基于耦合驱动蛇形机器人机构设计与抬起的方法

文中设计了模块化的新型蛇形机器人关节单元．该单元具有三个自由度，其中摆动和俯仰自由度由耦合机构驱动来获得较大的力矩和活动空间．由该单元组成的蛇形机器人具有很强的驱动能力，能够抬起较多的单元．针对蛇形机器人的特点，给出了耦合机构的设计原则．对蛇形机器人抬起方法作了分析，得出采用适当规划方法能够抬起的最大单元数量是直接抬起的最大单元数量的平方关系的结论，并在此基础上分析了最大关节角对机器人抬起的影响，最后结合实例验证了上面分析结果．     

钢丝绳传动机器人运动学的支路分析方法

通过研究分析一类[N+1]条钢丝绳驱动[N]个自由度机器人的运动学,其运动学可通过推导移去钢丝绳后开环链机器人关节空间与笛卡尔空间之间的运动学关系和关节空间与驱动空间之间的运动学关系来完成。在基本回路、共轴条件和传动线运动学分析的基础上,提出了用支路矩阵和等效半径矩阵描述钢丝绳传动机器人运动学的支路分析方法。根据钢丝绳传动原理,通过观察法可直接列写支路矩阵和驱动空间等效半径矩阵,从而得到了驱动空间与关节空间之间的运动学映射关系,解耦了由于钢丝绳传动导致机器人关节间的运动耦合。结合传统机器人运动学,实现了驱动空间、关节空间和笛卡尔空间完整运动学映射关系,加快和简化了钢丝绳传动机器人运动学建模和分析过程。以Stanford/JPL手指为例进行了运动学分析和仿真,验证了用支路矩阵和等效半径矩阵描述钢丝绳传动机器人运动学支路分析方法的正确性,为钢丝绳传动机构的设计、运动学分析与控制奠定了基础。     

柔索驱动三自由度球面并联机构运动学与静力学研究

柔索驱动并联机器人采用柔索代替连杆作为机器人的驱动元件,它结合了并联结构和 柔索驱动的优点．文章提出了一种新型带有约束机构的并联柔索驱动机器人，采用四根柔索 驱动．由于约束机构的引入，机器人可实现在空间的三维转动．介绍柔索驱动并联机器 人的机构构型，给出了位姿逆解，建立了静力平衡方程和运动学方程，讨论了柔索拉力的确 定方法．研究结果证明在加入了约束机构后，柔索机器人可以实现更多的运动形式，这就为 更广泛的应用柔索驱动成为可能．     

基于可变关节数的模块化两栖仿生机器人转弯控制

概述了一种具有模块化结构的两栖仿生机器人设计,结合其关节数可变和主从轮式驱动的特点,给出 了任意关节数偏转转弯的地面转弯控制方法,并推导了其最小转弯半径．针对多关节两栖机器人的转弯推进方式, 利用ADAMS 下的运动学模型进行了仿真验证,给出了相应的仿真结果．同时,平衡性分析进一步表明了关节转弯 推进方式在当前两栖机器人样机上的适用性．实验结果表明了该转弯方法的有效性,它能够满足机器人的地面运动 需求．     

用于丝驱动连续体机器人的实用运动学研究

针对单段及多段连续体机器人运动学问题,提出分段常曲率与粒子群算法相结合的完整正逆运动学分析方法.以双段丝驱动连续体机器人为研究对象,首先设计含平移段的机器人样机;然后利用分段常曲率方法建立驱动空间与关节空间的相互映射,根据齐次变换得到关节空间至工作空间的正映射关系;最后利用线性递减权重粒子群算法实现工作空间至关节空间的逆映射.对双段连续体机器人的运动学进行仿真及逆运动学求解耗时测试,并在研制样机上进行了实验验证.仿真结果说明了所提运动学研究方法的合理性及逆运动学求解的快速性,实验结果显示位置平均误差小于双段连续体机器人本体长度的6.22％,验证了所提运动学的有效性.     

一种混合驱动柔索并联仿生眼的轨迹规划

在与眼球运动相关的解剖学和运动学的基础上,设计了一种符合Listing定理的基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的3自由度机器人仿生眼.通过矢量封闭方法建立了逆运动学模型,求解出柔索并联机器人的雅可比矩阵和结构矩阵.利用达朗贝尔定理建立柔索并联机器人的力矩平衡方程组,采用广义逆矩阵的相关理论,以柔索张力矢量的2范数最小为目标进行张力优化.用蒙特卡洛方法计算出仿生眼球可达工作空间.最后,在Simulink环境下进行仿真,规划运动轨迹并得到柔索并联机器人运动特性的仿真结果,证明了本文设计的机构符合Listing定理.结果表明:基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的机器人仿生眼结构合理,数学模型正确.     

连续软体机器人的结构范型与形态复现

为提出连续软体机器人的设计与分析通用理论,根据当前连续软体机器人的运动特征和细长软体生物纵肌结构抽象出通用的结构范型（GSP）,并由此建立了连续软体机器人在驱动空间、构型空间和任务空间中的一般运动学．针对这类机器人在构型空间中灵活运动或操作的需求,提出一种细长软体机器人对任意目标曲线的形态复现算法,并采用离散Fréchet距离评价形态复现的相似性．通过仿真和实验,以形状记忆合金（SMA）弹簧驱动的双软体模块机器人为例验证了结构范型与一般运动学的正确性．此外,以仿生运动曲线等为目标曲线,以组合案例分析曲线形状、关节数量和关节参数对复现效果的影响．结果表明,软体单元模块数量越多或其最大弯曲角越大,形态复现的相似性越高．     

连续型机器人运动学仿真和操控系统设计

为了适应越来越复杂的非结构化环境,设计了一种基于球铰链连接和柔性支撑杆结合的线驱动连续型机械臂,并基于常曲率模型的假设建立连续型机器人的运动学模型,研究连续型机器人驱动映射关系,利用MATLAB进行运动学和驱动映射的仿真,仿真结果表明连续型机器人的空间优越性。搭建三关节连续型机器人样机平台,基于连续型机器人的特点设计末端关节跟随手柄操作模式,并在样机平台上实验验证,实验结果表明了运动学模型和驱动映射关系的合理性和正确性以及操控方式的可行性。     

一种9-DOF模块化机器人的运动学反解

本文针对德国AMTEC公司生产的一种9-DOF模块化机器人提出了一种新颖的运动学反解 方法．这种方法运用螺旋理论并通过分析机器人的结构特征将机器人分解成几个相对解耦的 子结构,通过给系统增加三个约束,可以得出在给定末端位姿下的全部关节角．由于模块化 机器人理论上可以组合成任何形式上的机器人系统,所以这种解法对其它机器人系统有一定 的借鉴意义．     

含有未驱动关节的空间机器人控制

含有未驱动关节的自由潭浮空间机器人具有不可积分的速度和加速度约束，因而是一个二阶非完整系统，通过分析系统的动力学结构，本文设计了一种全 基于速度控制的方法控制未驱动关节，然后采用多步混合控制策略实现空间机器人的定位跟踪。     

Design,analysis and control of a winding hybrid-driven cable parallel manipulator

This paper is related to the design, analysis and control of a winding hybrid-driven cable parallel manipulator (WHCPM). The WHCPM has the advantages of both cable parallel manipulator and hybrid-driven planar five-bar mechanism. Design of the WHCPM is explained, and the structure static analysis is carried out by using finite element method. Dynamics and payload capability of the WHCPM are studied. The WHCPM prototype is built for precision tracking experiments. To evaluate the manipulator design, the dynamic control compensation is performed on the basis of the conventional PID controller and the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller. The simulated and experimental results are reported and the tracking performance of the WHCPM is significantly improved by applying the proposed control technique in comparison with the performance when applying the conventional PID controller.     

Kinematics analysis of a hybrid manipulator for computer controlled ultra-precision freeform polishing

As one of the final processing steps of precision machining, polishing process is a very key decision for surface quality. This paper presents a novel hybrid manipulator for computer controlled ultra-precision (CCUP) freeform polishing. The hybrid manipulator is composed of a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel module, a two DOF serial module and a turntable providing a redundant DOF. The parallel module gives the workpiece three translations without rotations. The serial module holds the polishing tool and gives it no translations on the polishing contact area due to its particular mechanical design. A detailed kinematics model is established for analyzing the kinematics of the parallel module and the serial module, respectively. For the parallel module, the inverse kinematics, the forward kinematics, the Jacobian matrix, the workspace and the dexterity distribution are analyzed systematically. Workspaces are also investigated for varying structural parameters. For the serial module, the inverse kinematics, the forward kinematics, the workspace and the precession motion analysis are carried out. An example of saddle surface finishing with this manipulator is given and the movement of actuators with respect to this shape is analyzed theoretically. These analysis results illustrate that the proposed hybrid manipulator is a very suitable machine structure for CCUP freeform polishing.     

Integrated Mechanism Design and Control for Completely Restrained Hybrid-Driven Based Cable Parallel Manipulators

This paper deals with a methodology of simultaneous optimal design of mechanism and control for completely restrained hybrid-driven based cable parallel manipulators (HDCPM) in order to improve the dynamic performance of the HDCPM system. The HDCPM have the advantages of both the cable parallel manipulator and the hybrid-driven planar five-bar mechanism (HDPM). Kinematics and dynamics of the HDCPM are studied based on closed loop vector, geometric characteristic of mechanism and Lagrange method separately. Following that the integrated optimization model is established based on mechanics analysis and optimum control performance, and a genetic algorithm is used to carry out the optimization solution. As an example, separated optimization design and integrated optimization design for the completely restrained HDCPM with 3 Degrees of Freedom are comparatively investigated on the basis of the above design objectives. Simulation results illustrate that the dynamic performance of the HDCPM system can be significantly improved after integrated optimization design.     

考虑关节柔性的绳驱动空中机械臂关节空间鲁棒控制

空中机械臂在外部环境交互作业方面表现出很强的研究和应用价值,但当前系统位姿控制性能较弱、负载能力不足以及续航时间短的问题严重制约其作业能力的提升.鉴于此,设计一种带有绳驱动机械臂的新型空中机械臂系统,并将引入绳驱动机制带来的柔性效应等价到关节处,建立考虑关节柔性的刚柔耦合动力学模型.首先,针对系统在集总干扰下的关节空间轨迹跟踪控制,采用线性扩张状态观测器对集总干扰进行估计和补偿,并采用超螺旋算子和分数阶非奇异终端滑模以保证系统在到达阶段和滑模阶段均有较好的控制性能;然后,在Lyapunov稳定性框架下验证所设计控制器的稳定性;最后,通过可视化仿真和地面实验对所设计控制器的有效性进行验证.实验结果表明,所设计的鲁棒控制器比其他两种现有的控制器具有更快的响应速度、更强的抗干扰能力以及更高的跟踪精度,能够满足绳驱动空中机械臂的控制需求.     

Kinematic Analysis of a Macro–Micro Redundantly Actuated Parallel Manipulator

In this paper the kinematic and Jacobian analysis of a macro–micro parallel manipulator is studied in detail. The manipulator architecture is a simplified planar version adopted from the structure of the Large Adaptive Reflector (LAR), the Canadian design of the next generation of giant radio telescopes. This structure is composed of two parallel and redundantly actuated manipulators at the macro and micro level, which both are cable-driven. Inverse and forward kinematic analysis of this structure is presented in this paper. Furthermore, the Jacobian matrices of the manipulator at the macro and micro level are derived, and a thorough singularity and sensitivity analysis of the system is presented. The kinematic and Jacobian analysis of the macro–micro structure is extremely important to optimally design the geometry and characteristics of the LAR structure. The optimal location of the base and moving platform attachment points in both macro and micro manipulators, singularity avoidance of the system in nominal and extreme maneuvers, and geometries that result in high dexterity measures in the design are among the few characteristics that can be further investigated from the results reported in this paper. Furthermore, the availability of the extra degrees of freedom in a macro–micro structure can result in higher dexterity provided that this redundancy is properly utilized. In this paper, this redundancy is used to generate an optimal trajectory for the macro–micro manipulator, in which the Jacobian matrices derived in this analysis are used in a quadratic programming approach to minimize performance indices like minimal micro manipulator motion or singularity avoidance criterion.     

Task-based optimization of reconfigurable robot manipulators

Reconfigurable Manipulators are structurally redundant robots that utilize a subset of their joints to perform a specific task optimally. This paper presents a method of finding a task-based optimal configuration for a new type of reconfigurable robot manipulator, called the modular autonomously reconfigurable serial (MARS) manipulator. The reconfiguration optimization treats the joint space of the MARS manipulator as a 12-dimensional smooth configuration manifold. The manifold is discretized and ranked based on a variety of criteria, and then clustered into attractive and repellent regions. The user then specifies which regions are desired in the target configuration, and the manifold is reduced in dimension in order to maximize the number of attractive regions and minimize the number of repellent regions. Six manipulator configurations are synthesized using this approach, and their effectiveness is compared.     

Adaptive Robust Control via a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer for Cable-driven Aerial Manipulators

International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems - This article proposes a novel robust control scheme for the trajectory tracking control of a cable-driven aerial manipulator in joint...     

模块化超冗余度空间机械臂的设计与实验

针对空间在轨服务任务需求设计了一种9自由度的模块化超冗余空间机械臂。该机械臂由9个相同的机械臂关节构成,其关节数量可根据任务要求进行调整。模块化关节采用一体化设计,关节内部合理地布置了机械传动部分与电气部分。基于改进的Bi-RRT算法和建立的机械臂的正逆运动学模型,机械臂进行了穿越复杂障碍环境的仿真和实验,实验结果表明该机械臂可以灵活地穿越障碍环境。基于阻抗控制算法,分别采用该机械臂进行了写字实验和恒力保持实验,实验结果表明机械臂具有良好的力控制能力。实验验证了该机械臂具备在复杂空间环境中执行在轨服务的能力。     

Kinematic Design and Analysis of a 7 Degree-of-Freedom Dual-Stage Inspection Manipulator for Dexterous Subsea Applications

This paper describes the design of a 7 degree-of-freedom (d.o.f) manipulator for underwater inspection applications. The functional requirements of an underwater manipulator for subsea inspection are discussed and the desired performance requirements identified. The inspection process of a weld joint using a manipulator is described and the desirable attributes of a 5 d.o.f manipulator for the inspection process established. A novel kinematic structure, for Underwater Robotic Vehicle (URV) operation, having a 2 d.o.f launching stages and a 5 d.o.f inspection stage is proposed for the manipulator. This configuration increases the dexterity, without compromising on the total reach of the manipulator. The kinematic structure of the 7 d.o.f, 2 stage, manipulator is presented. A hybrid power actuation is proposed for the manipulator to exploit the benefits of both hydraulic as well as electric actuators. Kinematic analysis of the manipulator is presented. The link dimensions of the inspection stage manipulator is done on the basis of kinematic performance indices of the manipulator. The novel kinematic structure and the hybrid power actuation strategy results in a power efficient, dexterous manipulator for underwater applications.