手术治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症

[目的]观察手术治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的疗效,总结治疗经验。[方法]对2003年9月-2006年3月之间经手术治疗的15例氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症患者进行回顾性分析,应用JOA下肢运动功能评分标准进行疗效评估。[结果]15例患者中,2例术后无明显缓解,13例术后神经功能有不同程度恢复,术前术后评分经统计学处理（P〈0.05）,具有显著差异。[结论]短节段整块揭盖减压与蚕食减压相结合为治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症较好的一种手术方式。     

锚定法单开门颈椎管扩大成形术治疗氟骨症颈椎管狭窄症

目的评价锚定法单开门颈椎管扩大成形术(expansive lamino-plasty,ELP)治疗氟骨症颈椎管狭窄症(flurosis cervical stenosis,FCS)的临床效果。方法自2005年1月～2006年1月,收治并采用后路手术治疗FCS患者44例,20例采用锚定法完成ELP(研究组),另24例采用常规丝线悬吊法(对照组)。所有患者均随访24个月,对手术前后临床和影像学指标作统计分析。结果术后24个月随访时两组JOA评分均明显改善,轴性症状发生率锚钉组明显低于对照组(P均小于0.01)。24个月随访,研究组未见锚钉的松动,两组患者均未见"再关门"现象。结论锚定法ELP与传统丝线固定ELP相比,固定椎板更牢靠,同时避免了对门轴侧关节囊和椎旁肌的干扰,术后颈部轴性症状轻微,临床疗效更加满意。     

氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊治

目的：回顾分析氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断及早期全椎板减压术治疗的疗效。方法：对1991～2004年期间35例手术治疗该类患者的手术方法及疗效进行回顾性分析总结。结果：22例术后明显恢复，8例症状缓解，5例术后无恢复。结论：全椎板减压术是治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症有效的手术方式。     

发育性颈椎椎管狭窄症

发育性颈椎椎管狭窄症哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院（１５００８６）邵林，潘海涛，王新婷，孙钟万发育性颈椎椎管狭窄症（简称ＤＳＣＳＣ）多见于中老年人，可引起颈髓损害。我院从１９９１年～１９９３年诊治２０例。临床资料本组２０例，男１４例，女６例；年龄３５～７...     

氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断与治疗经验。方法：对14例氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症患者的症状、体征、X线片、CT及MRI诊断特点进行了分析,用磨钻行椎板打磨后路整块切除术,术后进行疗效评价。结果：14例患者术后2周疗效评价,优5例,良6例,差3例,有效率78．6％。结论：磨钻打磨、后路椎板整块切除术是治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的有效方法。     

两种术式治疗氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症的中期疗效比较

目的:比较颈椎全椎板减压术和单开门椎管成形术治疗氟骨症性颈椎管狭窄症(flurosis cervical stenosis,FCS)的中期随访结果,评价其临床和影像学效果.方法:2000年2月～2003年2月手术治疗97例FCS患者.其中行单开门椎管成形术42例(A组),行全椎板减压术55例(B组).两组患者均随访至少5年,采用日本整形外科学会(JOA)神经功能评分和庆应大学的颈椎轴性症状评分(axial symptom score,ASS)进行临床效果评价.通过手术前和术后5年颈椎X线平片和MRI检查的比较,对患者术后5年脊髓后移程度、颈椎曲度指数(curviture index,CI)和活动度(range of motion,ROM)的改变进行评价.结果:两组患者术后5年JOA评分均较术前显著提高(P＜0.01),A组和B组的JOA评分改善率分别为59%±4%和53%±5%,两组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);A组的ASS为10.8±0.2分,明显高于B组的9.2±0.5分(P＜0.05).术后5年A组和B组的脊髓后移距离分别为4.7±0.2mm和5.1±0.3mm,两组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);两组患者术后5年的CI与术前比较均下降,但A组降低程度显著低于B组(P＜0.05);两组患者术后5年ROM与术前比较均明显降低(P＜0.05),但两组降低程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:对于FCS患者全椎板减压手术并不能使脊髓获得更大后移,单开门椎管成形术较之全椎板减压术可以更好地保留骨性结构的完整性,从而更好地维持颈椎曲度,降低术后轴性症状的发生率.     

氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊治

目的探讨氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症的诊断及早期全椎板减压术治疗的疗效。方法对35例患者的手术方法及疗效进行分析。结果22例术后明显恢复,8例症状缓解,5例术后无恢复。结论全椎板减压术是治疗氟骨症性胸椎管狭窄症有效的手术方式。     

前后入路一次性手术治疗严重颈椎管狭窄症

目的：讨论前后入路一次性手术治疗严重颈椎管狭窄症的手术方法和意义。方法：采用后路双开门椎管盛开有和前路长梯形减压植骨的联合术式,介绍了该手术的优点和提高手术安全性的几点体会。结果：２５例中２３例皮肤感觉改善和四肢肌力提高,未出现植骨块滑脱或骨不连等合并症具有减压彻底和术后恢复快的特点。结论：本术式是治疗严重颈椎管狭窄症的一种有效手术方法。     

棘突纵割式颈椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄症

目的探讨棘突纵割式颈椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法对12例多节段颈椎管狭窄症,采用特制线锯纵割棘突,以自体髂骨作棘突间隔物,行椎管扩大成形术。采用JOA评分、测量扁平率、CT及MRI复查对疗效进行评估。结果经10~28个月随防,术后JOA评分及扁平率均有明显改善(P<0·05),脊髓压迫解除,植骨全部融合,无脊髓损伤等并发症。结论棘突纵割式颈椎管扩大成形术减压充分,疗效确切,是治疗颈椎管狭窄症较为理想的方法。     

氟骨症性椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

１９８７～１９９０年手术治疗氟骨症性椎管狭窄症１００例。包括颈椎９例，胸椎８例，腰、骶椎８３例。术后随访１～４年，复查结果：临床治愈９３例（９３％）：显效３例（３％）、有效３例（３％）、无效１例（１％）。手术原则是彻底减压，因氟骨症具有椎骨及其骨周组织严重退变、异化和骨化的临床病理特点，故在胸、腰椎减压术后，一般不影响其稳定性，在颈椎施行双开式或单开式椎管扩大加植骨融合术，则可收减压、稳定及防止或减少椎板间隙瘢痕狭窄的效果。     

Klippel -Feil综合征与麻醉

背景 Klippel-Feil综合征(klippel-Feil syndrome,KFS)临床极为少见,是一种以颈椎融合为主要特征的先天性畸形,多数患者合并有其他器官系统的异常,属于困难气道的高风险人群.目的 针对KFS的临床特点,讨论此类患者麻醉管理的特殊性.内容 综述KFS的临床表现与诊断,以及麻醉管理特点,重点讨论该类患者的气道处理.趋向 充分的麻醉前颈部畸形和气道的评估,有助于合理制定麻醉及气道处理方案,避免神经损伤,提高麻醉安全性.     

Considerations for Prophylactic Surgery in Asymptomatic Severe Cervical Stenosis: Review Article

Background

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a devastating pathology that can severely impair quality of life. The symptoms in CSM progress slowly and often do not manifest until they become severe and potentially irreversible. There is a consensus that surgical intervention is warranted in symptomatic patients. The recovery of the neurologic deficit after surgical decompression of the spinal cord varies, and halting the progression of the disease remains the principle aim of surgery.

Questions/Purposes

The aim of this review is to address the key question of whether or not to intervene in cases that have radiographic evidence of significant cervical stenosis yet are asymptomatic or exhibit minimal symptoms?

Methods

The PubMed databases for publications that addressed asymptomatic cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reviewed. The relevant articles were selected after screening all the resulting abstracts. The references of the relevant articles were then reviewed, and cross references with titles discussing CSM were picked up for review.

Results

The search identified 14 papers which were reviewed. Seven articles were found to be relevant to the subject in question. Going through the references of the relevant articles, three articles were found to be directly related to the topic in study.

Conclusion

There is paucity of evidence to support for or against surgery in the setting of asymptomatic cervical spondylotic myelopathy despite radiographic evidence of severe stenosis. Patient factors such as age, level of activity, and risk of injury should be considered in formulating a management plan. Moreover, the patient should play an integral role in the process of decision making.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-014-9426-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Anesthetic considerations for masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia: a report of 24 cases

Masticatory muscle tendon-aponeurosis hyperplasia (MMTAH) is a new disease entity characterized by limited mouth opening due to contracture of the masticatory muscles, resulting from hyperplasia of tendons and aponeuroses. In this case series, we report what methods of airway establishment were conclusively chosen after rapid induction of anesthesia. We had 24 consecutive patients with MMTAH who underwent surgical release of its contracture under general anesthesia. Rapid induction of anesthesia with propofol and rocuronium was chosen for all the cases. In 7 cases, intubation using the Macintosh laryngoscopy was attempted; however, 2 of those cases failed to be intubated on the first attempt. Finally, intubation using the McCoy laryngoscopy or fiber-optic intubation was alternatively used in these 2 cases. In 7 cases, the Trachlight was used. In the remaining 10 cases, fiber-optic intubation was used. Limited mouth opening in patients with MMTAH did not improve with muscular relaxation. "Square mandible" has been reported to be one of the clinical features in this disease; however, half of these 24 patients lacked this characteristic, which might affect a definitive diagnosis of this disease for anesthesiologists. An airway problem in patients with MMTAH should not be underestimated, which means that other intubation methods rather than direct laryngoscopy had better be considered.     

同期手术治疗颈腰椎椎管狭窄症

目的评价同期手术治疗颈椎、腰椎管狭窄症的疗效及安全性。方法 2005年3月至2012年5月,纳入颈椎、腰椎管狭窄症患者61例,同一患者均采用两批脊柱外科医师分别行同时联合手术。依据日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分系统、Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)、Nurick评分、患者满意指数、JOA改善率及并发症等进行疗效测评。结果随访12个月,平均JOA提高4.2分,平均ODI改善39.4,平均Nurick分级改善1.16级,平均患者满意度为(2.53±0.87)分,平均JOA康复率为(47.36±25.85)%。在小于60岁的患者中,ODI(P=0.03)及Nurick分级(P=0.04)显著改善。结论同期手术治疗并存的颈椎、腰椎椎管狭窄症是可行的,年龄、术中失血及手术时间可能与手术效果及并发症相关。不建议年龄大于等于60岁患者采用同时联合手术。     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理要点。方法回顾性分析2010年12月一2014年6月3例后腹腔镜肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓根治术患者的围术期临床资料。I型癌栓2例,Ⅱ型癌栓1例。气管插管全身麻醉,Ⅱ型癌栓术中行短暂下腔静脉阻断。结果3例均顺利完成取栓,无中转开腹,手术时间244、333、289rain,1例下腔静脉完全阻断时间10rain,术中均未发生肺栓塞及其他严重麻醉并发症。l例术后拔管返回普通病房,2例转入ICU后24h内拔气管导管并转回普通病房。结论后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术是新型、高危但可行的手术方式,麻醉医师应当熟知具体手术操作步骤,以制定相关麻醉计划并密切配合,密切关注下腔静脉阻断期间循环波动,严防大出血、肺栓塞等严重并发症的发生。     

完全性大动脉错位解剖纠治手术的麻醉管理

总结了８例完全性大动脉错位（ＴＧＡ）解剖纠治术的有关麻醉管理的若干问题。其中４例室隔完整，４例伴室缺。最小年龄１８天，最轻体重３．４ｋｇ。采用大剂量芬太尼伴以安氟醚静吸复合麻醉。５例深低温停循环，３例低温体外循环，主动脉阻断时间９７．５±２０．８７分钟，全部自动复跳，１例死于肺高压，无麻醉并发症。大剂量芬太尼可使整个麻醉和手术过程较为平稳。术毕仍应维持适当麻醉深度，以利术后血流动力学平稳。变力性药物有助于心功能恢复，常用多巴胺。体外循环中按 α稳态的理论调节ｐＨ和 ＰａＣＯ２，无一例神经系统并发症。