T700碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料自然老化性能与机制

为验证复合材料的耐久性,对T700碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料经自然老化后的微观形貌、表面元素含量、热性能与力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明: 在光氧老化与热氧老化的共同作用下,T700碳纤维增强EP-A环氧树脂基（T700/EP-A）复合材料表层树脂将发生老化降解,并且随自然老化时间的延长,T700/EP-A复合材料的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低,未老化试样的玻璃化转变温度为207℃,经过自然老化处理3年后,其玻璃化转变温度降低为180℃,延长自然老化时间至5年时,其玻璃化转变温度进一步降低至172℃。而自然老化过程对复合材料力学性能可能同时存在着增强效应与损伤效应,因此造成了T700/EP-A与T700/EP-B复合材料的不同力学性能表现出相异的变化趋势。随自然老化时间延长,T700/EP-A与T700/EP-B复合材料纵向拉伸强度表现出先升高后降低的趋势,纵向弯曲强度表现出逐渐升高的趋势,纵向压缩强度与层间剪切强度存在波动,未呈现出明显变化。      

液晶聚氨酯/酚醛树脂共混复合材料的力学性能和摩擦性能

使用自行合成的联苯型液晶聚氨酯(LCPU)与热塑性酚醛树脂(PF)通过原位复合的方法制备了一系列不同LCPU含量的LCPU/PF共混复合材料。研究了不同LCPU含量对LCPU/PF原位复合材料的力学性能,玻璃化转变温度和摩擦性能的影响,采用SEM研究了不同LCPU含量对LCPU/PF复合材料的磨损面及磨损机理的影响。结果表明,LCPU的加入可以显著地改善材料的力学性能,冲击强度提高18.7%、弯曲强度提高37.1%;玻璃化转变温度提高18℃;在摩擦系数几乎不变的情况下可以明显降低材料的磨损体积。     

两次挤出制备尼龙66/纳米SiO2复合材料及其结构与性能

通过双螺杆两次挤出技术制得了尼龙66/SiO2纳米微粒复合材料,发现二次挤出的复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量、简支梁缺口冲击强度较纯尼龙66均有很大程度的提高,并通过动态力学热分析研究了复合材料的动态力学性能,复合材料的储能模量及玻璃化转变温度均有不同程度的提高。借助SEM分析了复合材料的拉伸断面形貌,并用DSC研究了复合材料的结晶行为。     

聚癸二酸甘油酯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的制备与性能

通过一步法得到了力学性能优异的碳纳米管(CNT)改性的聚癸二酸甘油酯纳米复合材料。将CNT分散在甘油中后与癸二酸进行缩聚反应,通过改变碳纳米管的添加量、癸二酸与甘油之间的配比以及固化时间得到了一系列的聚酯纳米复合材料。结果表明:CNT能明显的提高弹性体的强度和硬度,该纳米复合材料具有优异的力学性能,同时研究了CNT对玻璃化转变温度和凝胶含量等影响,并通过扫描电镜观察材料断面形貌,可以发现一定量的碳纳米管可以较均匀地分散在聚合物中。     

聚氯乙烯/极性单体改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

用甲基丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸等极性小分子对钠基蒙脱土（Na^＋-MMT）进行处理,得到改性的有机蒙脱土（OMMT）,用熔融复合法制备了聚氯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.力学性能测试发现,复合材料的拉伸及冲击性能较纯PVC都得到提高.通过XRD、TEM等方法对材料的微观结构进行表征,发现所得材料为剥离型复合材料.并用DSC测试了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）.     

短切石英纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的制备与性能

采用湿法混合工艺制备了短切石英纤维增强的PMR 型聚酰亚胺复合材料模塑粉, 使用热模压一次成型技术制备了聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料, 对复合材料的性能进行了系统研究。研究结果表明: 短切石英纤维增强的复合材料具有优异的热性能和良好的力学性能, 纤维含量对复合材料玻璃化转变温度和热失重温度影响不大,对材料的力学性能影响显著。复合材料具有优异的介电性能, 在1 kHz～18 GHz 宽频范围内具有稳定的介电常数和介电损耗。      

造纸白泥添加量对竹质纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

以造纸剩余物白泥为填料,马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)为相容剂,采用挤出成型工艺将竹质纤维和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行熔融复合制备竹质纤维/HDPE复合材料。利用万能力学试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电镜及动态力学分析仪,研究了白泥质量分数对复合材料力学性能的影响,并应用分形理论对拉伸强度与断口分形维数之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度随着白泥的质量分数增加明显降低,当白泥质量分数为18%时,其弯曲和拉伸性能较好,复合材料拉伸强度与分形维数呈近似指数函数关系;白泥质量分数对复合材料的损耗因子无明显影响,玻璃化转变温度以前,白泥质量分数对复合材料储存模量、损耗模量影响显著,玻璃化转变温度之后对复合材料无明显影响。     

定型剂对单轴向经编织物复合材料力学性能影响的试验研究

研究了真空辅助树脂注射（VARI）工艺中定型剂对环氧树脂的影响及其在织物表面的分布形式,以及定型剂用量对单轴向经编织物复合材料力学性能的影响,以确定最优的定型参数。采用示差扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）分别对加入不同用量定型剂的环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度和相形貌进行分析,并测试了加入不同用量定型剂后复合材料的力学性能。结果表明：随着定型剂用量的增加,环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低,且其相形貌逐渐由海岛结构经过双连续相结构到最后的相反转结构;室温下,随着定型剂用量的增加,织物表面定型剂的厚度及不均匀性增加,经过高温处理后,定型剂均匀分布在织物表面。定型剂用量对单轴向经编织物复合材料力学性能有较大影响,用量为20 g/m²时,复合材料体系的综合力学性能最优。     

氯化丁基橡胶共混改性体系的力学阻尼性能研究

采用机械共混改性方法制备了氯化丁基橡胶(CIIP)阻尼减振复合材料.研究氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、酚醛树脂(PF)用量以及硫化体系等对复合材料力学性能和阻尼性能的影响.结果表明:随CPE用量的增加,拉伸强度有明显的增加,阻尼损耗因子出现下降;当CPE用量为45份时,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度向高温方向推移了近35℃;随PF用量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度有一定的增大但增幅不大,阻尼损耗因子有所降低;当PF用量为55份时,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度向高温方向推移了近25℃;采用PF/DCP复合硫化剂制得的复合材料具有更好的综合阻尼性能.     

碳纤维高温退浆处理对聚酰亚胺复合材料热老化的影响

分别从复合材料热氧化失重、表面和微观形貌、力学性能和玻璃化转变温度等方面，对比研究了碳纤维退浆和未退浆两种状态的聚酰亚胺复合材料在330℃下热老化过程中的性能变化规律及机理。结果表明：碳纤维退浆可以降低聚酰亚胺复合材料的热氧化失重率。碳纤维未退浆的复合材料由于界面层含耐温性低的环氧上浆剂，在热老化过程中界面容易破坏，导致裂纹较多，边缘纤维较快发生脱离。未退浆的复合材料虽然在老化前具有较高的层间剪切强度，但在热老化前期降低较快，退浆的复合材料在200 h老化后层间剪切强度反而更高。两种复合材料老化前的弯曲强度基本相当，但未退浆的复合材料在老化前期弯曲强度下降较快；退浆对弯曲模量影响不大。退浆后的复合材料玻璃化转变温度提高了15℃左右；经热老化后，未退浆的复合材料玻璃化转变温度略有提高，而退浆的复合材料基本不变。因此，对碳纤维进行高温退浆处理有利于提高聚酰亚胺复合材料在高温下长期使用的稳定性。     

纳米高岭土的固相剪切碾磨制备及对PVC的增强增韧

采用固相剪切碾磨方法成功制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)-高岭土复合粉体,实现了高岭土的片层剥离和在PVC基体中的纳米分散及对PVC的同步增强增韧。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了PVC-高岭土纳米复合材料的结构,研究了其力学性能。结果表明,30次碾磨,高岭土的特征衍射峰几乎消失,高岭土以约30 nm片层厚度均匀分散于PVC基体,径厚比超过10。与简单填充复合方法相比,固相剪切碾磨技术制备的PVC/高岭土纳米复合材料的力学性能有较大提高。在高岭土质量分数为4%时,断裂伸长率由87.3%提高到274.6%,提高了214.7%;拉伸强度由47.7 MPa提高到54.0 MPa。     

增容剂对PVC/PA6共混物性能的影响

分别以乙烯醋酸乙烯酯接枝马来酸酐(EVA-g-MAH)、丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物接枝马来酸酐(ABS-g-MAH)及聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PE-g-MAH)三种聚合物为增容剂制备了聚氯乙烯/聚酰胺6(PVC/PA6)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)及力学性能测试研究了相容剂对PVC/PA6(80/20)的相形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,三种相容剂对PVC/PA6都具有明显的增容作用,但5%EVA-g-MAH增容PVC/PA6(80/20)的分散相尺寸最小最均匀;三种增容剂增容的PVC/PA6共混物都只有一个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),但EVA-g-MAH增容共混物的Tg略向高温偏移;力学性能测试结果显示,5%的EVA-g-MAH增容的PVC/PA6共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了18%和200%,达到了3.8kJ/m2和46MPa。     

Morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding

Two types of montmorillonite (MMT), natural sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), in different amounts of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 phr (parts per hundred resin), were dispersed in rigid poly (vinyl chloride) by two different methods: solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding. The effects on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites were studied by varying the amount of Na-MMT and OMMT in both methods. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that possible intercalated and exfoliated structures were obtained in all of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PVC/Na-MMT nanocomposites have better thermal stability than PVC/OMMT nanocomposites and PVC. In general, PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding revealed improved thermal properties compared to PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending. Vicat tests revealed a significant decrease in Vicat softening temperature of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding compared to unfilled PVC.     

Effect of interfacial interaction between graphene oxide derivatives and poly(vinyl chloride) upon the mechanical properties of their nanocomposites

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grafted GO reduced by dopamine (rGO@PDA-g-PMMA) were employed to determine the key factor responsible for the improved mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Dopamine was utilized to reduce GO and simultaneous coating of polydopamine (PDA) on the GO surface. rGO@PDA-g-PMMA was prepared by a combination of mussel-inspired chemistry and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization techniques. The resulting derivatives were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. PVC nanocomposites containing GO derivatives were prepared by solution blend and the nanocomposite films were obtained using a casting method. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile testing. The results revealed that the vital components responsible for the improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of rGO@PDA-g-PMMA/PVC nanocomposites compared to pure PVC are the interfacial interactions between the GO derivatives and the PVC matrix.     

Innovative green nanocomposites based on silicate clays/lignin/natural fibres

A new type of nanocomposite based on silicate clays, lignin and natural fibres has been elaborated by shear mixing in a twin-screw extruder. Either sepiolite or organically modified montmorillonite (Org-MMT) have been chosen for being dispersed into lignin/natural fibres system. The morphological aspect of the obtained nanocomposites has been controlled by Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). For sepiolite-based nanocomposites, individual needles have been observed while Org-MMT-based nanocomposites have exhibited partial delamination of silicate layers into intercalated and exfoliated nanostructures. The properties of the specimens have been studied by thermogravimetry (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and flexural tests. Incorporation of 2% or 5% w/w of sepiolite does not influence the mechanical and thermal behaviour compared to the reference lignin/natural fibres composite while Org-MMT-based nanocomposites have shown improved properties.     

偶联剂对聚氯乙烯/粘土纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用固相法、用自制的插层剂和偶联剂对粘土进行有机化插层改性制备出有机粘土;然后采用熔融插层法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/有机粘土纳米复合材料。研究表明,偶联剂KH-560处理的有机粘土与PVC形成插层型纳米复合材料,偶联剂KH-550处理的有机粘土与PVC形成的则是剥离型纳米复合材料。PVC/有机粘土的拉伸强度和冲击强度都有显著提高;KH550处理的有机粘土对PVC的改性效果明显优于KH560处理的有机粘土的改性效果。     

聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

以马来酸酐接枝低分子量的聚丙烯(M APP)为相容剂,采用熔融插层法,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/有机蒙脱土(OMM T)纳米复合材料;采用微机控制电子万能试验机、悬臂梁冲击试验机研究了复合材料的力学性能;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和偏光显微镜(POM)等对复合材料的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,熔融插层法能够获得较好的插层效果,适量蒙脱土的加入使聚丙烯的球晶数量增多,球晶尺寸变小;复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度都是先增加后降低,总体上来说,拉伸强度高于纯聚丙烯,冲击强度与纯聚丙烯相近。     

Impact essential work of fracture of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites toughened with SEBS-g-MA elastomer

Poly(propylene) (PP)/organo-montmorillonite (Org-MMT) nanocomposites toughened with maleated styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS-g-MA) were prepared via melt compounding. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the effects of the Org-MMT and SEBS-g-MA additions on the structure of nanocomposites. XRD traces showed that the characteristic (0 0 1) peak of the nanocomposites shifted to the lower angle region. Multi-layered stacks of clay platelets and independent exfoliated platelets were observed in TEM image. This implied that mixed intercalated and exfoliated structure were developed in the nanocomposites. The impact essential work of fracture (EWF) tests were used to evaluate the impact fracture toughness of the nanocomposites toughened with elastomer. The results showed that the SEBS-g-MA additions were beneficial in enhancing the essential and non-essential work of fracture of the nanocomposites.     

Influence of metal nanoparticle decorated CNTs on polyurethane based electro active shape memory nanocomposite actuators

Polymer nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) elastomer and metal nanoparticle (Ag and Cu) decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes (M-CNTs) were prepared through melt mixing process and investigated for its mechanical, dynamic mechanical and electro active shape memory properties. Structural characterization and morphological characterization of the PU nanocomposites were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological characterization revealed better dispersion of M-CNTs in the polyurethane, which is attributed to the improved interaction between the M-CNTs and polyurethane. Loading of the metal nanoparticle coated carbon nanotubes resulted in the significant improvement on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the PU composites in comparison to the pristine carbon nanotubes (P-CNTs). Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyurethane increases slightly with increasing loading of both pristine and metal nanoparticle functionalized carbon nanotubes. The metal nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes also showed significant improvement in the thermal and electrical conductivity of the PU/M-CNTs nanocomposites. Shape memory studies of the PU/M-CNTs nanocomposites exhibit remarkable recoverability of its shape at lower applied dc voltages.     

环氧树脂/蒙脱土/2-己基-4-甲基咪唑纳米复合材料的固化行为

用动态扭振法研究了不同蒙脱土用量的环氧树脂／有机蒙脱土／2-己基-4-甲基味唑纳米复合材料的等温固化过程。随固化温度的提高，凝胶化时间tg和达最大固化速率的时间tg缩短，固化速率加快，Avrami速率常数k增大。蒙脱土的加入加速了环氧体系的固化反应，但对表现活化能的影响不大，对纳米复合材料的形成过程没有特殊的影响。用非平衡态热力学涨落理论对纳米复合材料的固化作了理论预估，与实验固化曲线能很好地吻合。