螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器壳程传热及压降性能试验研究

通过搭建试验测试平台测试了螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器壳侧传热及压降性能,并与传统的折流板式油冷却器进行了性能对比。结果表明,螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器传热和压降性能都优于传统折流板油冷却器;在相同的压降下,螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器的壳程传热系数是传统折流板式油冷却器的2³倍,综合性能有明显的优越性。根据试验结果拟合出了螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器壳程传热系数和压降与壳程流速的关系式,为后续螺旋扭曲膨胀管油冷却器的推广应用提供参考。     

波纹管换热器传热性能实验的教研启示

对波纹管管束的管程和壳程压降、流阻、努塞尔特数及综合性能进行了实验研究,且给出实验结论,并由此提出了通常的实验研究与实验教学思路。实验结果表明:在流量相同条件下,波纹管的压降、流阻、努塞尔特数均高于光管,但综合性能指标显著高于光管,说明波纹管是一种高效强化传热元件。     

管壳式换热器强化传热技术概述

总结了近年来国内外新型管壳式换热器的研究进展,从管程、壳程、管束三方面介绍了管壳式换热器的发展历程、结构改进及强化传热机理,并与普通弓形折流板换热器进行对比,概括了各式换热器的强化传热特点。最后指出了换热器的研究方向。     

干湿工况下波纹翅片管换热器空气侧特性的对比

对7个带亲水层和3个不带亲水层波纹翅片管换热器在析湿工况下空气侧的换热压降特性进行了试验研究,在不同的入口风速和入口相对湿度下比较了干湿工况下的空气侧特性。结果表明,对带亲水层的波纹翅片,析湿工况下的压降显著地高于干工况下的;当入口风速小于0.5 m/s时,湿工况下的换热性能低于干工况下的,当入口风速增加到2.0 m/s时,湿工况下的换热性能则强于干工况下的。析湿工况下带亲水层波纹翅片的换热性能比不带亲水层波纹翅片的偏低一些,但是表面涂上亲水层可以大大降低空气侧的压降。提出析湿工况下波纹翅片管换热器空气侧的换热和压降关联式,平均误差分别为8.70%和7.90%,可用于设计波纹翅片管换热器或者评价它的性能。     

Impacts of fouling and cleaning on the performance of plate fin and spine fin heat exchangers

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of air-side fouling and cleaning on the performances of various condenser coils used in unitary air-conditioning systems. A total of six condenser coils with different fin geometry and row number were tested. Performance tests were performed at three different conditions: clean-as-received, after fouling, and after cleaning. In all cases, it was observed that the fouling was mostly confined to the frontal face of the heat exchanger as reported in the previous investigations. The amount of deposited dust was more dependent on fin geometry for the single-row heat exchangers than for the double-row heat exchangers. The predominant effect of fouling was to cause a more significant increase in air-side pressure drop than a degradation in heat transfer performance. For the single-row heat exchangers, the pressure drop increased by 28 to 31%, while the heat transfer performance decreased by 7 to 12% at the standard air face velocity of 1.53 m/s depending on fin shape. For the double-row heat exchangers, the pressure drop increased by 22 to 37%, and heat transfer performance decreased by only 4-5% at the same air face velocity. Once the contaminated coils were cleaned according to the given cleaning procedure the original performance of the heat exchangers could almost be recovered completely. The pressure drop could be restored within 1 to 7% and the heat transfer performance could be recovered to within 1 to 5% of the originally clean heat exchangers. Therefore, it is concluded that a periodic application of the specified cleaning technique will be effective in maintaining the thermal performance of the condenser coils.     

蒸发器内置毛细管开孔系统强化换热的试验研究

基于场协同强化理论,结合射流冲击的换热特点对常规毛细节流制冷系统进行优化,设计出一种新型的换热器装置。该换热器装置是将开孔毛细管内置到蒸发管中,使得制冷剂在节流后直接从毛细管沿轴向的不同孔口处冲击到蒸发管的内壁上蒸发换热,该冲击过程中由于速度场与温度梯度方向的协同性最大而具有显著的强化换热效果。首先,理论分析了毛细管进口速度(2m/s和0.5m/s)和开孔直径(1mm和0.5mm)的速度场与温度梯度方向的协同性,其次,在0MPa的回气压力下对该新型换热器装置进行性能试验,并以常规毛细节流系统作对比试验。试验结果表明,开孔试验中蒸发管表面的温度场比较稳定,而常规毛细试验中各测点由于毛细管节流的流量调节能力差而存在较大的波动。在蒸发压力和换热面积相同条件下,毛细试验的排气压力要比开孔试验高出13.6%,所以开孔试验的性能系数、制冷剂充注量比毛细试验更优;同时,毛细试验的压缩机功耗要比开孔试验高出9.1%,可见开孔试验系统的制冷效率比常规毛细试验的更高。开孔试验因为在多处射流冲击供液,并且射流冲击在冲击区中射流工质的流场和温度梯度场具有极好的协同度而能显著强化换热,使得蒸发管表面形成的温度场相对更均匀。     

低压降高效换热器复合强化传热试验研究

大小孔折流板与圆弧波纹管都是近几年提出的降低换热器壳程压降和提高传热效果的结构元件。针对大小孔折流板和圆弧波纹管的特点,提出了将两者相结合的低压降高效换热器,并试验研究该换热器的流动和传热性能。结果表明,换热器具有较低的壳程压降和良好综合传热能力。与光管的普通弓形折流板换热器相比,相同流量下,大孔直径为φ26mm的圆弧切线波纹管与大小孔折流板复合结构换热器的壳程板间压降可降低64％,虽然孔径较大时壳程膜传热系数有所下降,但总传热系数有明显提高。若以单位压降的传热系数来评判,圆弧切线波纹管与大小孔折流板复合结构换热器的强化传热性能要远高于普通弓形折流板换热器,最高值可达普通弓形折流板换热器的2．87倍。     

新型叠片式油冷却器传热及综合性能的研究

探讨一种铝叠片和弓形折流板相结合的新型叠片式油冷却器,对其传热及综合性能进行了研究,并与螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器进行了对比.试验结果表明,新型叠片式油冷却器热交换量较螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器平均提高52.5％,单位压降热交换量较螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器平均提高24.1％.在整体结构方面,其单位体积换热面积为螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器的2.84倍,而材料总重量仅为螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器的60.7％,说明新型叠片式油冷却器具有体积小、换热面积大、重量轻的优点;从经济效益角度看,新型叠片式油冷却器相比螺纹管弓形折流板油冷却器更加节省耗材成本,体现了新型换热器的高效性、紧凑性和节能性.     

套管式CO_2蒸发器的优化设计计算

为了设计出结构紧凑、具有更好换热性能的CO_2蒸发器,本文建立了套管式CO_2蒸发器的计算模型,论述了套管式换热器的计算方法和步骤,并最终确定了套管式换热器的结构尺寸和型式。结果表明:传热系数随管束内径的增大先增大后减小,CO_2侧压降随管束内径的增大而减小;管束个数增加,换热系数和CO_2侧压降都减小。研究成果可为今后套管式CO_2蒸发器的优化设计提供理论依据。     

Heat transfer enhancement with mixing vane spacers using the field synergy principle

The single-phase heat transfer characteristics in a PWR fuel assembly are important. Many investigations attempt to obtain the heat transfer characteristics by studying the flow features in a 5×5 rod bundle with a spacer grid. The field synergy principle is used to discuss the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement using mixing vanes according to computational fluid dynamics results, including a spacer grid without mixing vanes, one with a split mixing vane, and one with a separate mixing vane. The results show that the field synergy principle is feasible to explain the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement in a fuel assembly. The enhancement in subchannels is more effective than on the rod's surface. If the pressure loss is ignored, the performance of the split mixing vane is superior to the separate mixing vane based on the enhanced heat transfer. Increasing the blending angle of the split mixing vane improves heat transfer enhancement, the maximum of which is 7.1%. Increasing the blending angle of the separate mixing vane did not significantly enhance heat transfer in the rod bundle, and even prevented heat transfer at a blending angle of 50°. This finding testifies to the feasibility of predicting heat transfer in a rod bundle with a spacer grid by field synergy, and upon comparison with analyzed flow features only, the field synergy method may provide more accurate guidance for optimizing the use of mixing vanes.     

新型纵向流油冷却器传热性能及压降的试验研究

对两种不同角度的螺纹翅片管,分别在螺旋折流板及新型壳程挡板支撑下的3种结构的油冷却器进行了传热与阻力性能试验,结果表明,翅片角为5°的螺纹翅片管的传热性能比翅片角为13.5°的螺纹翅片管提高10%～30%,而流动阻力相差很小。对于同角度的螺纹翅片管油冷却器,新型阻流片壳程挡板虽然传热效果不及螺旋折流板,但是其壳程压降较螺旋折流板降低30%～40%,且单位压降下的热交换量提高10%～40%,这种结构对于大流量、长径比大且对壳程压降要求较高的油冷却器有一定的研究意义。     

强化相变传热换热管束的制造技术

强化传热技术已广泛应用于石油、化工领域的管壳式换热器中。本文从强化传热的机理出发，对螺旋槽管、烧结型表面多孔管强化冷凝和沸腾传热换热管束的结构特点、制造工艺、强化效果进行了详细的分析，为该类高效节能换热器的广泛工程应用提供了设计依据。     

开孔折流板对列管式换热器传热性能的影响研究

针对由传统弓形折流板结构带来的壳程流动死区,从而引起的流动阻力大、传热效率低等问题,本文对折流板进行开孔,通过数值模拟的方法研究开孔折流板结构对列管式翅片换热器壳侧流体流动、传热及阻力性能的影响。研究发现,折流板开孔后,壳程流动死区明显减小,壳程传热系数及压降同比开孔前降低了;综合换热性能同比开孔前提升了。壳程压降随开孔率及板间距的增大而减小,壳程努塞尔数Nu随板间距的增大逐渐增大。从综合换热性能及场协同的角度分析发现,开孔率x=0.229、折流板间距H=85 mm的列管式换热器综合传热性能最佳。     

基于正交试验的等弦波形管热工性能分析

基于模拟正交试验法并通过Fluent软件分析,开发出新型等弦波形强化换热管（D＝10 mm, L＝45 mm,R＝50 mm）,分析得出了较大的法向分速度冲刷壁面是影响其对流换热的主要因素;利用场协同理论分析了等弦波形管的强化换热原理,计算出协同角,通过与直管对比发现,协同角有明显减小,局部达10°以上;最后从泵功耗指标出发,计算得出与直管相比,换热效率提高47．6％,验证了新型等弦波形强化换热管具有较优越的热工性能。     

Heat transfer enhancement for fin-tube heat exchanger using vortex generators

Vortex generators are fabricated on the fin surface of a fin-tube heat exchanger to augment the convective heat transfer. In addition to horseshoe vortices formed naturally around the tube of the fin-tube heat exchanger, longitudinal vortices are artificially created on the fin surface by vortex generators. The purpose of this study is to investigate the local heat transfer phenomena in the fin-tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators, and to evaluate the effect of vortices on the heat transfer enhancement. Naphthalene sublimation technique is employed to measure local mass transfer coefficients, then analogy equation between heat and mass transfer is used to calculate heat transfer coefficients. Experiments are performed for the model of fin-circular tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators, and of fin-flat tube heat exchangers with and without vortex generators. Average heat transfer coefficients of fin-flat tube heat exchanger without vortex generator are much lower than those of fin-circular tube heat exchanger. On the other hand, fin-flat tube heat exchanger with vortex generators has much higher heat transfer value than conventional fin-circular tube heat exchanger. At the same time, pressure losses for four types of heat exchanger is measured and compared.     

新型人字形组合板式换热器及导流区的数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,运用SOLIDWORKS三维建模软件和FLUENT软件对一种新型人字形组合板式换热器及四种新型导流区进行研究。分析了不同设计参数的新型人字形组合板式换热器换热系数和压降,得到优化后的设计参数;从流型、压降、出口流体均匀分配程度等方面对市面上常见的2种导流区进行分析,在此基础上提出4种新型导流区,通过数值模拟研究其导流效果。结果发现:新型人字形组合板式换热器J型板较市面上常见的M型板的综合性能更优。当组合板中大波纹倾角板片(②板片)的倾角为60°,波纹截距为18 mm、16 mm或者14 mm中某一值时,随着组合板中小波纹倾角板片(①板片)波纹倾角增大,无论是冷流体还是热流体,表面传热系数和压降均增大。当①板片的波纹倾角为30°或40°,②板片的波纹截距变化对组合板片的性能影响不大;当1板片的波纹倾角为50°,②板片的波纹截距变化对组合板片的性能影响较大。导流区的设计对流体分布情况起主要影响作用。市面上常见的某种常规型导流区导流效果差,压降大,某公司M系列巧克力块型的导流区导流效果较好,压降小。4种新型导流区比常规型导流区的导流效果更好,压降介于常规型和巧克力块型之间,其中新型导流区Ⅲ的导流效果最好,压降很小。     

组合涡发生器在螺旋板式换热器上的强化传热研究

在螺旋板式换热器螺旋通道内设置三角翼和椭圆柱组合涡发生器,利用流体计算软件Fluent进行三维数值模拟。研究了Re为4000～7000内组合涡发生器对通道平均Nu和平均阻力系数f的影响,并应用场协同原理进行了分析。与只加装椭圆柱涡发生器的螺旋板式换热器进行对比,结果表明,纵向涡发生器产生的二次流能改善螺旋通道内的速度场与温度场的协同性,起到强化换热作用。在正三角形排列方式下,组合涡发生器通道的平均Nu比椭圆柱涡发生器的平均Nu增大8.7%,阻力因子f减小23.7%,强化换热的效果较好。     

特殊结构管壳式换热器的设计与制造

对几种典型换热器的总体结构进行了介绍,并对管板、管接头以及管束支撑等关键结构进行了分析。从而表明了中国一重在大型、高压换热设备设计、制造领域的优势。     

新型百叶窗翅片对流换热特性研究

百叶窗翅片广泛应用在紧凑式换热器中,基于传统矩形百叶窗结构,提出两种新型矩/梭形百叶窗翅片,利用FLUENT软件对不同结构的百叶窗翅片流场、温度场进行模拟分析,对比不同结构百叶窗翅片的传热和阻力特性。研究表明,由于流道变截面的影响,使得梭形百叶窗和矩/梭形百叶窗有较高流速的流体冲刷加热管壁面,从而梭形百叶窗和矩/梭形百叶窗传热效果增强,其综合性能均优于矩形百叶窗,矩/梭（2/1）形百叶窗传热j因子相对较高,综合性能较好。     

Three-dimensional fin-tube expansion process to achieve high heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers

A novel manufacturing process for expanding the tubes of fin-tube type heat exchangers using a three-dimensional (3D) spiral expanding ball fabricated via metal additive manufacturing was proposed for the manufacture of highly efficient heat exchangers. To improve the heat transfer efficiency of fin-tube type heat exchangers, fine grooves are generally formed inside a tube to increase the heat transfer area. However, the height of a groove is commonly reduced when a tube is expanded for tightening with fins. To address this issue, a 3D expanding ball with spiral grooves was first developed and used in the expansion process. In conventional tube expansion, the height reduction of grooves is approximately 10.3 %. However, we demonstrated that it was dramatically improved, reaching approximately 1.7 %, when the proposed process with a 3D expanding ball was applied. We believe that this approach can be used in practical industries to manufacture highly efficient fin-tube heat exchangers.