Legumes and Mineral Absorption,With Special Reference to Soybean Proteins

Among the legume foods, soy proteins are finding increased use in human diets. Hence, selected aspects of dietary mineral absorption and availability in reference to soy proteins are reviewed, with particular attention being given to the human nutritional context. Data from animal feeding studies are considered first as a basis for indicating the value, as well as limitations, of data from animal bioassays on mineral absorption as they may relate directly to human feeding. It is apparent that the availability of zinc and iron in soy-based diets given to animals is variable and it is difficult to draw generalized conclusions about legumes and mineral absorption in reference to man. The limited data obtained in human metabolic studies are reviewed and they lead to the conclusion that well-processed soy concentrates and isolates do not impair zinc absorption or nutriture. The effects of diets based on significant intakes of soy foods on the absorption of iron are still unclear although the major available evidence does not suggest significant untoward consequences of increased soy-protein intake on body iron nutriture. This problem deserves more attention, and not only with respect to iron but also other trace elements for which data in human subjects are limited or entirely lacking. Preliminary results of studies of MIT experiments, in which stable isotope probes are being developed to quantify mineral bioavailability, arc reviewed as a basis for indicating possible novel and useful approaches for exploring quantitative aspects of nutrient bioavailability in diets consumed directly by man.     

儿童大叶性肺炎570例临床分析

目的:分析儿童大叶性肺炎的临床特点、病原学变迁及治疗转归。方法:对2005年1月～2009年6月于吉林大学第一医院接受诊治的570例儿童大叶性肺炎患儿的临床症状、体征,病原学特点及治疗转归进行回顾性分析。结果:570例患儿中发热456例,咳嗽535例,胸痛39例,各型皮疹36例;肺炎支原体抗体阳性377例,金黄色葡萄球菌感染66例,白甲丝酵母菌感染36例,肺炎链球菌感染35例,肺炎克雷白杆菌及溶血性链球菌感染各32例,合并病毒感染119例;合并肺内并发症216例,肺外损伤以循环及消化系统为主;经系统治疗后,162例治愈,394例好转,14例死亡。结论:近年来,由肺炎链球菌感染引起的大叶性肺炎逐渐减少,而由支原体、病毒及其它细菌感染引起的大叶性肺炎逐渐增多。对于高热持续不退,刺激性干咳时间长,肺部体征不明显的大叶性肺炎患儿,应加强支原体抗体检测,必要时可早期应用大环内酯类药物;对于感染较重的大叶性肺炎的患儿,应及时行体液培养及药敏鉴定,明确病原、针对用药,抗生素应足量、足疗程联合应用。