水样及生物体内微量锌,锰,硒谱催化波同时测定

本文提出了在酒石酸盐－乙二胺－高氯酸－亚硫酸钠－高碘酸钾－ＥＤＴＡ体系中同时测定微量锌、锰、硒的极谱催化波，波峰每锐，波形稳定。Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度在０．４－４０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ａｎ＾２＋浓度在１．６－８０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３，Ｓｅ浓度在０．０２－３．０μｇ／ｄｍ＾３内范围内浓度与峰电流呈线性关系。     

痕量硒极谱催化波测定

本文应用催化极谱技术建立了痕量Se的测定方法,该法够准确测定0.1ppb的Se,具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,能应用于矿泉水,文昌鱼和矿样中痕量Se的测定。     

硫酸盐的测定——交流示波极谱滴定在海水分析中的应用(Ⅱ)

采用交流示波极谱滴定法研究海水中硫酸盐的直接测定法。在pH8的乙二胺—盐酸底液中,以标准K_2Cr_2O_7溶液滴定适当过量的钡,由微过量的Cr_2O_7~(2-)(或CrO_4~(2-))在交流示波极谱图上产生的切口指示滴定终点。方法准确快速.测定标准海水和卤水中的SO_4~(2-)的回收率分别为98.11±0.67和100.03±1.1％。相对标准偏差小于1％。     

海水中超痕量钨及痕量钼的极谱催化波连续测定

本文研究了海水中超痕量钨与痕量钼的极谱催化波连续快速测定方法,在0.04MHCl—2.0×10-4M二苯羟乙酸的天然海水体系中,钨于-1.2伏(对SCE)出现一个十分灵敏的氢催化波,可定量测定低达5×1012M,在此体系中加入适量KClO₃,则可在-0.3伏测定相当灵敏的钼平行催化波,测定限量低达6×10-10M,海水取样少于50毫升,便可直接测定其钨与钼含量。     

海水中钾的测定——交流示波极谱滴定在海水分析中的应用(Ⅰ)

研究用交流示波极谱测定海水中钾的方法。海水试样用NaOH调节pH约12,加入过量四苯硼化钠标准溶液,用微孔滤膜(或滤纸)过滤沉淀。收集游液,用TI(Ⅰ)标准溶液滴定过量的四苯基硼离子。方法回收率为99.5％。测定结果与四苯硼化钾重量法结果一致。海水中共存离子不干扰测定,并可用于海水及多种盐溶液中钾的测定。本法因其简便、快速、准确而易于推广。     

波列在时、空域的数值模拟试验及波要素的统计比较

利用Longuet-Higgins 波浪模型,分别用无因次JONSWAP谱和文圣常谱生成时间序列的表面波列与其相匹配的空间序列表面波列,作波浪特征波要素间关系的数值试验检验.由实测资料核对表明,以往有关工程上应用的理论和经验关系有的可信度高,有的似应作改进,特别不能将在时间序列上得到的有关经验数据贸然用在空间序列的表面波上.     

泉州大港湾海水、沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的含量分布

根据1997年7月大港湾海域环境调查资料,着重分析了大港湾海水、表层沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的含量及分布。结果表明：大港湾海水中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn的含量均低于渔业水质标准,大港湾湾顶水域,海水和表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn的含最明显高于湾口水域：湾南部水域高于北部水域。文中还根据《海洋沉积物质量》、《无公害食品》、《食品中锌限量卫生标准》、《海洋生物质量》标准对表层沉积物和6种水产生物的重金属污染程度进行评价,结果大港湾的水产生物体内的重金属含量均未超标,但沉积物中的Cd含量已超标。     

福建兴化湾海水、沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的分析与评价

利用 1 997年 7月的渔业环境监测资料 ,分析了福建省兴化湾海水、表层沉积物及水产生物体内重金属的含量及分布 ,重金属与有机质含量之间的相关关系和水产生物对重金属的富集情况。结果表明 ,兴化湾海水和水产生物体的重金属含量均未超标 ,但大部分沉积物Pb,Zn的含量超标。     

黄海、渤海沉积物中生物硅的测定及存在问题的讨论

硅是水生态系统中构成生物群落的重要元素[1].海洋中硅主要来源于河流输入(4.2±0.8)×1014g/a和热液喷发(1.9
.77;10)×1014g/a[2].另外冰川风化、低温海底玄武岩风化、沉积物的成岩作用和大气沉降亦是其来源之一[3].沉积物中的生物硅又称生物蛋白石(简称蛋白石),指化学方法测定的无定形硅的含量,主要由硅藻、放射虫、硅鞭毛虫和海绵骨针组成.沉积物中蛋白石的积累反映了生产力在时间和空间尺度的变化[4,5].对于生物硅的测定,至今已提出了许多种方法.其中最灵敏、应用最广泛的是化学提取法[6,7].     

二阶导数线性扫描极谱法测定秋茄叶中总黄酮含量

探讨了秋茄叶中黄酮类物质的极谱特性,并进行了含量测定.结果表明,在pH值为9.18的硼砂底液中,以芦丁作对照品,秋茄叶中黄酮类化合物在峰电位Ep为-1 642 mV（vs.SCE）处产生一灵敏的二阶导数极谱波,在芦丁含量不超过1.4 mg/dm3范围内,该极谱波的峰电流（Ip）与芦丁的量之间呈良好的线性关系,据此建立了红树秋茄叶中总黄酮含量的极谱定量测定方法.该方法的检出限为0.02 mg/dm3.用此法测得红树秋茄叶中总黄酮含量为2.04%,回收率为96.4%～100.3%,相对标准偏差为3.19%,此方法灵敏、准确、干扰少.     

Manganese and iron distributions off central California influenced by upwelling and shelf width

In July 2002, a combination of underway mapping and discrete profiles revealed significant along-shore variability in the concentrations of manganese and iron in the vicinity of Monterey Bay, California. Both metals had lower concentrations in surface waters south of Monterey Bay, where the shelf is about 2.5 km wide, than north of Monterey Bay, where the shelf is about 10 km wide. During non-upwelling conditions over the northern broad shelf, dissolvable iron concentrations measured underway in surface waters reached 3.5 nmol L⁻¹ and dissolved manganese reached 25 nmol L⁻¹. In contrast, during non-upwelling conditions over the southern narrow shelf, dissolvable iron concentrations in surface waters were less than 1 nmol L⁻¹ and dissolved manganese concentrations were less than 5 nmol L⁻¹. A pair of vertical profiles at 1000 m water depth collected during an upwelling event showed dissolved manganese concentrations of 10 decreasing to 2 nmol L⁻¹, and dissolvable iron concentrations of 12–20 nmol L⁻¹ in the upper 100 m in the north, compared to 3.5–2 nmol L⁻¹ Mn and 0.6 nmol L⁻¹ Fe in the upper 100 m in the south, suggesting the effect of shelf width influences the chemistry of waters beyond the shelf.These observations are consistent with current understanding of the mechanism of iron supply to coastal upwelling systems: Iron from shelf sediments, predominantly associated with particles greater than 20 μm, is brought to the surface during upwelling conditions. We hypothesize that manganese oxides are brought to the surface with upwelling and are then reduced to dissolved manganese, perhaps by photoreduction, following a lag after upwelling.Greater phytoplankton biomass, primary productivity, and nutrient drawdown were observed over the broad shelf, consistent with the greater supply of iron. Incubation experiments conducted 20 km offshore in both regions, during a period of wind relaxation, confirm the potential of these sites to become limited by iron. There was no additional growth response when copper, manganese or cobalt was added in addition to iron. The growth response of surface water incubated with bottom sediment (4 nmol L⁻¹ dissolvable Fe) was slightly greater than in control incubations, but less than in the presence of 4 nmol L⁻¹ dissolved iron. This may indicate that dissolvable iron is not as bioavailable as dissolved iron, although the influence of additional inhibitory elements in the sediment cannot be ruled out.     

海蜇中常量和微量元素的同时测定

海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye),钵水母纲,根口水母,广泛分布于我国的沿海近岸,是我国传统渔业生产的主要大型经济水母[1].海蜇的营养十分丰富,除含有蛋白质、脂肪酸和维生素外,还含有大量的矿物质[2].海蜇的药用价值在我国早有记录[3],在韩国海蜇被作为减肥和美容的食品,而澳大利亚的土族人则用干海蜇粉治疗烫伤[4].近代研究表明海蜇有治疗高血压、慢性气管炎、哮喘、胃溃疡和单纯性甲状腺肿大的作用[5].美国Auburn大学的研究小组报道:Stomolophus meleagris水母的胶原质对实验鼠抗原引起的关节炎有一定的抑制作用[6].     

Selenium in sediments, pore waters and benthic infauna of Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia

Measurements of selenium in sediments and benthic infauna of Lake Macquarie, an estuary on the east coast of Australia, indicate that sediments are a significant source of selenium in the lake's food web. Analysis of surficial sediment samples indicated higher selenium concentrations near what are believed to be the main industrial sources of selenium to the lake: a smelter and a power station. Sediment cores taken from sediments in Mannering Bay, near a power station at Vales Point, contained an average of 12 times more selenium in surficial sections than sediment cores from Nord's Wharf, a part of the lake remote from direct inputs of selenium. The highest selenium concentration found in Mannering Bay sediments (17.2 μg/g) was 69 times the apparent background concentration at Nord's Wharf (0.25 μg/g). Pore water concentrations in Mannering Bay were also high, up to 5 μg/l compared to those at Nord's Wharf which were below detection limits (0.2 μg/l). Selenium concentrations in muscle tissues of three benthic-feeding fish species (Mugil cephalus, Platycephalus fuscus, Acanthopagrus australis) were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with surficial sediment selenium concentration. Selenium concentrations in polychaetes and molluscs of Mannering Bay were up to 58 times higher than those from Nord's Wharf. Two benthic organisms, the eunicid polychaete Marphysa sanguinea and the bivalve mollusc Spisula trigonella, were maintained at different densities in selenium-spiked sediments. Both animals accumulated selenium from the spiked sediment, confirming that bioaccumulation from contaminated sediments occurs. Collectively, these data suggest that benthic food webs are important sources of selenium to the fish of Lake Macquarie.     

Simultaneous determination of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen in seawater by high temperature catalytic oxidation: conditions for precise shipboard measurements

Appropriate conditions have been achieved for the accurate, rapid, and highly precise shipboard simultaneous determination of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen in seawater by high temperature catalytic oxidation. A nitrogen-specific Antek 705D chemiluminescence detector and a CO₂-specific LiCor Li6252 IRGA have been coupled in-series with a Shimadzu TOC-5000 organic carbon analyser. Precision of both simultaneous measurements is ≤1.5%, i.e. ±1 μmol C l⁻¹ and ±0.3 μmol N l⁻¹, respectively. Quality of analysis is not compromised by vibrations associated with ocean going research vessels.     

HPLC法同步检测鲤鱼、对虾中喹乙醇与MQCA残留

建立了一种高效液相色谱法同时检测鲤鱼、对虾肌肉组织中喹乙醇（OLA）及其代谢物3-甲基-喹啉-2-羧酸（MQCA）的残留。采用0.3 mol/L 盐酸提取鲤鱼、对虾中的残留物, C18 固相萃取柱净化, 氮气吹干及流动相定容后, Waters2695 高效液相色谱仪在320 nm（MQCA）和372 nm（QLA）双波...     

Cobalt, manganese, and iron near the Hawaiian Islands: A potential concentrating mechanism for cobalt within a cyclonic eddy and implications for the hybrid-type trace metals

The vertical distributions of cobalt, iron, and manganese in the water column were studied during the E-Flux Program (E-Flux II and III), which focused on the biogeochemistry of cold-core cyclonic eddies that form in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands. During E-Flux II (January 2005) and E-Flux III (March 2005), 17 stations were sampled for cobalt (n=147), all of which demonstrated nutrient-like depletion in surface waters. During E-Flux III, two depth profiles collected from within a mesoscale cold-core eddy, Cyclone Opal, revealed small distinct maxima in cobalt at 100 m depth and a larger inventory of cobalt within the eddy. We hypothesize that this was due to a cobalt concentrating effect within the eddy, where upwelled cobalt was subsequently associated with sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) via biological activity and was released at a depth coincident with nearly complete POC remineralization [Benitez-Nelson, C., Bidigare, R.R., Dickey, T.D., Landry, M.R., Leonard, C.L., Brown, S.L., Nencioli, F., Rii, Y.M., Maiti, K., Becker, J.W., Bibby, T.S., Black, W., Cai, W.J., Carlson, C.A., Chen, F., Kuwahara, V.S., Mahaffey, C., McAndrew, P.M., Quay, P.D., Rappe, M.S., Selph, K.E., Simmons, M.P., Yang, E.J., 2007. Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Science 316, 1017–1020]. There is also evidence for the formation of a correlation between cobalt and soluble reactive phosphorus during E-Flux III relative to the E-Flux II cruise that we suggest is due to increased productivity, implying a minimum threshold of primary production below which cobalt–phosphate coupling does not occur. Dissolved iron was measured in E-Flux II and found in somewhat elevated concentrations (0.5 nM) in surface waters relative to the iron depleted waters of the surrounding Pacific [Fitzwater, S.E., Coale, K.H., Gordon, M.R., Johnson, K.S., Ondrusek, M.E., 1996. Iron deficiency and phytoplankton growth in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 43 (4–6), 995–1015], possibly due to island effects associated with the iron-rich volcanic soil from the Hawaiian Islands and/or anthropogenic inputs. Distinct depth maxima in total dissolved cobalt were observed at 400–600 m depth, suggestive of the release of metals from the shelf area of comparable depth that surrounds these islands.     

离子色谱法同时测定嗜热厌氧菌发酵液中的有机酸与无机阴离子

建立了一种利用离子色谱法同时测定甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、丙酸、丁酸5种有机酸及PO4-3、SO4-2、NO3-、Cl-、F-5种无机阴离子的方法。样品通过过滤、预柱处理后用IonPac AS11柱分离,以自动淋洗液发生器生成的KOH为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,建立了优化的洗脱程序。用抑制型电导检测器检测有机酸的相对标准偏差为0.73%~1.01%,加标回收率为88.1%~100.2%;无机阴离子的平均相对标准偏差为2.03%,加标回收率为92.6%~101.1%,该方法可用于嗜热厌氧菌发酵液中低分子的有机酸和无机阴离子的同时测定。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定翅碱蓬中四种黄酮化合物的含量

建立RP-HPLC(反相高效液相色谱法)同时测定翅碱蓬中四种黄酮化合物-芸香苷、槲皮素3-β-D-葡萄糖苷、水仙苷和槲皮素的含量。采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm),检测波长为361nm,柱温为30℃,流动相为甲醇-0.4%冰乙酸(55︰45),流速1.0mL/min,四种黄酮类化合物得到很好的分离。芸香苷、槲皮素3-β-D-葡萄糖苷、水仙苷和槲皮素浓度均为0.001～0.01 mg/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数R2在0.999 0～0.999 6,加标回收率(n=3)范围为82.39%～99.03%。该方法简单、快速、高效,可以用于翅碱蓬中四种黄酮化合物的含量分析。     

饲料中添加锌对牙鲆生长和生化指标的影响

含锌３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础饲料中,分别加入锌０,１５,３０,５０,８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲喂初重为３０．８５～３４．８５ｇ的牙鲆幼鱼１个月。结果表明,饲料中添加锌,鱼的增重率、肝脏锌含量、肠粘膜碱性磷酸酶活性都高于不添加组;且有随添加量加大而增加的趋势。当添加锌８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,此３项指标达到最大,分别为１１２．７％,４３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８．２８Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白质。但添加锌没有影响鱼的成活率和肌肉锌含量。此结果说明,添加锌对牙鲆鱼苗具有促生长作用。建议在牙鲆的实用饲料中,锌添加量应大于８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锌的总含量应在１１９．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上。