舰船辐射噪声特征线谱提取方法研究

线谱是船舶辐射噪声中重要的特征信息,为舰船的检测识别和方位跟踪提供了依据。采用Welch算法和CZT变换联合处理舰船的辐射噪声信号能够有效的提取线谱。Welch法在估计功率谱时可以有效减小方差和偏差,这有利于从宽带噪声谱中提取主要的窄带谱;CZT变换可以对窄带谱进行精确分析,提高频率的分辨力,因此这两者的结合有利于从舰船噪声中提取线谱。根据对仿真信号和某实船的辐射噪声信号的分析结果,表明该方法原理简单,能够精确地提取特征线谱,另外利用所提取的船只的特征线谱,还可以对船的航迹进行跟踪。     

一种地震子波提取的高阶累积量方法

提出1种在频率域实现地震子波提取的高阶累积量方法.其是先提取子波的相位谱再求解时间域的子波.理论上可适用于提取除零相位子波以外的任何形式的子波,但应用不同长度的时窗提取子波的效果会有很大的差别,实际应用时可利用时窗长度扫描的方法,以不同的子波相位谱对地震记录进行子波零相位化处理,最后根据最大方差模准则确定最佳子波.理论模型实验和实际资料处理实验均表明了该方法对最小相位及混合相位子波都有较好的处理效果.     

一种改进的随机起伏海面的仿真方法

根据线性滤波器模型的基本原理,提出了一种改进的基于高阶滤波器的随机起伏海面仿真方法.利用Pierson的半经验海浪谱模型,得到了各种不同风速条件下海面随机起伏的仿真结果,并且对仿真结果进行了比较和讨论,结果表明,利用高阶滤波器方法能更加准确地仿真不同风速下的实际海面、更好地再现随机起伏海面的海浪谱特征.这一方法的提出为海浪的物理模拟实验提供了更为准确的数值计算方法,也为研究目标与海面共存条件下高频地波雷达信号的回波特性提供了更好的数值仿真平台.     

希尔伯特-黄变换在微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号中的检测

为了在海洋环境中准确获取鱼类在摄食、产卵和争斗过程中发出的短促、瞬时的信号,采用希尔伯特-黄变换算法实现微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号的检测。该算法首先将瞬态鱼声信号实现固有模态信号的分解,其次将经验值高阶阶数的固有模态信号求和重构即可实现信号能量幅度检测;在固有模态信号的分解的基础上,计算求和重构信号的希尔伯特能量谱,即可实现瞬时能量密度级的检测。通过不同信噪比和检测器的比较研究,结果表明基于希尔伯特-黄变换算法的两种检测方法能有效提高微弱被动瞬态鱼声信号的检测性能。     

基于高阶累积量的自适应波束形成

常规波束形成器仅限于利用信号的二阶统计特性。作者采用高阶累积量估计期望信号的导向矢量 (Steering Vector) ,实现了一种基于高阶累积量的自适应波束形成器 (HCAB)。该波束形成器利用信号的更高阶统计特性 ,减少了对阵列流型的依赖 ,具有较好的容差性 ,能自动跟踪信号。数值模拟实验表明该波束形成器工作良好。     

磁异常检测方法研究现状及发展趋势

作为一种被动检测目标的方法,磁异常检测方法凭借其隐蔽性能好和抗干扰能力强的优势受到广泛的关注,磁异常检测方法不断涌现,应用范围也不断扩展。从信号特征选取的角度综述了2类磁异常检测方法的原理,详细阐述了以 OBF(标准正交基)、MED(最小熵)、HOC(高阶过零)3 种检测方法为代表的磁异常检测方法研究现状,分析了接下来的研究方向,为磁异常检测研究提供参考。     

高阶谱在矢量声信号特征提取中的应用

在利用矢量水听器对潜艇模型辐射噪声测量和分析的基础上,为了对目标螺旋桨的线谱进行有效识别,使用可抑制加性高斯噪声的高阶谱(1 1/2维谱及互双谱的对角切片)对潜艇模型辐射噪声进行了研究。结果表明:高阶谱不仅可以抑制加性高斯噪声,提高线谱的分辨率,而且利用声压与振速联合进行信息处理的互双谱的对角切片可以明显增强基频分量。     

海浪谱高阶谱矩的计算

分析了海浪谱高阶谱矩不存在的原因。在Ｇｌａｚｍａｎ研究结果的基础上计算了目前工程上常用的ＰＭ谱和ＪＯＮＳＷＡＰ谱的０阶到８阶的谱矩值,以方便实际工程的应用。     

基于高阶累积量的简正波声场匹配场定位效果分析

由于传统情况,匹配场处理器主要针对接收信号为高斯信号,而海洋环境中存在大量的有色噪声,因此设计基于高阶累积量的匹配场处理器具有一定价值。本文介绍了一种在海洋声层析环境下用高阶累积量来降低匹配场处理中高斯有色噪声的算法,对比研究了基于高阶累积量的简正波声场匹配场处理器、传统线性匹配场处理器、自适应匹配场处理器及二阶MUSIC算法匹配场处理器在相同声场环境条件下的匹配场定位效果。研究结果表明,在不考虑参数失配与计算量前提下,接收信号经过基于高阶累积量的简正波声场匹配场处理器后再进行匹配场定位,能有效降低旁瓣,且使用高阶累积量可显著消除海洋传播环境中高斯有色噪声和高斯白噪声对信号的干扰,其匹配效果优于另外三种匹配场处理器。     

舰船噪声DEMON线谱的机器自动识别与轴频提取研究

DEMON 谱提取对于舰船目标识别有重要作用。研究了舰船噪声调制与解调原理,采用绝对值检波法提取 DEMON 谱,然后采用自动线谱识别与提取方法提取线谱序列,采用最大公约数法求线谱序列的基频,它是螺旋桨旋转的轴频。从实测舰船噪声数据中自动提取了 DEMON 谱,并得出其轴频,表明分析方法是有效的。     

Effects of high-order nonlinear interactions on unidirectional wave trains

Numerical simulations of gravity waves with high-order nonlinearities in two-dimensional domain are performed by using the pseudo spectral method. High-order nonlinearities more than third order excite apparently chaotic evolutions of the Fourier energy in deep water random waves. The high-order nonlinearities increase kurtosis, wave height distribution and H_max/H_1/3 in deep water and decrease these wave statistics in shallow water. Moreover, they can generate a single extreme high wave with an outstanding crest height in deep water. High-order nonlinearities (more than third order) can be regarded as one cause of freak waves in deep water.     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Multichannel moment detectors for transients in shallow-water noise

This paper presents an evaluation of second, third, and fourth-order moments for the passive detection of transient signals in both simulated Gaussian noise and measured noise. The measured noise was recorded by a vertical array located near the San Diego, CA, harbor and is dominated at low frequencies by ship-generated noise. The detectors assume neither noise nor signal stationarity and can use single or multiple channels of data. Simulation results indicate that the fourth-order moment detector often performs better than the energy detector in the correlated measured noise, with increasing channel contributions to the moment function, resulting in increased gain. The results in simulated Gaussian noise likewise favor the fourth-order moment detector, at least for the signals with significant fourth-order moments, but the ability of the higher order detector to discriminate against correlated noise is evident. Analysis over a 30-min segment of the measured noise with selected signals demonstrates that fourth-order detection gains can be reliably expected as the noise statistics change.     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

Abstract

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-wavelet-convolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L₂ norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Optimal and Near-Optimal Signal Detection in Snapping Shrimp Dominated Ambient Noise

The optimal detection of signals requires detailed knowledge of the noise statistics. In many applications, the assumption of Gaussian noise allows the use of the linear correlator (LC), which is known to be optimal in these circumstances. However, the performance of the LC is poor in warm shallow waters where snapping shrimp noise dominates in the range 2-300 kHz. Since snapping shrimp noise consists of a large number of individual transients, its statistics are highly non-Gaussian. We show that the noise statistics can be described accurately by the symmetric alpha-stable family of probability distributions. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and locally optimal detectors based on the detailed knowledge of the noise probability distribution are shown to demonstrate enhanced performance. We also establish that the sign correlator, which is a nonparametric detector, performs better than the LC in snapping shrimp noise. Although the performance of the sign correlator is slightly inferior to that of the ML detector, it is very simple to implement and does not require detailed knowledge of the noise statistics. This makes it an attractive compromise between the simple LC and the complex ML detector     

Extension of high-order harmonics and generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in the chirped laser field

This paper theoretically investigates the high-order harmonic generation cutoff extension using intense few-cycle linearly chirped laser pulses. It shows that the cutoff of the harmonic can be extended remarkably by optimising the chirping parameters. The time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonics with different chirping parameters are analysed by means of wavelet transform of the dipole acceleration. It also gives out the classical three-step model pictures of electron. By superposing a properly selected range of the harmonic spectrum, it obtains an isolated 65as pulse.     

A multi-scale high-order recursive filter approach for the sea ice concentration analysis

With the development and deployment of observation systems in the ocean, more precise passive and active microwave data are becoming available for the weather forecasting and the climate monitoring. Due to the complicated variability of the sea ice concentration(SIC) in the marginal ice zone and the scarcity of high-precision sea ice data, how to use less data to accurately reconstruct the sea ice field has become an urgent problem to be solved. A reconstruction method for gridding observations ...     

Compound compensation strategies for wireless data communicationsover the multimodal acoustic ocean waveguide

Underwater acoustic communications (UAC) at the reverberation-limited range results in severely distorted information signals. Wide-band signals are subject to both intermodal and intramodal-type of dispersions. The underwater acoustic channel impulse response and the sidelobes strongly depend on the waveguide structure and the source and receiver positions. The motion and displacement from this position, as well as other environmental variabilities impose a real-time adaptivity for the receiver operation to keep track of the fluctuations. To increase the system's reliability and data rate, there is a need to employ adaptive equalizers and diversity techniques to improve the margins against noise, and intersymbol interference (ISI). Blind adaptive equalization (BAE) is the ideal adaptive compensation when operating point-to-multipoint networks, and centralized communication systems in general. Inherent optimum multiple resonant modes within the ocean acoustic waveguide can be exploited judiciously via a new proposed parallel data multicarrier modulation (MCM) scheme by sending data over the multiple subcarriers. MCM might eventually obviate equalization which introduces higher-order computational complexity to the receiver. The above modulation eliminates multipaths and allows operation at multiples of the single-carrier transmission rate. The system's immunity to distortions such as ISI, fast fades, and impulsive noises, is increased due to incorporation of symbol guard space. Direct comparisons with single carrier schemes (such as higher-order statistics (HOS)-based equalization) are of great interest, since the proposed new receiver configuration has low-complexity to provide a compact, portable and low-power practical acoustic modem. Finally, network topology issues are considered to determine optimum network architectures for underwater acoustic LANs. A central topology (CT) supported by BAE and MCM transmission is proposed     

Asymptotic detection performance of discrete power and higher-order spectra estimates

Several detection statistics are compared in the frequency domain based on the asymptotic probability of detection (APD) criterion. They include second-order, fourth-order, normalized fourth-order, and kurtosis estimates. The results show that for randomly occurring signals which can be characterized as non-Gaussian, the fourth-order, normalized fourth-order, and kurtosis estimates can have higher asymptotic probability of detection levels compared with second-order estimates. But only for the normalized fourth-order and kurtosis estimates do the results seem significant. Moreover, if a second-order estimate of the noise is available to normalize a fourth-order estimate of signal and noise, the resultant normalized fourth-order estimate has higher asymptotic probability of detection levels even for Gaussian signals. This result holds only when there is a significant positive covariance between the numerator and the normalizing noise sample in the denominator. On the other hand, if an independent noise sample is used to normalize a second-order or fourth-order estimate, the overall performance based on the asymptotic probability of detection will be degraded compared with the unnormalized second-order or fourth-order estimates, respectively.