表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯研究进展

近些年发现,茶叶中的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂具有降低血脂、除去胆固醇、抑制细菌和病毒、抗氧化、抗突变、抗肿瘤等多方面的重要生理功能。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抗流感作用的研究进展

茶叶的饮用历史已有千年,其保健功效得到广泛关注。表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是茶叶提取物中含量最高、活性最强的单体,研究表明EGCG具有显著的抗流感病毒活性。因其来源丰富、价格低廉、且无耐药,是抗流感药物的有利候选。本文首次针对EGCG的抗流感机制进行综述,全面评价EGCG的抗流感价值,为后续进一步开发EGCG类抗流感药物提供参考。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）锗（IV）配合物的研究

研究了以绿茶中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)为配体制备有机储配合物的反应。结果表明:EGCG[2.00％(w/w)]与Ge(Ⅳ)按摩尔比3:1,在pH6.50～7.00的缓冲溶液中,于40℃恒温水浴中反应30分钟,生成EGCG-Ge(Ⅳ)金属配合物,产物产率61.81％。按等摩尔连续变换法及摩尔比法测定EGCG-Ge(Ⅳ)配合物组成为[EGCG][Ge(Ⅳ)]=2:1(mol/mol),配合物不稳定常数2.570×10~(-11)。在温度≤40℃的中性溶液中,配合物对光的稳定性较好。此外,对配合物的结构进行了红外、紫外及高效液相分析。 茶多酚粗品、EGCG及EGCG-Ge(Ⅳ)配合物对艾氏腹水肿瘤均表现出一定的抗癌效果。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对自发性2型糖尿病GK大鼠的胰岛素抵抗的影响及作用机制。方法 自发性2型糖尿病GK大鼠40只,同系健康对照Wistar大鼠10只,大鼠随机分为：正常对照组、2型糖尿病对照组、2型糖尿病低剂量EGCG（50 mg/kg）治疗组、中剂量（100 mg/kg）组、高剂量EGCG（300 mg/kg）组。干预6周后,分别检测葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素耐受试验、肝脏GcK、G6P以及PEPCKmRNA表达情况,以及骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4含量的变化。结果各剂量治疗组的糖耐量均得到明显改善（P〈0.05）,胰岛素耐量在240 min时较模型对照组有明显差异（P〈0.05）。与模型组比较,低剂量和中剂量治疗组均能提高肝脏葡萄糖激酶（GcK）mRNA的表达（P〈0.05）,同时抑制葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶（G6P）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸激酶（PEPCK）mRNA的表达（P〈0.05）;高剂量治疗组肝脏三类酶mRNA的表达与模型对照组相比无明显差异。各剂量治疗组GK大鼠的骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4的含量较模型对照组均具有明显上调（P〈0.05）。结论中低剂量EGCG可以改善GK大鼠胰岛素抵抗,其作用机制可能与抑制肝脏糖异生作用以及骨骼肌GLUT4的转位水平有关,并且EGCG具有代偿胰岛素的作用。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对活性氧的抑制作用

生物体内的活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)过量引起氧化应激将导致脂质、DNA和蛋白质氧化损伤,从而引发一系列生理和病理反应。绿茶中茶多酚的主要成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯((-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)具有强抗氧化性,能有效抑制ROS。本文简要介绍了生物体内ROS的来源和EGCG的特性及其对ROS的抑制作用。通过检测玫瑰红水溶液在光敏化时所产生~1O_2的1 270 nm近红外发光,分析比较了EGCG和迭代钠(NaN_3)对~1O_2发光的淬灭过程,发现EGCG对~1O_2的淬灭效果比NaN_3更好,为EGCG淬灭~1O_2的定量研究提供理论依据。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG）是茶叶活性物质主要成分.EGCG可预防或治疗多种肿瘤.本文旨在探讨EGCG对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞增殖、凋亡及迁移力的作用及其机制. 经EGCG处理后,通过流式细胞术及噻唑蓝（MTT）法发现,EGCG使MDA-MB-231细胞周期阻滞,细胞凋亡数量上升,明显抑制乳腺癌细胞的存活率. EGCG处理后,MDA-MB-231细胞的形态由正常的纤维状变为鹅卵石状. 免疫荧光染色及免疫印迹结果表明,其上皮细胞标志物表达量增加,而间质标志物表达量下降. 通过划痕实验发现,EGCG明显抑制了细胞迁移能力. 本文揭示了EGCG通过抑制乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞周期进程,促进间质-上皮转化,抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖和迁移.     

鲜茶叶中表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的高效提取技术研究

采用鲜磨匀浆提取、负压空化混悬组合技术对新鲜老龄茶叶中的没食子酸酯(EGCG)进行了高效提取,并与干燥老龄茶叶的传统提取工艺进行了对比。结果表明：组合工艺的最佳提取条件为新鲜老龄茶叶高温杀青后,再经常温水匀浆萃取,固液比为1:10,匀浆萃取时间为1 min,滤渣再经负压空化混悬固液提取,固液比为1:10,空化时间为15 min,空化提取2次。新鲜老龄茶叶最佳组合工艺的EGCG提取量为502.85 mg,优于传统干燥老龄茶叶工艺。     

转录激活因子5参与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯诱导的胰腺癌SW1990细胞凋亡

目的:研究转录激活因子5(ATF5)是否参与中国绿茶有效成分——表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)诱导的人胰腺癌SW1990细胞凋亡。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测不同浓度的EGCG作用SW1990细胞不同时间后细胞的增殖情况;以100 mg/L EGCG作用SW1990细胞不同时间,观察细胞的形态学变化,并采用SR-VAD-FMK/7-AAD双染法,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;采用RT-PCR检测100 mg/L EGCG作用不同时间后ATF5mRNA的表达变化。结果:EGCG可抑制胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖,引起细胞皱缩,诱导细胞凋亡。随着EGCG作用时间的延长,细胞凋亡率显著提高(P<0.05),ATF5 mRNA的表达明显增强(P<0.05)。结论:胰腺癌SW1990细胞中存在ATF5的表达,在EGCG诱导的细胞凋亡过程中,ATF5表达量上升,提示ATF5参与EGCG诱导的细胞凋亡。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯衍生物及过硫酸氢钾复合物粉体外抑制Ⅰ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒的研究

【目的】为了将表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)的2种衍生物和过硫酸氢钾复合物粉(compound potassium peroxymonosulfate powder, KMPS)运用于体外细胞实验中,以评估这3种药物对I型草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus, GCRV)的抑制和杀灭效果。【方法】利用MUSE法和CCK-8法评估表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯棕榈酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate palmitate,EGCG-P)、乙酰化表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(peracetylated epigallocatechin gallate, Ac EGCG)和过硫酸氢钾复合物粉3种药物对细胞的安全浓度,利用体外细胞感染病毒模型,使用不同浓度测试物处理病毒或细胞后感染病毒,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, q RT-PCR)法分析不同测试物对病毒的抑制和杀灭效果。使用不同浓度测试物处理细胞后,利用q RT...     

儿茶素类化合物的抗结核活性研究进展

近年来,耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,MDR-TB)的出现及人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)与结核分枝杆菌合并感染日益增多,使结核病的防治面临更加严峻的挑战,人们急需开发新型抗结核药物及天然低毒的辅助治疗药物。绿茶中的儿茶素类化合物具有多种生物活性,对多种疾病有一定的辅助疗效。多项研究显示,儿茶素类化合物也具有抗结核活性,其机制包括抑制二氢叶酸还原酶活性、影响分枝菌酸及细胞壁的合成、下调富含色氨酸天冬氨酸的膜蛋白(tryptophan-aspartate containing coat protein,TACO)基因表达以抑制结核分枝杆菌的胞内寄生,降低氧化应激水平,下调结核分枝杆菌85B蛋白和宿主肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)表达,从而改善炎症水平。有研究显示,喝绿茶可降低结核分枝杆菌感染风险,儿茶素类化合物可辅助治疗结核病并与抗结核药物有协同治疗作用,但目前对其作用机制的研究还不够深入,需进一步探讨。     

Neuroprotective Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate neuroprotective effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in a transgenic mouse model of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SOD1-G93A transgenic mice and wild-type mice were randomly divided into EGCG-treated groups (10 mg/kg, p.o) and vehicle-treated control groups. Rotarod measurement was performed to assess the motor function of mice starting at the age of 70 days. Nissl staining to examine the number of motor neurons and CD11b immunohistochemical staining to evaluate activation of microglia in the lumbar spinal cords were conducted at the age of 120 days. In addition, for further observation of regulation of cell signaling pathways by EGCG, we used immunohistochemical analysis for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cleaved caspase-3 as well as western blot analysis to determine the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB in the spinal cord. This study demonstrated that oral administration of EGCG beginning from a pre-symptomatic stage significantly delayed the onset of disease, and extended life span. Furthermore, EGCG-treated transgenic mice showed increased number of motor neurons, diminished microglial activation, reduced immunohistochemical reaction of NF-κB and cleaved caspase-3 as well as reduced protein level of iNOS and NF-κB in the spinal cords. In conclusion, this study provides further evidences that EGCG has multifunctional therapeutic effects in the mouse model of ALS.     

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents oxidative damage in both the aqueous and lipid compartments of human plasma

When human plasma was exposed to the hydrophilic radical initiator, AAPH, (-)-epigallocatechin-(3)-gallate (EGCG) dose-dependently inhibited the aqueous compartment oxidation (IC(50)=0.72 microM) (monitored by DCFH oxidation) and spared the lipophilic antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoids, but not ascorbic acid. When radicals were selectively induced in the lipid compartment by the lipophilic radical initiator, MeO-AMVN, EGCG spared alpha-tocopherol, but not carotenoids and inhibited the lipid compartment oxidation (monitored by BODIPY 581/591) with a potency lower than that found in the aqueous compartment (IC(50)=4.37 microM). Our results indicate that EGCG, mainly localized in the aqueous compartment, effectively quenches aqueous radical species, thus limiting their diffusion into the lipid compartment and preventing lipid-soluble antioxidant depletion. Further, ESR experiments confirmed that EGCG recycled alpha-tocopherol through a H-transfer mechanism at the aqueous/lipid interface affording an additional protective mechanism to the lipid compartment of plasma.     

Glucuronidation of the green tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, by rat hepatic and intestinal microsomes

The flavonoids (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECg) are major components of green tea and show numerous biological effects. We investigated the glucuronidation of these compounds and of quercetin by microsomes. Quercetin was almost fully glucuronidated by liver microsomes after 3 h, whereas ECg and ECGg were conjugated to a lesser extent ([Formula: See Text] and [Formula: See Text] respectively). The intestinal microsomes also glucuronidated quercetin much more efficiently than ECg and EGCg. Although the rates were lower than quercetin, intestinal microsomes exhibited higher activity on the galloyl group of ECg and EGCg compared to the flavonoid ring, whereas hepatic glucuronidation was higher on the flavonoid ring of EGCg and ECg compared to the galloyl groups. The low glucuronidation rates could partially explain why these flavanols are present in plasma as unconjugated forms.     

Proposed mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate for anti-obesity

Green tea catechins (GTCs) are polyphenolic flavonoids formerly called vitamin P. GTCs, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), lower the incidence of cancers, collagen-induced arthritis, oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Also, inhibition of adipogenesis by green tea and green tea extract has been demonstrated in cell lines, animal models, and humans. The obesity-preventive effects of green tea and its main constituent EGCG are widely supported by results from epidemiological, cell culture, animal, and clinical studies in the last decade. Studies with adipocyte cell lines and animal models have demonstrated that EGCG inhibits extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modulates adipocyte marker proteins, and down-regulates lipogenic enzymes as well as other potential targets. Also, the catechin components of green tea have been shown to possess anti-carcinogenic properties possibly related to their anti-oxidant activity. In addition, it was shown that dietary supplementation with EGCG could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, the biological activities and multiple mechanisms of EGCG in cell lines, animal models, and clinical observations are explained.     

Glucuronidation of the Green Tea Catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate,by Rat Hepatic and Intestinal Microsomes

The flavonoids (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECg) are major components of green tea and show numerous biological effects. We investigated the glucuronidation of these compounds and of quercetin by microsomes. Quercetin was almost fully glucuronidated by liver microsomes after 3 h, whereas ECg and ECGg were conjugated to a lesser extent ([Formula: See Text] and [Formula: See Text] respectively). The intestinal microsomes also glucuronidated quercetin much more efficiently than ECg and EGCg. Although the rates were lower than quercetin, intestinal microsomes exhibited higher activity on the galloyl group of ECg and EGCg compared to the flavonoid ring, whereas hepatic glucuronidation was higher on the flavonoid ring of EGCg and ECg compared to the galloyl groups. The low glucuronidation rates could partially explain why these flavanols are present in plasma as unconjugated forms.     

Human hair growth enhancement in vitro by green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)

Green tea is a popular worldwide beverage, and its potential beneficial effects such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties are believed to be mediated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of polyphenols. Recently, it was reported that EGCG might be useful in the prevention or treatment of androgenetic alopecia by selectively inhibiting 5alpha-reductase activity. However, no report has been issued to date on the effect of EGCG on human hair growth. This study was undertaken to measure the effect of EGCG on hair growth in vitro and to investigate its effect on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) in vivo and in vitro. EGCG promoted hair growth in hair follicles ex vivo culture and the proliferation of cultured DPCs. The growth stimulation of DPCs by EGCG in vitro may be mediated through the upregulations of phosphorylated Erk and Akt and by an increase in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Similar results were also obtained in in vivo dermal papillae of human scalps. Thus, we suggest that EGCG stimulates human hair growth through these dual proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on DPCs.     

(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Potentiates the Cytotoxicity Induced by Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes

(?)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-induced apoptosis was along both the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in Jurkat cells. Co-treatment with EGCG potentiated the cytotoxicity induced by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and H₂O₂, both being inhibited by ERK and JNK inhibitors. These results suggest the significant role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the apoptosis induction regulated by EGCG alone and in combination.     

Food-drug interaction of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and the metabolite SN-38

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its metabolite SN-38. EGCG was potentially used to modulate the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Experimental Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with EGCG (20mg/kg, i.v.) 10min before CPT-11 (10mg/kg, i.v.) administration, whereas the control group received CPT-11 (10mg/kg, i.v.) only. The biological samples were prepared by the protein precipitation and detected by HPLC-fluorescence detection which provided a good separation of CPT-11 and SN-38 within 10min. The pharmacokinetic data indicate that the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of CPT-11 and SN-38 were increased by 57.7 and 18.3%, and AUC in bile were decreased by 15.8 and 46.8%, respectively, for the group pretreated with EGCG. The blood to bile distribution ratio (AUC(bile)/AUC(blood)) was significantly reduced after group coadministration of EGCG, it can be seen that the bile efflux transport system of CPT-11 and SN-38 may be markedly reduced by the treatment of EGCG which plays the role of P-gp inhibitor. In conclusion, EGCG was found to inhibit the transport of CPT-11 and SN-38 into the biliary elimination and their half-lives in plasma could be substantially prolonged. Based on the food-drug interaction, persons taking daily nutritional supplements should be warned of this interaction possibility.     

Production of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate by strains ofAlcaligenes latus

Alcaligenes latus strains can accumulate poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) up to about 85% of cell dry weight. The abilities to store poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) of three strains ofA. latus were investigated. With Na-propionate as PHV precursor, strainA. latusDSM 1122 had better PHV accumulation ability than strainsA. latusDSM 1123 and 1124. StrainA. latus DSM 1123 could store PHV when Na-valerate but not Na-propionate served as the PHV precursor. PHB and PHV accumulation byA. latus DSM 1124 rapidly increased when propionic acid and acetic acid were together added to the fermentor. This increase was not obtained in the culture shaker flask and fermentor growing the same strain when Na-propionate alone served as a PHV precursor.