以石油渣油为原料制备多孔炭

以石油渣油为原料,分别采取传统的水蒸气活化和类模板法制备多孔炭材料,并采用氮吸附、XRD和SEM等分析手段对得到的多孔炭进行了表征。结果表明,水蒸气活化制备的多孔炭以微孔为主,且随着活化时间的增加,比表面积增大,炭收率减小。而类模板法制备的多孔炭以中孔为主,且随着MgO/渣油配比值的增加,其比表面积随之增大,炭收率变化不大。     

以石油渣油制备的活性炭对模拟燃油的脱硫性能研究

以石油渣油为原料，采取化学活化法和类模板法制备了活性炭材料，并将其用于模拟燃油的吸附脱硫研究。采用高效液相色谱仪分析测量了模拟汽油中的硫含量。结果表明，与以类模板法制备的活性炭相比，以石油渣油为原料通过化学活化法制备的活性炭因微孔丰富和微孔孔容大，对模拟燃油中的含硫化合物二苯并噻吩具有更大的吸附容量和更高的脱硫率。     

以石油渣油制备的活性炭对模拟燃油的脱硫性能研究

以石油渣油为原料,采取化学活化法和类模板法制备了活性炭材料,并将其用于模拟燃油的吸附脱硫研究。采用高效液相色谱仪分析测量了模拟汽油中的硫含量。结果表明,与以类模板法制备的活性炭相比,以石油渣油为原料通过化学活化法制备的活性炭因微孔丰富和微孔孔容大,对模拟燃油中的含硫化合物二苯并噻吩具有更大的吸附容量和更高的脱硫率。     

石油沥青制备中间相沥青

研究了以兰化产石油沥青为原料制备中间相沥青的反应条件。借助红外分析探讨了反应时间、,反应温度对制备中间相沥青反应历 影响,确定了较为合适的反应条件：1）反应温度在370-380℃范围较合适;2）若反应在相对较低的 度370℃下进行,反应时间应26小时以上;3）若反应在380℃下进行,反应时间应为8－16小时。     

石油沥青制备中间相沥青

研究了以兰化产石油沥青为原料制备中间相沥青的反应条件。借助红外分析探讨了反应时间、反应温度对制备中间相沥青反应历程的影响 ,确定了较为合适的反应条件 :1)反应温度在 370 - 380℃范围较合适 ;2 )若反应在相对较低的温度 370℃下进行 ,反应时间应在 2 6小时以上 ;3)若反应在 380℃下进行 ,反应时间应为 8- 16小时     

沙特流化催化裂化渣油超临界萃取馏分及残渣的中间相转化行为

沙特流化催化裂化渣油超临界萃取馏分在自升压４２０℃下聚合７小时，残渣在常压氮气保护３５０℃下聚合１小时。聚合产物在热台偏光显微镜下观察中间相转化行为。渣油残渣由于含有残余催化剂等固体杂质而使生成的中间相呈细镶嵌结构。超临界萃取馏分则由于固体不溶物被脱除，分子组成被改变，从而使体系的流动性能得到明显改善，生成了具有典型流线型结构的大域形中间相     

石油系新型炭材料的研发现状和发展趋势

主要介绍了几种石油系新型炭材料 ,如中间相沥青、中间相沥青炭微球、碳纤维及其复合材料、针状焦、活性炭的研发现状和发展趋势 ,并对独山子石化公司生产的几种石油沥青、石油渣油进行了组成分析比较 ,对石油系渣油制备新型炭材料的可能性进行了分析     

土壤中总石油烃测定——3种前处理方法的对比

文章通过设计试验,分别采用振荡提取法,超声波提取法和快速溶剂萃取法对土壤中总石油烃进行前处理。通过提取率试验,结果表明,快速溶剂萃取法的提取效率最高。通过对快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中总石油烃进一步实验条件优化,得出丙酮:二氯甲烷为1:1(体积比)时,对土壤中总石油烃的提取效率优于丙酮:二氯甲烷为1:1(体积比)时,并且采用丙酮:正己烷为1:1(体积比)溶液浸提时循环萃取两次即可达到最大提取效率。     

石油地质研究中的特征及规律探讨

对于石油地质勘探而言,对石油地质特征及其规律的研究是确保石油勘探顺利进行的前提保障,而分析石油地质研究中的特征及规律,有助于进一步了解我国石油天然气分布特征与分布规律之间的联系,并为石油地质勘探提供理论依据,对我国进行石油开采工作具有重要意义。本文从石油地质研究中的特征及规律的区别与联系人手,进一步提出了解和认知石油地质研究中地质规律的有效途径。     

石油钻机井架可靠性研究

本文分析了井架结构抗力及荷载效应随机变量的分布类型及统计参数,得到了井架可靠性指标的计算方程,提出了石油钻机井架可靠性算法的计算流程,为基于可靠性标准的我国井架结构设计和评定提供理论基础。     

石油焦基活性炭制备工艺对其吸附性能及孔结构的影响

我国石油焦资源丰富,尤其高硫石油焦应用受到限制,用其生产活性炭前景广阔。但石油焦孔隙率低,直接活化性能很差,通过预炭化、成型、配入辅助物,可以大大改善活性炭吸附性能。通过在金山石油焦中配入少量的太西无烟煤后,在560℃下炭化,经过810℃活化7h,所得活性炭的碘值为855.38mg/g,亚甲蓝值为104.90mg/g。用BET法计算了总比表面积,用BJH法计算了中孔比表面积、比孔容的孔径分布等。     

Optimization of carbonization conditions for needle coke production from a low-sulphur petroleum vacuum residue

The optimum carbonization conditions for converting a low-sulphur petroleum vacuum residue in a tube bomb in terms of pressure and temperature into better needle coke of low CTE, with less production of poor bottom coke, were studied by observation of the resultant cokes and sequential analyses of carbonization intermediates by means of solvent fractionation and gas evolution. Carbonization at 460°C under 15 kg cm^–2 G produced the best needle coke. The quality of the resultant needle coke was strongly influenced by viscosity changes of the system, the solidification range and gas evolution in the carbonization progress. The first two characteristics reflect the rates of condensation (such as QI formation) and devolatilization of soluble fractions, strongly influencing the growth of anisotropic units. The last characteristic reflects the pyrolytic cracking reaction to define the timing of gas evolution during carbonization, influencing the axial orientation of anisotropic texture as well as the porosity in the resultant coke. Both profiles varied very much, depending on the carbonization temperature. Finally, the formation of a bottom coke of fine mosaic texture is discussed from the viewpoint of the co-carbonization concept.     

Catalytic ozonation of p-chlorobenzoic acid by activated carbon and nickel supported activated carbon prepared from petroleum coke

The aim of this research was to investigate catalytic activity of petroleum coke, activated carbon (AC) prepared from this material, Ni supported catalyst on activated carbon (Ni/AC) in the ozonation of aqueous phase p-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA). Activated carbon and Ni/AC catalyst were characterized by XRD and SEM. The presence of petroleum coke did not improve the degradation of p-CBA compared to ozonation alone, but it was advantageous for p-CBA mineralization (total organic carbon, TOC, reduction), indicating the generation of highly oxidant species (*OH) in the medium. The presence of either activated carbon or Ni/AC considerably improves TOC removal during p-CBA ozonation. Ni/AC catalyst shows the better catalytic activity and stability based on five repeated tests during p-CBA ozonation. During the ozonation (50 mg/h ozone flow rate) of a 10 mg/L p-CBA (pH 4.31), it can be more mineralized in the presence of Ni/AC catalyst (5.0 g/L), TOC removal rate is over 60% in 60 min, 43% using activated carbon as catalyst, only 30% with ozonation alone.     

HClO4氧化对石油焦基活性炭超级电容器性能的影响

采用HClO4对石油焦进行氧化改性,按照碱碳比为3∶1的比例将改性石油焦活化成活性炭,产物标记为OAC-3.作为对比,按照碱碳比4∶1将石油焦活化成活性炭,产物标记为AC-4.采用XRD、I2吸附、N2吸附和循环伏安研究HClO4氧化对石油焦结构和产物活性炭性能的影响.结果表明,HClO4氧化将石油焦石墨微晶d(002)晶面层间距由0.344nm提高到0.353nm,同时将晶粒粒径由2.34nm减小到1.75nm.AC-4和OAC-3的比表面积分别为2 929和3 058m2/g,在0.5 mV/s的扫描速率下,其比电容分别为361.3和392.7 F/g;基于OAC-3的超级电容器具有更好的功率特性.     

重质渣油沥青树脂的耐热性

利用纯芳烃原料和重质渣油研制的沥青树脂具有优良的耐热性。从C C键的离解能来看,沥青树脂的热裂解温度较高。通过测定溶解度、软化点及沥青树脂的固化,考察了实验室合成的沥青树脂各阶段的基本物理性能以及C阶沥青树脂的耐热性,初步探讨了耐热性与分子结构之间的相关性。结果表明B阶树脂具有良好的溶解性;苯甲醛(BA)系B阶沥青树脂硬化成C阶沥青树脂的温度较高,C阶沥青树脂的收率亦高;C阶沥青树脂具有较优异的耐热性,特别是高温阶段的耐热性优于聚酰亚胺。     

Characterization study and recovery of copper from low grade copper ore through hydrometallurgical route

Characterization studies were conducted on low grade copper ore with the aid of standard approaches. The Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) study specifies the semi-quantitative data of qualitatively analyzed chemical elements present in the ore sample. Optical Microscopy (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) endorse the presence of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and pyrites along with other different mineral phases in the ore sample. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Mossbauer spectroscopy studies confirm the formation of CuO and Fe₂O₃ after roasting at 700 °C. The better copper recovery from low grade copper ore was achieved through optimized leaching parameters. It was found that the particle size of ?63+53 µm can be leached up to 94.96 % of copper using a lixiviant reagent mixture (30 vol. % hydrogen peroxide and 0.5 M sulfuric acid) under magnetic stirring for 30 min at a constant speed of 300 rpm, by keeping the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio at 20/2 ml/g. Moreover, the solvent extraction process works well with the pregnant leach solution, whereby, 98.9 % of copper extraction is possible, and the loading time is less than a minute. Meanwhile, 93.91 % of overall copper extraction efficiency was achieved through optimized leaching parameters and solvent extraction method.     

石油焦系超级活性炭的孔结构控制

采用KOH活化法从大庆石油焦制得超级活性炭，而后对其进行微孔和中孔的调控。中孔调控采用热处理法，所得超级活性炭的中孔率在85％以上，比表面积大于1500m^2／g。同时对热处理后的超级活性炭进行表面硝酸氧化，引入部分含氧官能团。60min酸处理效果明显，羧基的增加量是20min酸处理的9倍。处理后的超级活性炭更适合作催化剂载体。微孔的控制采用化学气相炭沉积法（以苯为碳源），所得超级活性炭的微孔率从51％增加到87％。对CO2和CH4的分离能力从30mg／g提升到47mg／g，具有良好的筛分效果。     

Recycling of solvent used in a solvent extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soil

The application of water washing technology for recycling an organic composite solvent consisting of hexane and pentane (4:1; TU-A solvent) was investigated for extracting total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from contaminated soil. The effects of water volume, water temperature, washing time and initial concentration of solvent were evaluated using orthogonal experiments followed by single factor experiments. Our results showed that the water volume was a statistically significant factor influencing greatly the water washing efficiency. Although less important, the other three factors have all increased the efficacy of water washing treatment. Based on a treatment of 20 g of contaminated soil with a TPH concentration of 140 mg g(-1), optimal conditions were found to be at 40°C, 100 mL water, 5 min washing time and 660 mg g(-1) solvent. Semi-continuous water extraction method showed that the concentration of the composite solvent TU-A was reduced below 15 mg g(-1) d.w. soil with a recovery extraction efficiency >97%. This finding suggests that water washing is a promising technology for recycling solvent used in TPH extraction from contaminated soils.     

Our calibrated model has poor predictive value: An example from the petroleum industry

It is often assumed that once a model has been calibrated to measurements then it will have some level of predictive capability, although this may be limited. If the model does not have predictive capability then the assumption is that the model needs to be improved in some way.Using an example from the petroleum industry, we show that cases can exit where calibrated models have limited predictive capability. This occurs even when there is no modelling error present. It is also shown that the introduction of a small modelling error can make it impossible to obtain any models with useful predictive capability.We have been unable to find ways of identifying which calibrated models will have some predictive capacity and those which will not.     

Removal of excess fluoride from water using waste residue from alum manufacturing process

The ability of waste residue, generated from alum manufacturing process, to remove fluoride ion from water has been investigated. Series of batch adsorption experiments were carried out to assess parameters that influence the adsorption process. The factors investigated include the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, thermal pretreatment of the adsorbent, neutralization of the adsorbent, initial fluoride concentration, pH of the solution and effect of co-existing anions. Results showed that Adsorption of fluoride is fairly rapid in first 5min and thereafter increases slowly to reach the equilibrium in about 1h. The removal efficiency of fluoride was increased with adsorbent dosage. About 85% removal efficiency was obtained within 1h at an optimum adsorbent dose of 16g/L for initial fluoride concentration of 10mg/L. Heat treatment and surface neutralization of the adsorbent did not improve the fluoride removal capacity and efficiency. The amount of fluoride adsorbed increased with increasing initial fluoride concentration. The percentage of fluoride removal remains nearly constant within the pH range of 3-8. The adsorption data at ambient pH were well fitted to the Dubinin-Radushkevick (D-R) isotherm model with a capacity of 332.5mg/g of the adsorbent. The adsorption kinetic was found to follow a pseudo-second-order rate equation with an average rate constant of 2.25gmin(-1)mg(-1). The presence of bicarbonate at higher concentrations (100-500mg/L) decreased the fluoride removal efficiency while other anions (chloride, sulfate, phosphate and nitrate) have no significant effect within the concentration range tested. The overall result shows that the waste residue is efficient defluoridating material.