制系统运行可靠、稳定.     

基于无线通信的开放式实验测试系统设计

设计一个以无线通信作为主、从模块之间数据传输机制的开放式实验测试系统,利用LabVIEW软件环境开发控制台的人机交互界面,实现各从机实验数据的实时采集、传送、存储及处理分析等多项功能。采用功能强、性能好、体积小的AVR M16单片机作为实验终端控制器,使用集成度高、成本低、外围精简的射频芯片IA4432完成数据的无线收发,降低系统开发的难度,增强系统的稳定性和可移植性。在多台实验终端上的测试结果证明,该系统可靠性较好。     

A Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robot with Enhanced Locomotion Performances: Design,Modeling, Simulations,and Experiments

This paper presents the design and implementation of a modular self-reconfigurable robot with enhanced locomotion capabilities. It is a small hexahedron robot which is 160 mm × 140 mm × 60 mm in size and 405 g in weight. The robot is driven by three omnidirectional wheels, with up and down symmetrical structure. The robot can perform rectilinear and rotational locomotion, and turn clockwise and counterclockwise without limitation. A new docking mechanism that combines the advantages of falcula and pin-hole has been designed for attaching and detaching different modules. The communication and image data transmission are based on a wireless network. The kinematics and dynamics of the single module has been analyzed, and the enhanced locomotion capabilities of the prototype robot are verified through experiments. The maximum linear velocity is 25.1cm/s, which is much faster than other modular self-reconfigurable robots. The mobility of two connected modules is analyzed in the ADAMS simulator. The locomotion of the docking modules is more flexible. Simulations on the wheel and crawling locomotion are conducted, the trajectories of the robot are shown, and the movement efficiency is analyzed. The docking mechanisms are tested through docking experiments, and the effectiveness has been verified. When the transmission time interval between the adjacent packets is more than 4 ms, the wireless network will not lose any packet at the maximum effective distance of 37 m in indoor environments.