质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展

介绍了燃料电池的工作原理及目前世界上主要燃料电池的主要特性;综述了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的主要基础研究进展;简单介绍了PEMFC关键部件的研究方向。     

质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展

由于质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）具有能量转化效率高、寿命长、比功率和比能量高、以及对环境友好等优点,近年来得到迅速发展.笔者综述了PEMFC的特点,分析了PEMFC在国内外的最新研究进展,介绍了PEMFC的应用前景,并指出了PEMFC研究当前需要解决的技术问题及其发展趋势.     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

介绍了三类质子交换膜,包括全氟磺酸膜、磺化聚芳烃系列膜和复合型质子交换膜,主要分析了每种膜的优缺点以及在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中的应用前景.     

燃料电池用质子交换膜

介绍了燃料电池用含氟质子交换膜的研究历程、应用、结构与性能的关系及当前针对性的改进,归纳了磺化碳氢聚合物、有机无机复合物、离子交联聚合物和无机固体酸等非氟质子交换膜的代表性研究,指出了各利非氟质子交换膜的优点和不足,对质子交换膜的发展做了相应的展望。     

燃料电池用质子交换膜电渗拖曳的研究进展

质子交换膜的电渗拖曳直接影响燃料电池的水管理和电池系统复杂性。本文对质子交换膜电渗拖曳系数的测量方法进行了综述,并指出了各种方法的优缺点。经比较发现：电渗拖曳池、氢泵、电泳核磁共振法可测量质子交换膜与液态水接触时的电渗拖曳系数,其值一般在2～5;活度梯度法和电泳核磁共振法可测量质子交换膜与气态水接触时的电渗拖曳系数。随着复合质子交换膜的发展,亟需普遍性的测量方法测定复合膜的电渗拖曳系数,为燃料电池模型提供相关的参数,以利于数学模型对质子交换膜的准确描述。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

综述了质子交换膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中的作用和要求,目前质子交换膜的研究进展,重点介绍了适用于直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜的各种材料的改性方法。按照物理和化学两种方法对几类质子交换膜材料进行改性。同时对比了改性前和改性后各种聚合物膜的物性特点。     

质子交换膜燃料电池用全氟磺酸复合膜性能研究

以醇和水为混合溶剂,在高温高压下制得了全氟磺酸树脂回收液,并用FYPFSA溶液改善了回收液的成膜性能,然后以PTFE多孔膜为增强材料,制成全氟磺酸/PTFE复合膜用于质子交换膜燃料电池,对复合膜的物理化学性能和电化学性能进行了测定.在41.5℃、p(H2)=0.03 MPa、P(O2)=0.2 MPa条件下用复合膜CM1组装的电池最大功率密度达到0.4 W/cm2.     

质子交换膜燃料电池技术的发展动向

目前 ,燃料电池技术已经从实验室研究逐渐走向规模化、实用化的开发 ,其研发模式也由单纯的科研机构研究转向政府、企业和科研机构三者的结合。本文评述了燃料电池尤其是质子交换膜燃料电池的应用和研发状况。简介了国际国内燃料电池领域内政府的支持和推动 ,以及企业的开发情况。并提出了燃料电池在普及中所面临的关键问题     

质子交换膜燃料电池用催化剂及其电极的研究进展

膜电极(MEA)是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的核心技术。膜电极包含的催化剂层、材料和结构等对PEMFC的性能影响很大。催化剂面层上供三相(质子、电子、气体)用的通道对于电池使用时的催化作用是必不可少的。介绍了近几年催化剂的研究进展,看重对三相通道进行了详细叙述。也回顾了一些用于改善催化剂活性的其他方法,如阴极催化、合金催化剂,根据这些进展,对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

质子交换膜燃料电池研究及应用现状

介绍了国内外质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)研究的整体现状及水平,分别讨论了PEMFC的3个关键部件:质子交换膜的材料要求,电化学反应催化剂的特点,膜电极的组成、制备工艺和最新进展,重点讨论了全氟磺酸型质子交换膜的类型、优缺点和当前的研究方向。在此基础上,追述了近年来国内外以PEMFC作为电动汽车动力源的实际应用情况,并指出应用PEMFC存在的问题。可以看到,PEMFC具有广阔的应用前景,将会在电动汽车方面得到最早的商业化应用。     

质子交换膜燃料电池关键技术研究进展

简述了质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的工作原理及特点;综述了PEMFC关键技术的最新研究进展,包括质子交换膜合成、电催化剂制备、膜电极工艺及水管理和热控制;并简介了我国PEMFC的开发情况。     

Nafion/PTFE Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

The composite membranes were prepared by impregnation of porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes with a 5 wt% Nafion solution. Scanning electron microscope micrographs of composite membranes show the surface and cross section of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes were covered and filled with Nafion resin. Comparison of physical properties and fuel cell performance of composite membranes with those of Nafion membranes (DuPont Co) is presented. The composite membrane has better thermal stability and gas barrier property but worse ionic conductivity than Nafion membrane. Though the composite membrane has a lower conductivity than Nafion membrane, however, owing to the thinner thickness of composite membrane (in thickness of 20±5µm) than Nafion-115 (in thickness of 125µm) and Nafion-117 (in thickness of 175µm) membranes, the composite membrane has a shorter H⁺ ion transporting pathway and thus a higher conductance (conductance = conductivity/membrane thickness) than Nafion-115 and Nafion-117 membranes. Thus the composite membrane has a better fuel cell performance than Nafion-117 and Nafion-115 membranes. In this report, we show that our composite membrane has a fuel cell performance similar to Nafion-112 membrane (in thickness of 50µm).     

直接甲醇燃料电池质子交换膜研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)以其燃料来源丰富、储存方便、结构简单、安全等优点而日益受到广泛的关注。预计将在很多领域中能得到广泛的应用。过去,人们对DMFC做了很多研究,针对直接甲醇燃料电池中的质子交换膜(PEM)的阻甲醇性能方面的研究进展作如下评述。     

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.     

燃料电池增湿系统的研究现状及发展趋势

燃料电池汽车是汽车未来发展的方向之一,概述了影响燃料电池汽车工作性能的最重要部件加湿器,介绍了目前正在研究应用的自增湿、外增湿和内增湿技术,并对各种加湿器的特点进行了对比,进一步介绍了加湿膜,探讨了燃料电池加湿器的国内外现状、未来前景及市场需求。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）是一种高效节能、工作稳定、环境友好的理想发电装置。质子交换膜是PEMFC的核心组成,是一种选择透过性膜,主要起传导质子、分割氧化剂与还原剂的作用。PEMFC用电催化剂主要为铂系电催化剂,为降低成本,提高铂的利用率和开发非铂系催化剂是今后催化剂研究的主要方向之一。对PEMFC电极的工作原理,关键组件及电池的水管理、热管理方法等作了综述。     

带增湿区的质子交换膜燃料电池

Water management is of great importance to maintain performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This paper presents a novel proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell with a humidification zone in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of each cell, in which the moisture of the cathode exhaust gas could transfer through the membrane to humidify anode or cathode dry gas. With a simple model, the relative humidity (RH) of the dry air exhaust from a membrane humidifier with 100% RH stream as a counter flow is calculated to be 60.0%, which is very close to the experimental result (62.2%). Fuel cell performances with hydrogen humidifying, air humidifying and no humidifying are compared at 50, 60 and 70˚C and the results indicate that humidifying is necessary and the novel design with humidifying zone in MEA is effective to humidify dry reactants. The hydrogen humidifying shows better performance in short term, while water recovered is limited and the stability is not as good as air hu-midifying. It is recommended that both air and hydrogen should be humidified with proper design of the humidifying zones in MEA and plates.