TC6钛合金加热和冷却过程中的相转变研究

熔渗技术是制备CuW合金的有效方法,有效控制铜液熔渗过程对获得组织性能优异的CuW合金非常有意义.针对铜液在结构形貌复杂的骨架孔隙中的熔渗过程进行模拟和分析.讨论了二维微观模型下孔隙的形态参数:形状因子、曲折度、孔喉比对铜液充型过程的影响;预测了CuW合金熔渗过程中熔渗速度和界面前沿压力随时间的变化.结果表明:孔隙的均匀性越差,曲折度和孔喉比越大,熔渗时的速率变化越明显;熔渗前沿压力突变也越大.     

熔渗法制备CrW/Cu复合材料的组织与性能研究

采用熔渗法制备了CrW/Cu复合材料,即首先把铬粉和钨粉的混合粉末烧结成骨架,然后把铜液渗入CrW骨架的孔隙中制备CrW/Cu复合材料;研究了气氛、熔渗温度、溶渗时间对CrW/Cu复合材料的显微组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明:真空环境下溶渗法制备的CrW/Cu复合材料组织最致密;当熔渗温度大于1 350℃时,尽管没有达到铬的熔点温度,但W-Cr骨架中的Cr颗粒开始逐步消失,随着熔渗温度的提高或熔渗时间的延长,Cu取代其位置;Cr通过Cu合金液迁移到W骨架的孔隙中,与W形成Cr-W固溶体;材料组织的变化导致材料的硬度明显升高,导电率明显降低.     

制备工艺对铁基粉末冶金气门座圈致密性和性能的影响

采用烧结、熔渗、热处理制备了高性能铁基粉末冶金气门座圈。研究不同工艺对气门座圈的孔隙变化、致密性、显微组织和力学性能的影响,确定气门座圈致密性的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：采用熔渗或提高烧结温度,可使孔隙的形状趋于球化,大大减少孔隙的数量和大小,明显提高气门座圈的致密性。获得气门座圈理想致密性的最佳工艺条件：均匀压入14%~15%（质量分数）的熔渗薄铜片,在1150 ℃下熔渗烧结2 h,然后进行620 ℃高温回火;回火后可得到大量综合性能良好的回火索氏体,明显提高了气门座圈的综合性能     

等离子熔覆CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金相结构及显微组织研究

目的 在普通低碳钢表面制备含难熔金属Mo的CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金熔覆层,研究熔覆层的组织结构及性能。方法 将Co、Cr、Fe、Ni、Mo金属单质粉末按等摩尔比进行配制并混合均匀,利用等离子熔覆法在Q235钢表面制备CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金熔覆层,采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度计对熔覆层的合金成分、相结构、显微组织和硬度进行研究。结果 在等离子熔覆过程中存在元素烧损现象,熔覆层的实际成分为Co1.17Cr0.92Ni1.06Fe0.92Mo0.92(摩尔分数);熔覆层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层主要由FCC相组成,同时夹杂少量富Mo、Cr的σ相;熔覆层显微组织为树枝晶,枝晶内为固溶多种元素的FCC相,枝晶间是由FCC相和富Mo、Cr的σ相组成的共晶组织。高熵合金物相形成规律较为复杂,其相结构不能仅由热力学参数来预判,仍需要实验结果的验证。由于Mo元素的固溶强化及σ相的沉淀强化,使得熔覆层的硬度明显提高,表面硬度约为485HV。结论 利用等离子熔覆法,在Q235钢表面成功制备了含难熔金属Mo的CoCrFeNiMo高熵合金熔覆层,显著提高了CoCrFeNi高熵合金的硬度。     

功能梯度金属陶瓷的制备与性能

采用熔渗/氮化复合处理技术对TiC-TiN基、WC基金属陶瓷进行了高温高压熔渗/氮化处理,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等分析技术对其显微组织、成分及结构进行了分析.结果表明：经过高温高压熔渗/氮化处理,WC-Co金属陶瓷未形成梯度结构;WC-TiC-Co金属陶瓷表面形成了TiN,但是从材料表面向内部的成分过渡存在明显的界面;TiC-TiN基金属陶瓷由表面到心部形成了梯度结构,其硬度自表面向心部呈现高-低-高的变化趋势, 该金属陶瓷表面主要形成了Ti（C0.3N0.7）.     

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织和性能研究的进展

高熵合金涂层性能优异,在航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用。综述了激光熔覆高熵合金涂层研究的新进展,包括激光熔覆工艺参数、合金成分、退火、超声表面滚压和超声冲击强化等。研究发现：影响激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织和性能的工艺参数为激光功率、扫描速率、激光能量密度、送粉电压和氧气流量等;对组织和性能有影响的合金成分为Cu、Nb、Co、Cr、Mo、Ti、W等;退火、超声表面滚压和超声冲击处理也对涂层组织和性能有影响。     

高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层研究进展

高硼铁基合金是一种原位生成硼化物硬质相的铁基耐磨材料,具有高硬度、良好的高温稳定性以及低成本的优势,近年来受到了广泛的研究,国内外大量研究通过对硼化物形态进行调控,以达到抑制裂纹以及提高耐磨性能的目的。从材料体系和熔覆层制备技术2大方面系统地综述了高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层近年来的研究进展。首先重点介绍了Fe–B–C、Fe–B–Cr–C、Fe–B–Cr–Mo–C等3种常见的高硼铁基材料体系,详细阐述了各体系合金成分与原位生成硼化物硬质相类型、形态、分布间的相互作用规律,并给出各体系硼化物随成分含量变化的显微形貌图。归纳总结了成分设计及热处理工艺对合金组织演变及耐磨性能的影响,并分析了其他元素对高硼铁基合金组织性能的影响。其次,介绍了高硼铁基耐磨熔覆层制备技术,包括等离子熔覆、激光熔覆、电子束熔覆与氩弧熔覆,分析了如复合热源和外加磁场等可行的熔覆技术改进方法,并讨论了制备工艺对熔覆层的影响。最后对高硼铁基材料未来的研究及应用方向进行了展望。     

添加15％Mo对反应熔渗Al制备MoSi2复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用在常规模压生坯中浸渗Al的方法,研究了MoSi2+Mo反应熔渗Al后的显微组织和力学性能的变化情况.研究表明MoSi2坯体在1350℃反应浸渗Al可使抗弯强度高达737 MPa,其断裂韧性也可达到4.3 MPa·m1/2,远远高于热压单相材料;然而其相成分中存在残余的Si相和Al相将会阻碍其高温应用;在MoSi2坯体中加入Mo粉可以消除残余硅相;经过计算,当Mo添加量为15%(质量分数,下同)时,可以完全消除Si相,并使Al相达到最低,而其强度并不降低.同时SEM观察表明,添加15%Mo后其断口显示晶粒间絮状夹层变成颗粒状黑色相面积较未加入Mo粉时减小.从而进一步证实添加15%Mo产生的组织变化将有利于该材料的高温力学性能.     

高速钢氧氮共渗与渗氮后氧化的组织与性能比较

采用金相分析、显微硬度测试和防锈性湿热试验等方法对比研究了W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢经氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理的组织与性能.结果表明,W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢经氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理都可获得具有化合物层和扩散层的渗层组织;氧氮共渗层的硬度明显高于普通气体渗氮,而渗氮后氧化的渗层硬度与普通气体渗氮相差不大;在选择合适通空气量和后氧化温度的条件下,氧氮共渗和渗氮后氧化处理都可获得优于普通气体渗氮的防锈性能,其中以30%(vol.)空气量氧氮共渗试样表面的防锈性能最好,其次是渗氮 350 ℃后氧化处理的试样.     

铸轧辊套表面超高速激光熔覆钴基熔覆层高温耐磨性能

为了提高铸轧辊辊套的使用寿命,采用超高速激光熔覆技术在32Cr3Mo1V铸轧辊辊套表面制备了钴基熔覆层.分析了熔覆层的表面形貌、显微组织及高温摩擦磨损性能,并与优选常规激光熔覆层进行了对比. 结果表明,优选的超高速以及常规激光熔覆层均表面平整,与基体结合良好,无明显裂纹、气孔等缺陷. 超高速激光熔覆层显微组织非常均匀细小,枝晶轴间距极小,很大程度上抑制了枝晶偏析的范围,使得熔覆层的元素分布更加均匀. 在700 ℃高温摩擦磨损试验中,超高速激光熔覆层产生的氧化物磨屑更小,更容易发生团聚效应,有利于釉质层的形成,熔覆层变形量更小,对釉质层进行了有效支撑,出现大面积具有减摩耐磨作用的釉质层,表现出优异的耐高温摩擦磨损性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.