用于射频谐振腔的纯铌热导率的测量

铌材料的低温热导率是反映射频超导腔热稳定性的重要参数.一套新型的低温热导率测试装置研制成功,该装置不仅可以测量纯铌材料的低温热导率,同时还能够测量铌材料的临界超导温度和铌材料的剩余电阻率(RRR).本文介绍该装置的原理以及实验结果,并对铌材料的低温热导率与剩余电阻率(RRR)进行了分析.     

Al_2O_3衬底MgB_2薄膜的超导特性随薄膜厚度的变化

近来超薄MgB2薄膜被认为在研制新型超导电子器件方面具有比较重要的应用前景,对其超导特性的研究同时对理解低维度情形下的多带超导电性也有重要意义.在(0001)Al_2O_3衬底上,我们利用混合物理化学气相沉积方法生长了一系列厚度在50 nm至10 nm的MgB2超导薄膜,测量了薄膜的电阻率—温度曲线及其在不同磁场下的超导转变,考察了薄膜的基本特性参数如超导转变温度T_c、剩余电阻比RRR及超导上临界磁场H_(c2)等随薄膜厚度d的变化.测量发现H_(c2)(T)随温度变化呈现出线性依赖关系,反映出MgB_2薄膜的两带超导特性.随着d的降低,发现薄膜的T_c及RRR值逐渐下降,0 K时的H_(c2)(0)逐渐升高.进一步地,我们发现薄膜的T_c与H_(c2)(0)都随RRR值呈现出比较单调的变化:T_c随RRR值降低而降低,H_(c2)(0)随RRR值降低而升高,表明RRR值是影响薄膜超导特性的比较重要的变量.依照两带超导理论对此现象的分析表明,与薄膜的RRR值降低相伴随的可能是MgB_2薄膜内σ带电子和π带电子的带间散射率的增强.     

Al_2O_3衬底MgB_2薄膜的超导特性随薄膜厚度的变化

近来超薄MgB_2薄膜被认为在研制新型超导电子器件方面具有比较重要的应用前景,对其超导特性的研究同时对理解低维度情形下的多带超导电性也有重要意义.在(0001)Al_2O_3衬底上,我们利用混合物理化学气相沉积方法生长了一系列厚度在50nm至10nm的MgB_2超导薄膜,测量了薄膜的电阻率—温度曲线及其在不同磁场下的超导转变,考察了薄膜的基本特性参数如超导转变温度T_c、剩余电阻比RRR及超导上临界磁场H_(c2)等随薄膜厚度d的变化.测量发现H_(c2)(T)随温度变化呈现出线性依赖关系,反映出MgB_2薄膜的两带超导特性.随着d的降低,发现薄膜的T_c及RRR值逐渐下降,0K时的H_(c2)(0)逐渐升高.进一步地,我们发现薄膜的T_c与H_(c2)(0)都随RRR值呈现出比较单调的变化:T_c随RRR值降低而降低,H_(c2)(0)随RRR值降低而升高,表明RRR值是影响薄膜超导特性的比较重要的变量.依照两带超导理论对此现象的分析表明,与薄膜的RRR值降低相伴随的可能是MgB_2薄膜内σ带电子和π带电子的带间散射率的增强.     

在小型制冷机中测量薄片交流磁化率以决定超导转变温度的装置

本文介绍了一种利用电磁感应原理和超导磁效应,在小型制冷机中测量超导体转变温度的装置.本装置包括密闭的真空室、压缩制冷机、真空泵、真空计、锁相放大器、温控仪、计算机、线圈绕组.其中,线圈绕组置于真空室内,由初级线圈和次级线圈组成,初级线圈和次级线圈分别绕制在两个线圈骨架上;被测超导薄片材料放置于初级线圈和次级线圈之间;压缩制冷机用来为超导材料制冷;真空泵用来对真空室抽真空;温控仪用来测量和控制真空室内的温度;锁相放大器为初级线圈提供交流电压信号,并测量次级线圈的电信号以得到交流磁化率值;计算机记录温控仪测得的温度数据和锁相放大器测得的次级线圈的电压信号,并显示锁相放大器测得的次级线圈的电压信号随温度变化的曲线.实验证明该装置可以通过测量超导体交流磁化率的变化测得超导转变温度,具有自动化测量及测试成本低等特点.     

一种铁基超导带材交流损耗的测量

近年来铁基超导材料的发现掀起了又一轮新型超导材料研究的热潮,各种配方的铁基超导材料不断被制备出来,转变温度也不断提高,中国科学家在该领域取得了十分突出的成果,制备出了多种铁基超导材料,但对其交流损耗特性研究鲜有报道,而实际应用中交流损耗的特性又十分重要,因此搭建了一套采用探测线圈法的交流损耗测量平台,测试了一种中国科学院电工研究所采用PIT工艺制作的单芯铁基超导带材的交流损耗。该文介绍了采用探测线圈法测量超导材料交流损耗的一种测量平台的搭建与标定,以及采用标定过的测量平台在液氦温度下测量的一种采用PIT工艺制作的单芯铁基超导带材的交流损耗;并与计算得到的铁基带材超导芯的磁滞损耗和包套的涡流损耗进行了比较分析,得出了其交流损耗与背景磁场频率成正比,其涡流损耗可以忽略的结论。     

基于小型低温制冷机的高温超导材料超导转变温度测量装置

高温超导材料的超导转变温度是判断超导材料性能优劣的一个重要指标,而超导材料转变温度的测量一般采用输运方法进行电阻随温度变化来确定.本文介绍一种新近研制的基于低温制冷机的高温超导材料超导转变温度测量装置,能有效的将样品温度从室温连续均匀的降至35K,通过Lab VIEW编写的数据采集系统人机界面,采用电流换向技术消除热电势,可以准确测量出超导材料的超导转变温度.经实验验证,该测量装置测量精确和重复性良好,可作为有效判定高温超导材料性能优劣的一种手段.     

核磁共振磁体超导接头工艺研究进展

高度稳定的磁场对于核磁共振（NMR）波谱仪至关重要.为了保持磁场的稳定性,高质量的超导接头必不可少.它在过去几十年中,受到NMR超导磁体研究人员的广泛关注.本文从五个部分介绍了超导接头技术的研究进展：第一部分简要介绍了NMR超导磁体和超导接头的发展;第二部分概述了低温超导体材料之间超导接头的研究进展;第三部分介绍了高温超导体材料之间的接头;第四部分讨论了有关超导接头电阻的测量技术;最后,提出了对超导接头技术研究的展望.     

磁控溅射多层沉积Nb_3Sn超导薄膜北大核心CSCD

Nb3Sn金属合金是一种性能优良的超导材料。磁控溅射多层沉积是用两个溅射源分层沉积铌和锡,再经过高温退火后获得超导薄膜的方法。用这种方法所获得的超导薄膜的原子组分的调整比较方便,对于Nb3Sn的研究较为有利。实验测量了样品的超导参数和晶格参数,其超导临界温度(Tc)可达17 K,剩余电阻率(RRR)为5左右。需要进一步研究相关工艺,以便提高RRR,从而使这种方法在超导加速腔的制造中得到应用。     

磁控溅射多层沉积Nb_3Sn超导薄膜

Nb3Sn金属合金是一种性能优良的超导材料。磁控溅射多层沉积是用两个溅射源分层沉积铌和锡,再经过高温退火后获得超导薄膜的方法。用这种方法所获得的超导薄膜的原子组分的调整比较方便,对于Nb3Sn的研究较为有利。实验测量了样品的超导参数和晶格参数,其超导临界温度(Tc)可达17 K,剩余电阻率(RRR)为5左右。需要进一步研究相关工艺,以便提高RRR,从而使这种方法在超导加速腔的制造中得到应用。     

超导量子干涉仪计算机自动控制系统

提出了计算机控制的射频超导量子干涉器自动测量、控制系统的实现 ;并对系统工作原理、硬件电路和软件编制的设计思想做了简要介绍。     

Elaboration of high purity iron (RRR>4000) by horizontal zone melting—attempts for chemical characterization

High purity iron bars were prepared by horizontal zone melting in a water cooled copper boat. The bar is zone melted five times under helium and five times under dry hydrogen. In order to characterize the metal, RRR measurements were performed on cold rolled and annealed samples in dry and wet hydrogen. The RRR measurements vary with the water content of hydrogen: 2734 after dry annealing, 4287 after wet annealing. The RRR variation cannot be related to titanium, chromium, copper or manganese internal oxidation, but to that of aluminium and silicon. After chemical polishing, RRR measurements increase by about 2000 points. If we want to adopt the RRR measurement as a purity criterion of the samples, the surface treatments and the annealing conditions have to be stated. We tried to connect the RRR to the chemical purity of the material. Considering the present analysis capabilities and the high purity metal degree involved, it seems difficult to directly connect the RRR measurements to the variation of the chemical impurities contents.     

Inhibiting radiative recombination rate to enhance quantum yields in a quantum photocell

Inhibiting the radiative radiation is an efficient approach to enhance quantum yields in a solar sell. This work carries out the inhibition of radiative recombination rate(RRR) in a quantum photocell with two coupled donors. We perform explicit calculations of the transition rates, energy gaps and the absorbed solar wavelength-dependent RRR, and find that two different regimes play the crucial roles in inhibiting RRR. One is the quantum coherence generated from two different transition channels, the other includes the absorbed photon wavelength and gaps between the donor and acceptor in this proposed photocell model. The results imply that there may be some efficient ways to enhance the photoelectron conversion compared to the classic solar cell.     

Development of high purity niobium used in SRF accelerating cavity

Niobium is widely used in SRF (Superconducting Radio Frequency) cavities due to its excellent superconductivity and workability. With the continuous development of technology, higher demands of material are raised. One of the key issues is that RRR (Residual Resistance Ratio) of the Nb material should be more than 300, which requires that the Nb ingot have even higher RRR. This article introduces the development and the experimental results of high purity niobium in OTIC in Ningxia (Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co. Ltd.), and the test results of the single cell TESLA (Tera Electron volt energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator) shaped cavity manufactured by Peking University using Nb material from OTIC.     

Development of high purity niobium used in SRF accelerating cavity

Niobium is widely used in SRF(Superconducting Radio Frequency)cavities due to its excellent superconductivity and workability.With the continuous development of technology,higher demands of material are raised.One of the key issues is that RRR(Residual Resistance Ratio)of the Nb material should be more than 300.which requires that the Nb ingot have even higher RRR.This article introduces the development and the experimental results of high purity niobium in OTIC in Ningxia(Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co.Ltd.),and the test results of the single cell TESLA(Tera Electron volt energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator)shaped cavity manufactured by Peking University using Nb material from OTIC.     

Magnetic breakdown in very dilute aluminum-silver alloys

The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the electrical magnetoresistance of very dilute (1 300 ? RRR ? 10 000) AlAg alloys have been measured for H ? [110]. Although no oscillations were observed, there is evidence in the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance for the existence of magnetic breakdown.     

一维快装置中心反应率模拟计算的灵敏度和不确定度分析

采用广义微扰理论和离散纵标输运计算方法,推导了中心反应率比值对重要核反应参数的灵敏度的计算公式。以一维快基准装置Jezebel-Pu239为例,计算了其中心反应率比值对关键核数据的灵敏度,并结合多群协方差数据,分析了其中心反应率比值计算中由于核数据的不确定度所引入的不确定度及其来源。根据计算结果以及评价数据的协方差信息,建议对Pu-239的非弹截面数据进行更精细的评价,以期降低反应率比的模拟计算不确定度。On the base of the generalized perturbation theory and SN method, the theoretical model for calculating the sensitivity and uncertainty of reaction rates ratio (RRR) versus nuclear data is developed. Taking Jezebel-Pu239 critical benchmarking facility as an example, the sensitivity of F49/F25 ratio versus important nuclear data is calculated, as well as the uncertainty arising from the nuclear data. Basing on the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis as well as the covariance information of input evaluated data, refined evaluation of the inelastic data of Pu-239 is considered as a feasible measure to reduce the uncertainty of reaction rates ratios.     

Triple Regge and finite mass sum rule analysis of the inclusive reaction pp → pX

We present the results of a comprehensive analysis of inclusive pp → pX data in terms of the triple Regge formalism. We use all available data and in the theory include PPP, PPR, RRP, RRR, ππP, and ππR terms. Further we examine the importance of interference terms (e.g. PRP) and present solutions with the triple pomeron either vanishing or non-vanishing at t = 0. Predictions are made for both pp → pX and pn → pX at NAL and ISR energies. In addition, finite mass sum rules (FMSR), constructed from low-mass diffractive dissociation data, are shown to be in good agreement with the high-energy, high-mass fits. The energy, momentum transfer and moment dependence of the FMSR are discussed in detail.     

Fully band-resolved scattering rate in MgB2 revealed by the nonlinear hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements

We have measured the normal state temperature dependence of the Hall effect and magnetoresistance in epitaxial MgB2 thin films with variable disorders characterized by the residual resistance ratio RRR ranging from 4.0 to 33.3. A strong nonlinearity of the Hall effect and magnetoresistance have been found in clean samples, and they decrease gradually with the increase of disorders or temperature. By fitting the data to the theoretical model based on the Boltzmann equation and ab initio calculations for a four-band system, for the first time, we derived the scattering rates of these four bands at different temperatures and magnitude of disorders. Our method provides a unique way to derive these important parameters in multiband systems.     

Dependence of the longitudinal magnetoresistance of iron whiskers on the measuring current

The dependence of the longitudinal magnetoresistance of 100 iron whiskers upon the measuring current is investigated at 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 20 kA/m. The carbon-saturated single crystal whiskers are 30 to 150 m in diameter with a residual resistance ratio (RRR) of about 300. The shape of the resulting magnetoresistance curves exhibits a strong dependence on the actual measuring current. Previously existing hysteresis effects and resistivity jumps disappear with increasing current in the range from 0 to 1 A.     

高质量FeSe单晶薄膜的制备及相关性能表征

在铁基超导体中,FeSe具有最简单的晶体结构和化学组成,而且其超导转变温度具有较大的调控空间,因此适合作为超导机理研究和应用的载体.高质量样品的研制是物性研究和器件应用的前提,本文系统地研究了利用激光脉冲沉积技术制备FeSe薄膜的工艺条件,在多种衬底上成功地制备出高质量的β-FeSe薄膜,并首次实现了超导临界转变温度从小于2 K到14 K的连续调控,这为FeSe超导机理研究提供了样品支持.为探究FeSe薄膜超导电性变化的起因,从β-FeSe超导电性与晶格常数c正相关出发,基于简单的费米面填充假设,第一性原理计算可以很好地解释晶格常数c的变化规律,但该假设并不能完全符合角分辨光电子能谱实验给出的电子结构演变过程.因此β-FeSe薄膜的超导电性、晶格结构和电子结构三者之间的关系还有待澄清,该问题的解决将为FeSe超导机理研究提供重要的线索,而上述系列高质量的β-FeSe薄膜样品恰好能为该问题的研究提供理想的载体.本文根据实验和已有的相关研究结果,详细介绍了FeSe薄膜的脉冲激光沉积制备及其优化,以期为后续的薄膜研究应用提供参考.