水平管内纯饱和蒸汽强制对流冷凝局部换热特性

通过对水平管内饱和纯蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热的实验研究, 分析在管内两相流型为环状流-半环状与波状流时, 质量含汽率、蒸汽入口流速和压力对蒸汽冷凝换热的影响, 并得到了同时适用于这两种流型的计算局部冷凝传热系数的经验关联式。结果表明:局部冷凝传热系数在环状流-半环状流及波状流下均随质量含汽率和压力的降低而减小;在环状流-半环状流下, 随蒸汽入口流速的升高而增大, 在波状流下, 随蒸汽入口流速的增大而减小;实验拟合所得到的换热经验关联式与实验结果符合良好, 偏差在±20%以内。     

水平微肋管内流动蒸发换热特性的实验研究

为了研究微肋管结构尺寸及工况等对管内流动蒸发性能的影响,对4种微肋管和1根9.52 mm光管进行了实验,4根微肋管中管外径为9.52 mm和7 mm的各2根,所用工质为R22.实验中质量流速变化范围为90～400kg•m^-2•s^-1,所选工况为：蒸发温度7℃,入口干度15%～20%,出口过热度5～6℃.获得了蒸发换热性能随质量流速的变化,讨论了微肋结构尺寸和管径等对蒸发换热性能的影响.两根9.52mm微肋管的传热系数比光管分别分别提高了130%和180%,而其内表面积只比光管分别增加了40%和70%.     

离心流化床中强制对流换热的实验研究

对离心流化床干燥器中气体与被干燥颗粒物料之间的强制对流换热进行了实验研究,获得了各主要运行参数对气固换热系数的影响规律,并利用场协同原理分析了对流换热强化的机理. 实验证明,在一定转速范围内,在气流速度方向和热流方向（温度梯度方向）一致时,换热的准则关联式具有Nu＝CRePr的形式. 获得了满足Nu～RePr呈直线关系的Pe(Pe=RePr)数变化范围和临界Pe数,当Pe数大于临界值后,离心流化床中对流换热强度随Pe数增加而增大的趋势会明显减缓并偏离线性区.     

缩放管及改型缩放管内的自然对流换热研究

对普通缩放管、改型缩放管和光滑管进行了自然对流换热的实验研究 ,得到了这三种传热管的自然对流换热系数与热流密度的关系 ,并估算了自然对流段中的阻力损失。实验结果表明 ,改型缩放管和普通缩放管的自然对流换热系数分别比光滑管提高 1 8.3 %和 8.9% ,但管内阻力损失相差不大 ,说明改型缩放管适用于自然对流强化换热的场合。     

蒸发管内汽液两相流不稳定性线性均相模型

提出了描述两相流不稳定性的线性均相模型。根据均相模型运用系统控制原理的方法导出了描述系统稳定性的无因次参数η。运用参数η判断系统的稳定性，计算值和试验值基本吻合。     

三维内微肋管内凝结流型分区及分层波状流换热关联式

引　言水平管内的受迫对流膜状凝结广泛用于化学工业及制冷与空调的冷凝设备中 .对于冷凝器的设计 ,确定管内膜状凝结换热系数是至关重要的 .众所周知 ,水平管内受迫对流凝结在流动方向汽液两相流动会出现不同的流型 ,对于不同的流型 ,对应的换热机理和换热系数也各不相同 .因此 ,首先需要区分管内受迫对流换热的流型 ,在此基础上再针对不同的流型对其凝结换热过程进行研究 .对于整个凝结换热过程 ,通常是根据汽液两相流在不同流型时的流动及换热特征将凝结过程划分为不同的流型区域 ,并得到相应的流型转变的判据 ,然后通过实验对不同的流型…     

污垢对管内层流对流换热场协同影响的数值研究

利用数值分析的方法,研究了污垢对管内层流对流换热速度场、温度场及它们之间协同度的影响。结果表明,在流速不变的情况下,污垢层厚度增加,管壁的对流换热系数增大,流场和温度场的协同性增强,但总传热效果变差。     

水平管内油气两相混合物的传热计算

随着油气田开发的不断深入,油气两相混输技术的使用越来越广泛,这就涉及到水平管内油气两相混合物的传热计算问题。鉴于水平管内油气两相流动的复杂性,以三种常用简化计算的假设为基础,分别建立均相传热模型、分相传热模型以及流型传热模型,同时运用Aspen EDR软件对油气两相传热进行计算。将计算结果与工程实际设计值进行对比分析可知,均相传热模型与实际值相差最大;而流型传热模型最接近实际值,其相对误差仅2.6%;分相传热模型与软件计算值误差则介于这两者之间。另外,通过改变流速,对各个模型得出的油气两相传热系数进行了对比分析。     

水平长直管内油水两相流流动特性实验研究

The flow patterns and their transitions of oil-water two-phase flow in horizontal pipes were studied. The experiments were conducted in two kinds of horizontal tubes, made of plexiglas pipe and stainless steel pipe with 40 mm ID respectively. No. 46 mechanical oil and tap water were used as working fluids. The superflcial velocity ranges of oil and water were: 0.04-1.2m·s-1 and 0.04-2.2m·s-1, respectively. The flow patterns were identified by visualization and by transient fluctuation signals of differential pressure drop. The flow patterns were defined according to the relative distribution of oil and water phases in the pipes. Flow pattern maps were obtained for both pipelines. In addition, semi-theoretical transition criteria for the flow patterns were proposed, and the proposed transitional criteria are in reasonable agreement with available data in liquid-liquid systems.     

环形狭缝通道内气液两相环状流流动特性

建立了环形狭缝通道内气液两相环状流的理论模型 ,该模型计及环状流气芯流动的可压缩性、气液两相间的相滑移、气相对液滴的夹带作用等因素 .考察了两相流质量流量和干度对压降、液滴速度相对变化和狭缝喉部气芯通流面积的影响 .用建立的理论模型对空气 -水两相环状流通过环形狭缝的两相压降进行预测 ,预测值和试验值吻合良好     

预测水平管气-液环状流周向液膜厚度分布的理论模型

针对水平环状流液膜厚度沿周向分布的不对称性 ,用 5组双平行电导探针测量了水平管内气液环状流沿周向的瞬态液膜厚度 ,得到了平均液膜厚度沿周向的分布规律 .分析了液膜向上输送的机理 .为更为准确地预测液膜厚度 ,综合考虑了扰动波抽吸作用机理、气体二次流机理及液滴沉降和携带机理 ;通过量级比较和应力平衡的方法 ,提出了一个预测液膜厚度沿周向分布的理论模型 .数值模拟结果表明预测值与实验测量结果符合较好     

气液两相流流经环形狭缝通道的流动特性

引言动力、能源、石油化工等领域中广泛应用着各类管壳式换热器,此类换热器的管子与折流板之间、折流板与壳体之间在制造与装配中存在着一定的间隙。这些间隙对壳侧的压降及换热系数有较大影响。对于单相流体,这些间隙产生的泄漏量可占总流量的15％～60％~［1～4]．根据文献报道~［5],大约有50％以上的管壳式换热器涉及气液两相流,迄今为止对气液两相流体流经环形狭缝通道的流动特性研究尚未见有文献报道．本文在水平放置环形狭缝通道中,对空气一水两相混合物流经3种不同间隙环形狭缝通道的流动特性进行了研究,并应用分相模型提出了计…     

非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在水平微翅管内流动沸腾特性

对非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在5种水平微翅管内的流动沸腾特性进行了实验研究,获得了传热系数随质量流量、热通量及干度的变化关系,并对各种工况下的换热机理进行了分析和讨论.同时,对R22和R32/R134a在微翅管与光管内水平流动沸腾传热系数进行了比较.     

EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID ON CO2 CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN VAPOR-WATER TWO-PHASE HORIZONTAL FLOW

The effect of acetic acid on the corrosion behavior of X 65 and C 1018 carbon steel in vapor-water two-phase stratified flow (Vsg: 2 m/s; Vsl: 0.1 m/s) at 2 bars total pressure, 1.54 bars CO₂ partial pressure, pH 5.5, and 80°C was studied in a low pressure-high temperature multiphase flow horizontal loop using electrochemical and mass loss techniques. The liquid phase is composed of 1% NaCl aqueous solution containing different concentrations of acetic acid (500 to 5000 ppm total acetic acid), and the gas phase is composed of CO₂-acetic acid-water vapor mixture. The corrosion rates, on both the top and bottom of the line, increase with increase in acetic acid concentration, which was attributed to the contribution of hydrogen ions by the free acetic acid to the cathodic reaction. Partial coverage of the metal surface by FeCO₃ on both the top and bottom of the line is reported to be responsible for the observed localized corrosion. Surface analysis investigated with SEM and XRD is reported.

A vapor-liquid equilibrium model was developed for the system studied.     

NON-EQUILIBRIUM TWO-PHASE FLOW IN A HORIZONTAL T-JUNCTION

The paper discusses the flow of saturated or nearly saturated water in a horizontal sharp edged T-J unction. Equations were developed to predict the vapour mass fraction and the splitting ratio in both the run and branch lines. Experimental measurements obtained showed that the mass of vapour formed in the branch line was much higher than that formed in the run line. The calculated vapour mass fractions in both the run and branch lines were higher than, but close to, the measured data. The measured branch line splitting ratio was higher than that calculated from the developed model. A good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and the model predictions.     

水平矩形管内气液两相流界面波特性

<正>气液两相流中界面波的存在对传热、传质、阻力特性及稳定性都有很大影响。前人有关界面波的研究大多偏重于两相流中界面波的类型及其转变,而对其特征参数变化规律(如振幅、波长、频率和速度等)的研究则很少。但界面波对气液两相流流动阻力和流动结构影响机理的深入研究必须以了解界面波的各特性参数为前提,同时界面波有关特性参数的深入研究也可为气液两相流的数学理论化提供实验基础。 本文以气、水为工质,系统研究了水平矩形管内气液两相流的界面波特性。根据界面波在时域、幅域内的不同特征区别出了各种类型的波并给出了相应的波形和流型图。着重研究了界面波各特征量随气液两相流量变化的变化规律。     

海水淡化装置中水平管降膜蒸发研究进展

本文对水平管降膜蒸发管的传热特性和流型分布特征进行了概括和总结。同时,对液膜负荷、液体进口温度、分配器结构及换热面强化等对水平降膜蒸发性能的影响进行了阐述。提出了海水淡化装置中采用水平管降膜蒸发器的优越性,及需进行的相关研究。     

EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID ON CO2 CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN VAPOR-WATER TWO-PHASE HORIZONTAL FLOW

The effect of acetic acid on the corrosion behavior of X 65 and C 1018 carbon steel in vapor-water two-phase stratified flow (Vsg: 2 m/s; Vsl: 0.1 m/s) at 2 bars total pressure, 1.54 bars CO₂ partial pressure, pH 5.5, and 80°C was studied in a low pressure-high temperature multiphase flow horizontal loop using electrochemical and mass loss techniques. The liquid phase is composed of 1% NaCl aqueous solution containing different concentrations of acetic acid (500 to 5000 ppm total acetic acid), and the gas phase is composed of CO₂-acetic acid-water vapor mixture. The corrosion rates, on both the top and bottom of the line, increase with increase in acetic acid concentration, which was attributed to the contribution of hydrogen ions by the free acetic acid to the cathodic reaction. Partial coverage of the metal surface by FeCO₃ on both the top and bottom of the line is reported to be responsible for the observed localized corrosion. Surface analysis investigated with SEM and XRD is reported.

A vapor-liquid equilibrium model was developed for the system studied.