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所发展的测量随机振动的方法,是测量由物体表面一个点漫射形成的散斑场的相关统计特性.根据激光散斑运动规律,这个相关统计特性实时地反映该点的位移或转角的时间历程.由所记录的相关信息,通过频谱分析,可以得到运动的频城特性参数,这种方式是非接触式光测方法,对物体无任何附加质量的影响.本文以铜梁和钢梁为例.测量了冲击力作用下,梁的动态响应和频谱. 相似文献
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在传统的剪切电子散斑干涉中 ,直接观测到的是干涉条纹图样。因此 ,如何将位移导数场的定量信息从剪切电子散斑干涉条纹图案中提取出来 ,一直是人们关心的问题。本文运用传播光矢量对数字散斑剪切干涉的条纹形成作了理论解释 ,使其物理意义更加清晰。理论分析表明 ,物体的微小偏转可引入线性附加位相。因此 ,通过连续偏转物体可实现剪切电子散斑干涉的相移。本研究通过计算机控制载物平台的精细旋转实现相移 ,结合传统的数字散斑剪切干涉技术以及四步相移算法 ,实现了数字剪切散斑干涉相移系统。利用该系统进行了中心加载、周边固定的圆盘的典型实验 ,实验结果表明该系统可以方便有效地提取出位移导数场的定量信息。 相似文献
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测量面内位移和应变有很多方法,诸如莫尔条纹法、全息干涉法、激光散斑干涉法等属于近代光学方法。其中莫尔条纹法需要在试件表面布上极细的网格,这在工艺上较难;而全息干涉法又需沿不同方向进行全息照相,要求较高,数据处理的程序也较繁复.最近国外采用激光散斑干涉来测量面内位移和应变,发展很快。激光散斑干涉法亦有多种。成象散斑干涉是记录被相干光照明的物体经透镜成像后所形成的具有斑点图信息的物体象,照明光可用单光束或多光束:光栏也可以是单孔或多孔。我们曾采用单光束和单孔成象的散斑干涉法对游标盘的转动进行了定标试验。另一种散斑干涉法是直接将感光片和被测物表面贴近,并牢靠地固定其相对位置.再用一束准直激光直接从感光片背面射入。由于照明光与物体表面的漫反射光是从接近180°的方向射到感光层,因而感光片记录的信息中不仅有斑点图信息,而且还包含有能实现白光再现的全息图信息,我们暂且称其为散斑全息干涉法.本文主要介绍散斑全息干涉的物理原理和它的实验方法,并利用杨氏干涉法对游标盘转动后的位移量定标和对单向拉伸的矩形板中的圆孔应力集中系数进行了定标,取得了实验结果。此外,还指出了散斑干涉法的缺点和局限性。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种根据散斑统计性质测量物体运动速度的新方法.在夫朗和费衍射区一点记录运动物体的漫射散斑场随时间的变化,并将记录时城信号作快速付氏变换,转换到频率域上,从功率谱宽度或其所覆面积可推算出物体运动速度.本文从理论上作了分析,推导出物体的运动速度和记录信号功率谱函数的简单关系.实验验证与理论分析吻合一致.该法可作实时测量. 相似文献
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在物体表面喷上一层银粉或粘上一层玻璃微珠,形成人工斑化表面。当一束光照射时,银粉或玻璃微珠的颗粒尤如小的点光源,通过透镜所成的物像上形成随机的斑点称为散斑图。这种散斑图是与物体表面状态有关,一旦物体产生变形散斑图也将随着运动。如果在同一张底片上对物体变形前后两个散斑状态作两次曝光,底片就记录了物体变形前后两个散斑图的叠加。物体上有一个暗斑点,位移的暗斑点与原来的暗斑点在底片上形成了两个亮的光孔,相当于一组“双孔”,散斑图上许多有规律的双孔就是白光散斑法测量位移的物理基础。双曝光白光散斑图就是一块随机光栅,利用双孔衍射原理就能得到物体上各点的位移大小和方向。如果采用发光时间可以控制的极短的强烈闪光做光源,对物体变形前及承受动荷载后某一时刻进行双曝光,这时 相似文献
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本文对N.Abramson提出的夹片方法作了进一步改进。提出了测量物体表面三维变形的双参考光像全息散斑夹片新方法。该法能消除物体由于刚体位移而产生的不良影响。并能有效地消除参考光对测量散斑干涉时出现的严重噪音。文中通过对悬臂梁和玻璃钢三点弯断裂试件的测量及分析,证明了提出的方法是可行的。 相似文献
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全息干涉法和普通光弹性法相结合产生了全息光弹性法。与此类似,本文建议将散斑干涉法和光弹性相结合形成具有一定特点的散斑光弹干涉法。近十几年来,散斑干涉法得到了很快的发展,可以获得面内或离面位移,错位散斑干涉法则可获得位移梯度场。本文建议将光弹性透明模型置于双光束散斑干涉光路中,通过两次曝光法可以获得模型的应力条纹图案。但和全息光弹性法相比,只要选择合适的漫反射器,用散斑光弹干涉法可以获得不受等差线干扰的、单纯的等和线条纹图。同样的理由,也可以获得三维应力模型冻结切片的等和线条纹图。更有意义的是采用双光片散光穿透模型的散斑光弹性干涉法将有可能获得整体三维应力模型内部的绝对光程应力条纹图,这将为三维应力分析提供一种新的实验方法。 相似文献
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数字散斑相关方法的原理与应用 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
应用图像识别与变分学原理,对数字散斑相关方法作了理论阐述,导出了测量物体表面变形场的一般过程,将力学中的变形测量问题转化为单纯的数值计算问题,避免了传统光测方法与干涉条纹有关的一系列困难。初步的实验结果表明,该方法在工程实际现场、高速冲击动态过程、细观力学变形过程以及变形测量的自动化等方面都有广泛的应用潜力,从而为光测力学拓展应用领域、实现自动化测量展现了新的前景. 相似文献
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数字图像相关方法中散斑图的质量评价研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在利用数字图像相关方法测量物体表面变形时,被测物体表面必需覆盖有灰度随机分布的散斑场,该散斑场作为试件表面变形信息的载体随试件一起变形。在实际情况下,不同的散斑场会显示出完全不同的灰度分布特征,并对数字图像相关方法的测量结果有着重要影响。因此如何定量评价散斑图的优劣是数字图像相关方法中一个重要的基本问题,也是该方法的使用者非常关心的问题。基于最近数字图像相关方法基本理论研究的进展,本文提出平均灰度梯度这一新参数用于散斑图质量的评价。为证实该参数的有效性,本文对五幅明显不同的散斑图进行了精确平移,并将数字图像相关方法测量的位移与预加的平移量进行比较,分析了位移测量结果的均值误差和标准差。结果显示位移测量结果的均值误差和标准差均与散斑图的平均灰度梯度有关,一个好的散斑图应该具有较大的平均灰度梯度。 相似文献
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A novel nondestructive testing (NDT) method is reported in which temporal evolution of the speckles in speckle interferometry
is used to measure large object deformations. The basic principle of the method is that continuous object movement introduces
fluctuations in the phase of the speckle and is recorded as intensity modulation. Acquiring a large number of frames of the
object motion, the phase data for the whole object deformation are then retrieved by the Fourier transformation technique.
The method is capable of measuring more than 100 μm in-plane and out-of-plane deformation with speckle interferometry and
more than 500 μm for speckle shearing interferometry. The authors discuss the NDT results obtained with the three methods
and make some relative comparisons of each. 相似文献
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A Review of Speckle Pattern Fabrication and Assessment for Digital Image Correlation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As a carrier of deformation information, the speckle pattern, or more exactly the random intensity distributions, which could be naturally occurred or artificially fabricated onto test samples’ surface, plays an indispensable role in digital image correlation (DIC). It is now well recognized that the accuracy and precision in DIC measurements not only rely on correlation algorithms, but also depend highly on the quality of the speckle pattern. Considering the huge diversity in test materials, spatial scales and experimental conditions, speckle pattern fabrication could be a challenging issue facing DIC practitioners. To obtain good speckle patterns suitable for DIC measurements, some key issues of fabrication methods and quality assessment of speckle patterns must be well addressed. To this end, this review systematically presents the speckle pattern classification and fabrication techniques for various samples and scales, as well as some typical quality assessment metrics. 相似文献
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一种通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在光测力学中,如何从单幅散斑干涉条纹图中消除散斑噪声,高精度自动提取相位信息,是一项较困难的工作。本文提出了一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法。实验表明此方法对高噪声的散斑条纹图非常有效。 相似文献
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用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法.实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害.为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
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Micro- and Nanoscale Deformation Measurement of Surface and Internal Planes via Digital Image Correlation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. A. Berfield J. K. Patel R. G. Shimmin P. V. Braun J. Lambros N. R. Sottos 《Experimental Mechanics》2007,47(1):51-62
The digital image correlation (DIC) technique is successfully applied across multiple length scales through the generation
of a suitable speckle pattern at each size scale. For microscale measurements, a random speckle pattern of paint is created
with a fine point airbrush. Nanoscale displacement resolution is achieved with a speckle pattern formed by solution deposition
of fluorescent silica nanoparticles. When excited, the particles fluoresce and form a speckle pattern that can be imaged with
an optical microscope. Displacements are measured on the surface and on an interior plane of transparent polymer samples with
the different speckle patterns. Rigid body translation calibrations and uniaxial tension experiments establish a surface displacement
resolution of 1 μm over a 5×6 mm scale field of view for the airbrushed samples and 17 nm over a 100×100 μm scale field of
view for samples with the fluorescent nanoparticle speckle. To demonstrate the capabilities of the method, we characterize
the internal deformation fields generated around silica microspheres embedded in an elastomer under tensile loading. The DIC
technique enables measurement of complex deformation fields with nanoscale precision over relatively large areas, making it
of particular relevance to materials that possess multiple length scales. 相似文献
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Peng Cheng Ph.D. Michael A. Sutton Hubert W. Schreier Ph.D. Student Stephen R. McNeill 《Experimental Mechanics》2002,42(3):344-352
A full-field speckle pattern image correlation method is presented that will determine directly the complete, two-dimensional
deformation field during the image correlation process on digital images obtained using computer vision systems. In this work,
a B-Spline function is used to represent the object deformation field throughout the entire image area. This is an improvement
over subset-based image correlation methods by implicitly maintaining position and derivative continuity constraints among
subsets up to a specified order. The control point variables within the B-Spline deformation function are optimized iteratively
with the Levenberg-Marquardt method to achieve minimum disparity between the predicted and actual deformed images. Results
have shown that the proposed method is computationally efficient, accurate and robust. The general framework of this method
can be applied ton-dimensional image correlation systems that solve for multi-dimension vector fields. 相似文献
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将基于双目视觉的三维数字图像相关方法 (Three-dimension digital image correlation,3D-DIC)与多相机同步采集系统相结合,形成基于多相机的3D-DIC系统。依据三维空间误差(Three-dimensional residual,3Dresidual)最小原则,确定各点对应的最佳双目视觉系统,获得物体全场三维变形。以四相机3D-DIC系统为例,与测量精度达10~20nm的电子散斑干涉测量系统同时对平板的离面位移进行测量,并对测量得到的离面位移最大值进行了对比分析。结果显示,荷载较小时,四相机3D-DIC与电子散斑干涉测量系统误差稍大,最大达到2.7%;荷载增大,物体变形增大时,两种测量系统结果基本相同。文中讨论了四相机测量系统的不稳定对实验结果的影响。利用该四相机3D-DIC系统对镍合金不锈钢材料在高温场中的变形进行测量,获得了物体的三维变形场,并分析了材料的膨胀系数,得到了试件的热应变-温度曲线和膨胀系数随温度变化的关系式。 相似文献
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Dynamic x-rays have been used to follow the deformation ahead of a steel ball fired into a mock-up of a generic cylindrical
rocket motor. The impact was arranged to intersect a sparse lead powder layer within the mock explosive that created a random
speckle pattern on x-ray film. Three different digital image correlation programs are compared to examine any sensitivity
to the sub-optimal speckle pattern produced by the lead powder. An identical output data reduction method was used in all
cases to aid comparison. All three correlation methods were able analyze the deformation, but all had intricacies that would
require more detailed optimization of the data reduction in order to fully exploit the technique. Quantitative analysis showed
that the three methods agreed closely in estimations of rigid body displacements between a pair of representative x-ray images.
It was discovered that the deformation caused by the ball impact was highly localized and the useful data available about
the deformation pattern was sparse. This limits the applicability of this technique to this specific application. Extensive
cracking was not observed that would have aided the development of computer-based models for prediction of such impact events.
The x-ray technique was however excellent for determining the ball position as a function of time after impact. 相似文献