超声在老年颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉粥样硬化狭窄诊断及治疗中的意义。方法选择382例缺血性脑血管病患者,有脑卒中史1 71例,无脑卒中史41例,头晕170例。彩色多普勒超声检查斑块大小、斑块回声、是否合并溃疡;测量并记录颈动脉狭窄近端、狭窄处收缩期峰值流速(PSV),舒张末期流速(EDV)。计算颈动脉狭窄率,用颈动脉狭窄率与颈动脉狭窄处PSV、EDV、颈动脉狭窄处与狭窄近端PSV/PSV行直线回归分析,推算颈动脉狭窄的彩色多普勒血流参数分级标准。结果有脑卒中史患者在低回声斑块、等回声斑块、强回声斑块、不均匀回声斑块分别为39、10、41、81例,无脑卒中史患者分别为6、6、27、2例。血管造影和超声检查对斑块溃疡诊断分别为87、94例。颈动脉狭窄处PSV≥1 45 cm/s、EDV≥45 cm/s、颈动脉狭窄处与狭窄近端PSv/PSV≥2.0和颈动脉狭窄处PSV≥260 cm/s、E)V≥88 cm/s、颈动脉狭窄处与狭窄近端PSV/PSV≥3.6可以分别作为颈动脉狭窄≥50%和颈动脉狭窄≥70%的血流参数临界点。结论超声可以作为颈动脉狭窄的第一筛选手段,PSV、EDV、颈动脉狭窄处与狭窄近端PSV/PSV是评估颈动脉狭窄程度准确的多普勒血流动力学参数。     

血管超声与脑血管造影诊断颈动脉狭窄的对比研究

目的评价血管超声技术与脑血管造影诊断颈动脉狭窄的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析130例缺血性脑血管病患者的颈部血管超声和数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查结果 ,评价血管超声诊断颈动脉狭窄的价值。颈动脉狭窄率及狭窄程度分级按北美症状性颈动脉内膜剥脱术进行计算。结果 130例患者中,260支颈动脉行2种检查,DSA检查显示63例患者颈动脉狭窄,狭窄血管71支,血管超声检查显示56例患者颈动脉狭窄,狭窄血管70支。以DSA检查结果为金标准,血管超声诊断颈内动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为71.88%、94.47%和88.97%。血管超声诊断中、重度颈内动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为55.56%、99.20%和97.69%。以DSA诊断结果为标准,血管超声诊断颈总动脉狭窄的敏感性为100%,特异性为97.6%,准确性为97.69%。结论血管超声诊断颈动脉狭窄的敏感性较高,诊断颈总动脉狭窄的敏感性高于颈内动脉,可用于颈动脉狭窄的筛选和随访,但对于血管重度狭窄和闭塞诊断仍欠佳,尚不能取代DSA检查。     

颈动脉超声和CT血管成像及DSA在颈动脉夹层诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨颈动脉超声、CT血管成像(CTA)及DSA对颈动脉夹层的诊断价值。方法对24例颈动脉夹层患者的三种影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果 DSA检查24例,CTA检查16例,颈动脉超声检查21例。DSA、CTA、颈动脉超声检查颈动脉夹层的检出率分别为95.8%(23例)、75.0%(12例)、71.4%(15例)。其中DSA显示以线样征最多见,有12例(占50%),CTA检查和颈动脉超声检查均以双腔征多见,分别为37.5%(6例)和52.4%(11例)。颈动脉超声及CTA检出颈动脉夹层与DSA相比,一致率分别为66.7%和81.3%,差异均无统计学意义(分别为Kappa=0.39,P=0.08;Kappa=0.43,P=0.22)。颈动脉超声联合CTA检查与DSA的一致率为87.5%(15例),(Kappa=0.67,P=0.047),差异有统计学意义。结论 DSA是诊断颈动脉夹层的金标准,不可替代。颈动脉超声联合CTA能提高诊断率,颈动脉超声可作为颈动脉夹层的筛查方法。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉造影的关系

目的评价颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉性心脏病(冠心病)的关系。方法对冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者153例(冠心病组)和非冠心病者(正常组)42例进行双侧颈动脉超声检查,测定血管后壁内膜-中膜厚度(inteima-media thickness,IMT),记录斑块数目,并计算斑块积分,同时冠心病组按血管狭窄累及主要病变血管支数分为单支病变亚组(63例)、双支病变亚组(49例)、3支病变亚组(41例)。结果冠心病组斑块发生率[68%(104/153) vs.11.9%(5/42),P<0.05]、颈动脉IMT[(1.11±0.19)mm vs.(0.82±0.06)mm,P<0.05]、斑块积分[(5.03±3.33)分vs.(1.11±0.75)分,P<0.05]和Gensini评分[(21.7±10.3)分vs.(0.0±0.0)分,P<0.05]比正常组高,差异有统计学意义。冠心病3支病变亚组和双支病变亚组斑块发生率、颈动脉IMT、斑块积分和Gensini评分均比单支病变亚组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。冠心病、原发性高血压、糖尿病、低密度脂蛋白、吸烟、肥胖与颈动脉IMT呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结...     

3.0 T颈动脉全景磁共振血管造影比较

目的比较时间飞跃磁共振血管造影(TOF-MRA)和增强高分辨MRA(CE-MRA)、动态MRA(Dynamic,Dyn-MRA)对全景头颈部动脉粥样硬化狭窄的诊断价值。方法对31例患者行3.0 T MRA检查,均接受TOF-MRA扫描后随机接受CE-MRA和Dyn-MRA。分别对血管段显示、血管信号强度和静脉污染进行评分;以数字减影血管造影术为标准,对颈动脉分叉、颈总动脉起始部狭窄进行评价。结果与CE-MRA和Dyn-MRA比较,TOF-MRA评分4分血管段显示比例低(Z=-3.13,Z=-3.16,P<0.05);与Dyn-MRA比较,TOF-MRA评分4分血管信号强度增强比例高(Z=-2.05,P<0.05)。TOF-MRA静脉无污染,与Dyn-MRA比较,CE-MRA出现静脉污染比例高(Z=-8.62,P<0.05)。TOF-MRA诊断颈总动脉分叉处狭窄准确率高于颈总动脉起始部。结论TOF-MRA、CE-MRA和Dyn-MRA均能实现头颈部动脉全景成像;TOF-MRA可作为一线颈动脉粥样硬化筛查方法,补充CE-MRA和Dyn-MRA有助于提高颈动脉狭窄的准确性。     

磁共振弥散像血管造影及颈动脉超声对短暂脑缺血发作的诊断价值

目的　评价磁共振弥散加权对比成像、数字减影血管造影术 (DSA)及颈动脉超声对短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA)的诊断价值。方法　 10 2例颈内动脉及椎基底动脉系统TIA患者分别进行磁共振弥散加权对比成像、DSA及颈动脉超声检查。结果　 4 0例 (39.2 %)TIA患者显示脑梗死或小血管腔隙性梗死 ,其中 12例 (11.8%)患者弥散加权对比成像可显示T2 加权像不能显示的超早期梗死灶 ,有 30例患者行颈动脉多普勒超声及DSA检查 ,管腔中、重度狭窄的 10例 (33.3%)。 2 3例 (76 .7%)TIA患者DSA显示颈动脉狭窄和 (或 )相应脑动脉的狭窄及闭塞。结论　磁共振弥散加权对比成像及DSA是诊断TIA患者中超早期脑梗死和显示动脉狭窄及闭塞的敏感手段 ,颈动脉超声对管腔正常或轻度狭窄诊断的吻合率较高 ,对中、重度狭窄或闭塞诊断的准确性不如DSA。     

经颅多普勒超声与数字减影血管造影诊断颈动脉狭窄的对比

目的比较经颅多普勒超声(TCD)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)在颈动脉狭窄诊断中的应用效果。方法选择经DSA诊断为颈动脉狭窄的81例患者为研究对象,均接受TCD诊断,将DSA诊断结果作为金标准,统计分析TCD对颈动脉狭窄诊断的灵敏性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性,并与DSA诊断结果进行对比。结果本次研究81例患者共检测到狭窄血管106条,TCD诊断颈动脉狭窄程度轻度、中度、重度、闭塞准确性依次为72.23%、72.06%、86.17%、100.00%,敏感性依次为80.00%、47.22%、57.14%、92.86%,特异性依次为71.83%、85.56%、94.02%、98.92%,阳性预测值依次为58.33%、62.96%、70.59%、92.86%,阴性预测值依次为87.93%、75.62%、89.84%、98.89%。Kappa一致性检验发现TCD诊断结果与DSA金标准一致性较好(K=0.51)。结论 TCD诊断颈动脉狭窄有非常可靠的诊断价值,尤其是对于重度狭窄或闭塞诊断准确性很高,与DSA比较有很好的一致性,值得推广。     

超声检查发现的重度颈动脉狭窄还有必要进一步行血管造影吗？

临床上已广泛应用多普勒超声对颈动脉狭窄进行评价，但其检查结果能否作为颈动脉内膜切除术的依据，是否还需要进一步行血管造影，目前尚存异议。文章就多普勒超声的可靠性和局限性、血管造影的风险和益处，以及无创性检查的联合应用等问题做了分析。     

颈动脉粥样硬化性疾病的诊治进展

<正>颈动脉是向大脑提供富氧血液的主要血管,承担脑组织85%的血液,是脑供血的要塞。同时,颈动脉是全身大动脉中最表浅的一支,颈动脉粥样硬化与心脑血管疾病存在良好的相关性,是全身动脉粥样硬化性疾病形成和演变的反映窗口。更重要的是,颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑卒中的重要病因,脑栓塞的栓子大部分来自颈动脉。近年来,颈动脉粥样硬化引起心脑血管领域专家们的高度重视,相继出台多个包括颈动脉疾病在内的外周动脉粥样硬化诊治指南。然而,即便如此,医患对颈动脉疾病的认知水平仍普遍较低,极有必要对颈动脉疾病相关知识进行广泛宣传。本研究将对颈动脉粥样硬化性疾病的最新诊治进展进行综述。     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

脑梗死是临床上中老年人最常见的缺血性脑血管疾病,其主要病因是颈动脉粥样硬化并狭窄,本文收集40例颈动脉粥样硬化患者的彩色多普勒超声(彩超)资料,探讨彩超检查在颈动脉粥样硬化诊断中的价值。1资料与方法1·1一般资料收集我院2003年1月~2005年10月40例颈动脉粥样硬化患者的临床资料,其中男23例,女17例,平均年龄60岁。临床均有高血压,血脂、胆固醇均不同程度增高,其中16例患有糖尿病。经CT或MRI检查36例患者有基底核腔隙性梗死灶或/和大面积脑梗死及软化灶。1·2方法超声检查使用Sequoia512、HP-IP彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率为5~1…     

Correlations between measures of atherosclerosis change using carotid ultrasonography and coronary angiography

Few studies have examined the correlation between change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and change in coronary artery disease. In the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study, current nonsmoking men with coronary artery disease were randomized to colestipol-niacin or placebo. Among 133 subjects with baseline and on-trial coronary angiography and carotid ultrasonography, colestipol-niacin treatment significantly reduced progression of atherosclerosis by both end point measures (2-year average change in percent diameter stenosis by coronary angiography and rate of change in carotid IMT). Significant correlations between change in common carotid artery IMT and quantitative coronary angiographic measures of change were evident over all coronary artery lesions, and in mild/moderate (<50% diameter stenosis), but not severe (≥50% diameter stenosis) coronary artery lesions. In mild/moderate lesions, correlations with change in common carotid IMT were: percent diameter stenosis (r=0.28, P=0.002), minimum lumen diameter (r=−0.28, P=0.002), and vessel edge roughness (r=0.25, P=0.003). While measures obtained by carotid ultrasonography and coronary angiography are correlated, they each assess different aspects of atherosclerosis change.     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断颈动脉粥样硬化中的价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉粥样硬化的超声诊断和临床价值.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对68例颈动脉粥样硬化患者进行检查,观察管腔内径、内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)、有无斑块形成及分布、管腔狭窄程度及血流动力学情况.结果 68例患者中16例单纯出现颈动脉内膜-中层增厚、内膜面毛糙,粥样硬化斑块形成52例,颈动脉狭窄42例,血流显像充盈缺损41例.结论 彩色多普勒超声是诊断颈动脉粥样硬化准确、有效的方法,对早期诊断颈动脉粥样硬化有重要的临床价值.     

颈动脉粥样硬化彩超诊断记分法的实用性及可重复性

Objective To study the practicality and repeatability of B-mode ultrasonography on diagnosis and score of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods Ninety-nine B-mode ultrasonography pictures of carotid atherosclerosis were obtained from field investigation. According to the established standard(normal scored as 0, other scored as 1 - 7 by the severity), the 99 pictures were diagnosed and scored once together by three trained inexperienced members of the research team. Ten days later, these pictures were diagnosed and scored respectively, by the three members.The diagnostic results were analyzed with statistical methods to test the feasibility and repeatability of this set of diagnostic and scoring system. Results The joint diagnostic results by the three group members were regard as standard with scores 0 in 27 cases, 1 in 27 cases, 2 in 10 cases, 3 in 4 cases, 4 in 13 cases, 5 in 8 cases, 6 in 6 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member A was 0 in 29 cases, 1 in 24 cases, 2 in 11 cases, 3 in 2 cases, 4 in 12 cases, 5 in 11 cases, 6 in 6 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member B was 0 in 29 cases, 1 in 22 cases, 2 in 14 cases, 3 in 4 cases, 4 in 13 cases, 5 in 5 cases, 6 in 8 cases, and 7 in 4 cases. Independent diagnostic results by member C was 0 in 28 cases, 1 in 25 cases, 2 in 8 cases, 3 in 5 cases, 4 in 14 cases, 5 in 10 cases, 6 in 4 cases, and 7 in 5 cases. Comparison of the 4 diagnostic scores, the difference was not statistically significant(F = 0.019, P ＞ 0.05). Joint diagnostic results of the three members were compared with the standard and correlation coefficient were 0.977,0.987,0.932, respectively(all P ＜ 0.01 ). The correlation coefficient of diagnostic results of each member were 0.969,0.935,0.928, respectively (all P ＜0.01 ). Diagnostic results of each member were consistent with the standard and the compliance rate were 88.9% (88/99) ,90.9%(90/99) and 86.9%(86/99), respectively. Conclusions B-mode ultrasonography is a non-injure method for diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis in epidemiology investigation. The method is easy to grasp and has a good repeatability.     

颈动脉粥样硬化彩超诊断记分法的实用性及可重复性

目的 探讨已建立的对颈动脉粥样硬化进行大规模流行病学调查的彩超诊断记分法的实用性及可重复性.方法通过现场流行病学调查得到99份颈动脉彩超片.3名经临床彩超医生培训的课题组成员,按照已经建立的标准(正常为0分,依病例严重程度分为1～7分),共同对99份彩超片进行诊断并记分1次;10日后3名课题组成员对99份彩超片各自独立进行盲评,诊断并记分.对诊断结果进行统计分析,检验该套诊断记分体系的可行性及可重复性.结果 3名课题组成员甲、乙、丙共同诊断的结果为0分27例、1分27例、12分10例、3分4例、4分13例、5分8例、6分6例、7分4例;甲独立诊断的结果为0分29例、1分24例、2分11例、3分2例、4分12例、5分11例、6分6例、7分4例;乙独立诊断的结果为0分29例、1分22例、2分14例、3分4例、4分13例、5分5例、6分8例、7分4例;丙独立诊断的结果为0分28例、1分25例、2分8例、3分5例、4分14例、5分10例、6分4例、7分5例.4次诊断的记分结果比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.019,P＞0.05);甲、乙、丙分别诊断结果与共同诊断结果呈高度相关(r值分别为0.977、0.987和0.932,P均＜0.01),甲、乙、丙分别诊断结果之间亦呈高度相关(r值分别为0.969、0.935和0.928,P均＜0.01);甲、乙、丙分别诊断结果与共同诊断结果之间的符合率分别为88.9%(88/99)、90.9%(90/99)和86.9%(86/99).结论在流行病学调查研究中,颈动脉粥样硬化的彩超诊断记分法具有良好的实用性及可重复性.     

Changes in carotid atherosclerosis patterns detected by ultrasonography in Japanese elderly patients with aortic aneurysm

To clarify current changes in the patterns of carotid atherosclerosis in Japan, carotid ultrasonographic findings in Japanese male patients with aortic aneurysm were compared between two groups examined in different periods. The first group was recruited from 42 consecutively examined patients in 1997, while the second group consisted of 40 consecutive patients from September, 2001 to January, 2002. Carotid lesions were analyzed by computer, and classified into three types based on the texture: echolucent, hyperechoic, and heterogeneous types. The mean age of the first group was 72 years, similar to that of the second group. In the first group, cigarette smoking was frequently noted, while the mean BMI was greater and IHD and CVD were frequent in the second group. Fifty carotid lesions were seen in each group. Severe stenosis and hypoechoic type lesions were more frequent in the second group than in the first group. These findings indicated that hypoechoic-type lesions, which are considered to be lipid deposition, hemorrhage, or loose fibrous tissue, and severe stenosis, were increased in the more recent group. This predicted that circulatory disturbance due to unstable atherosclerotic lesions may increase in the future among the elderly because carotid lesions reflect vascular change in other organs.     

MRI and ultrasonography of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and carotid arteries in elderly hypercholesterolemic patients]

In 53 elderly participants aged more than 60 the thoracic aorta and bilateral carotid arteries were observed with noninvasive techniques, MRI and ultra-sonography, in order to elucidate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the elderly. Hypercholesterolemic subjects were classified as group H (serum total cholesterol (TC) greater than 220 mg/dl), group H-I (220 mg/dl less than TC less than 250 mg/dl) and group H-II (TC greater than or equal to 250 mg/dl). Atherosclerotic changes of the thoracic aorta were observed in 46% of group H, 27% of group H-I, 60% of group H-II and 37% of normolipidemic subjects (group NL). Carotid atherosclerotic changes were observed in 19% of group H, 9% of group H-I, 27% of group H-II and 18% of group NL. In group H-I, the percentages of atherosclerotic changes in both thoracic aorta and carotid arteries were lower than those in group NL. However, atherosclerotic changes of thoracic aorta and carotid arteries were detected in 43% and 29% of the subjects showing higher apo B/Apo Al ratio than 1.0 among group H-I + NL (TC less than 250 mg/dl). These changes occurred in 32% and 13% of the subjects showing lower apo B/Apo Al ratio than 1.0 among the same groups. Namely, atherosclerotic changes of the thoracic aorta and carotid arteries were observed more frequently in the subjects showing a higher apo B/Apo Al ratio than 1.0 even if their serum cholesterol values were not higher than 250 mg/dl. We should use not only the serum cholesterol value but also the apo B/Apo Al ratio as an indicator to evaluate the roles of lipids in the development of atherosclerosis.     

彩色超声心动图对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩超对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值。方法：180例患有不同程度慢性病患者,按年龄分为三组：〈60岁组（39例）,60岁≤年龄〈70岁组（49例）,≥70岁（92例）,对各组患者进行颈动脉超声检查,观察斑块好发部位、超声特征并进行统计分析。结果：180例中有132例（73．3％）发现动脉粥样硬化斑块,其中硬斑、软斑、扁平斑、溃疡斑的发生率分别为42．1％,33．0％,21。0％,3．9％;有23例（17．4％）发现不同程度的动脉狭窄,随年龄的增长,颈动脉粥样硬化发生率（61．5％比67．3％比87．0％）及血管狭窄的发生率（5．1％比10．2％比17．4％）也随着明显增加（P均〈0．05）。斑块的发生部位依次为颈总动脉分叉处（46．2％）、颈总动脉主干（28．0％）、颈内动脉起始段（21．9％）、颈外动脉（3．9％）。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声是准确、经济、有效的颈动脉无创性检查方法,能够早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及其硬化程度,有助于动脉粥样硬化的防治。     

颈动脉超声检查预测冠状动脉硬化的价值

目的：通过分析颈动脉斑块与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系探讨颈动脉超声预测冠状动脉粥样硬化的意义。方法：对122例临床疑诊为冠心病或胸痛待查的患者行颈动脉超声检查,观察颈动脉有无斑块及斑块数量,计算其积分;对颈动脉有斑块的患者行冠状动脉多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA,75例）或者冠状动脉造影（CAG,47例）,并将颈动脉超声结果与MSCTA或者CAG结果进行对比分析。结果：超声颈总动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）对CAG诊断冠状动脉硬化的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为82％、33％、84％;对MSCTA诊断冠状动脉硬化的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为79％、33％、86％;超声颈总动脉斑块对CAG诊断冠状动脉硬化的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89％、55％、89％;对MSCTA诊断冠状动脉硬化的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为87％、58％、92％。冠状动脉单支、双支和三支病变组颈动脉粥样硬化等级分和斑块数均明显高于无病变组（P〈0．05～〈0．01）,双支和三支病变组的IMT等级分和颈动脉超声斑块数又明显高于单支病变组（P〈0．01）,而双支和三支病变组间的IMT等级分和颈动脉超声斑块数无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：颈动脉超声检测可以方便及时地发现颈动脉粥样硬化病变,对冠状动脉粥样硬化的预测有一定意义。     

Parity and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese women

BackgroundThe relationship between parity and atherosclerosis has been reported in some ethnic populations. However, results regarding Chinese women are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association of parity and carotid atherosclerosis, which has a predictive value of subsequent atherosclerotic events in elderly Chinese women.MethodsA total of 2, 052 participants from the medical examination center of the Third Xiangya Hospital were enrolled in the study. A standardized, structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on subjects'' demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular risk factors. High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine carotid plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 66.1 ± 5.5 years. Women with more birth appeared to have a higher risk of carotid artery plaques. A multivariate-adjusted model yielded an odds ratio of 1.38 (95% CI: 12%-70%, P = 0.003) per birth. A positive association was observed between parity and common carotid IMT (β ± SE: 0.029 ± 0.006, P < 0.001), and internal carotid IMT (β ± SE: 0.011 ± 0.005, P = 0.03) in a univariate model; however, these associations became non-significant in multivariate-adjusted models. When common carotid IMT was classified into an IMT ≥ 1 mm group and an IMT < 1 mm group, higher parity was associated with more obvious thickening both in the unadjusted model (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.29-2.00, P < 0.001) and in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09-1.88, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThere is a positive association between parity and risk of carotid plaques, as well as between parity and risk of obvious thickening for common carotid IMT in elderly Chinese women, indicating multiparous women might experience more atherosclerotic challenges.