下位法射频消融房室结慢径路致完全性房室传导阻滞

下位法射频消融房室结慢径路致完全性房室传导阻滞卢才义刘宣力郗晓红田赫华黄丛春毛树森房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）是房室结存在着传导速度和不应期不同的两条径路，即快径路和慢径路［１～３］。由于慢径路是这一折返环的关键部位，而且在窦性心律下其激动并不...     

射频消融房室结改良术中一过性高度房室传导阻滞的预后意义

194例房室结内折返性心动过速患者行漫径的射频消融居室结改良术。8例术中出现一过性高度房室传导阻滞（A组），另186例则无房室传导阻滞出现（B组）。两组间射频能量无差异。随访期间（4～58个月）无一例有晚发的永久性完全性房室传导阻滞发生。提示术中一过性高度房室传导阻滞不能预测晚发的永久性完全性房室传导阻滞的发生。     

射频消融引起单向性房室传导阻滞1例

射频消融 (ＲＦＣＡ)治疗房室结折返性心动过速 (ＡＶＮＲＴ)已广泛应用于临床 ,如果在消融慢径时损伤了快径 ,可导致三度房室传导阻滞 (三度ＡＶＢ) ,现报告 1例ＲＦＣＡ引起的单向性房室传导阻滞。患者男 ,48岁。阵发性心动过速史 14年 ,临床及实验室检查未发现心脏器质性改变。食管心房调搏 :以Ｓ1 Ｓ1 5 40ｍｓ,Ｓ1 Ｓ2 40 0ｍｓ,步长 - 10ｍｓ程控反扫描 ,当Ｓ1 Ｓ2 3 5 0ｍｓ时 ,Ｓ2 Ｒ2 由160ｍｓ跃增至 2 80ｍｓ,相差 12 0ｍｓ,房室传导曲线跳跃中断 ,无室上性心动过速 (ＰＳＶＴ)发作 ,再以Ｓ1 Ｓ2 Ｓ3程扫 ,当Ｓ2 Ｓ32 80ｍｓ时 ,…     

射频消融房室结慢径后迟发性房室传导阻滞一例

患者女,43岁,因房室结折返性心动过速共行3次房室结慢径射频消融,术后9 h发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞;第2～6天由Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞逐渐转为P波10∶1,6∶2,3∶1,4∶2下传心室;第7～10天患者休息时P波1∶1下传心室;第11天休息和体力活动时P波均1∶1下传心室,房室传导功能恢复。     

射频导管消融改良房室结术中发生一过性完全性房室传导阻滞的预后意义

目的：探讨射频导管消融改良房室结术中发生一过性完全性房室传导阻滞（ＴＣＡＶＢ）的预后意义。方法：对５６例房室结折返性心动过速病人行射频导管消融治疗。在射频导管消融术中发生ＴＣＡＶＢ者为Ｉ组（ｎ＝６），无ＴＣＡＶＢ者为Ｉ组（ｎ＝５０）。用ｔ检验和χ２检验对所有指标进行统计学分析。结果：两组的平均放电次数、释放能量、放电时间及Ａ／Ｖ比值均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），但消融电极位置偏高者Ｉ组占６６．７％，Ｉ组占１２．０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在随访期间，Ｉ组２例（３３．３％）发生迟发性房室传导阻滞，Ｉ组则无迟发性房室传导阻滞发生（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：射频导管消融术中出现的ＴＣＡＶＢ与术后发生的迟发性房室传导阻滞密切相关。     

射频导管消融后迟发性房室传导阻滞2例

例1 患者男性,46岁.因反复阵发性室上性心动过速入院行射频导管消融术.采用成都锦江通用电子仪器厂产LEAD-200A型电生理仪和HL-750型射频消融仪.术中电生理检查以冠状静脉窦电极作程序刺激,出现跳跃现象,快径路不应期340ms,慢径路不应期250ms,并诱发出阵发性室上性心动过速,诊断为房室结双径路.电视透视下,A-V间期以冠状静脉窦口处最近,术中置入大头电极于右心房,于冠状静脉窦口至三尖瓣环口间偏上小A波大V波处行射频导管消融,功率20W.消融7s后房室交接区心律及窦性心律交替出现.消融120s后,     

导管射频消融右心房心内膜建立心房间传导阻滞猪模型

目的:探讨经心内膜导管射频消融损伤心房间通路系统建立心房间传导阻滞(interatrial block,IAB)模型的可行性。方法:对8只实验猪在三维电解剖标测系统指引下,沿右心耳前壁与心房连接处的心房侧(右心房前壁)进行射频消融,再沿右心耳后壁与心房连接处的心房侧(右心房房间隔侧)进行射频消融,记录体表心电图和腔内电图变化,3个月后对消融线径进行组织学检查。结果:8只猪未发生手术相关并发症,5只建模成功。P波宽度从术前的(69±3)ms延长至术后即刻的(116±5)ms和术后3个月的(122±4)ms(与术前相比,P均0.05)。术后3个月右心房消融线径Masson染色可见胶原纤维或网状纤维组织明显增生。结论:可采用导管射频消融右心房心内膜方法建立心房间传导阻滞猪模型,但有一定失败率。     

低能量射频消融慢径治疗房室结折返性心动过速的评估

目的初步探讨射频改良房室结双径路的能量,房室传导阻滞发生率,初步手术成功率和复发率.方法自1998年1月至2000年6月,对20例(女14例,男6例),平均年龄(43.4±17.1)岁频发房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)患者,采用射频消融能量从5W低能量开始,无效则按每5W逐渐递增,限定最大能量为30W进行消融慢径改良房室结功能.结果20例患者全部改良成功,平均释放能量5～30W,平均(17.6±7.2)W,术后平均4～30个月随访,无1例发生房室传导阻滞并发症,其中1例术后2个月复发AVNRT,经再次射频消融慢径改良房室结功能成功.结论采用低能量射频消融改良房室结功能,疗效满意,对减少房室传导阻滞并发症有益.     

射频导管消融改良房室结慢径路的方法学评价

为评价射频导管消融改良房室结慢径路的两种方法,对连续42例房室结内折返性心动过速患者分别采用下位法和后位法进行慢径路改良。结果总成功率97.6％,并发症率2.4％。认为;(1)下位法比后位法明显有效,但发生完全性心脏传导阻滞的危险性亦增加;(2)建议对年轻者(如≤55岁)优先采用后位法,对年长者可径用下位法,必要时可在消融电极心电图上保留较小的希氏束电位放电;(3)采用下位法时必须先以消融电极稳定记录到明确的希氏束电位后,再向下弯曲导管,以提高定位慢径路的准确性和减少心脏传导阻滞的发生;(4)放电中出现与窦性心律竞争的房室交接区性心律现象揭示消融有效,而出现房室交接区性心动过速则提示可能发生完全性传导阻滞。     

Halo导管在射频消融右侧房室旁路中的应用

目的　总结 8例射频消融失败或复发的右侧游离壁房室旁路病例 ,应用 Halo导管再次消融成功的经验。　方法　 8例患者 ,2例为复发病例 ,6例为失败病例。电生理检查时根据 Halo导管电极 (环绕在三尖瓣环的心房侧 )在窦性心律和心室 S1 S1 刺激时记录的心内电图初步判定旁路位置 ,然后用大头电极标测消融。　结果　共 9条旁路 (双旁路 1例 ,单旁路 7例 )全部消融成功。Halo导管电极记录最早 V波者 2例 ,最早 A波者 6例 ,大头电极在 H alo导管电极提示最早 A波的电极对的部位均可记录到与之提前度相同或更为提前的成功靶点图。手术时间及 X线曝光时间与对照组比较差异不显著。　结论　在右侧旁路的复发和失败病例的消融过程中 ,放置 H alo导管 ,能够提高成功率 ,减少复发 ,节省标测时间。     

Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node using radiofrequency energy

Background: Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction using stored direct current (DC) energy from a standard DC Cardioverter defibrillator was first reported in 1982. Since then many patients have been treated using this procedure for refractory supraventricular arrhythmias, usually atrial fibrillation and flutter. Undesirable thermal effects such as barotrauma and arcing are largely responsible for complications associated with the use of DC energy. This report details our experience of catheter ablation of the AV junction using radiofrequency (RF) energy in a series of 30 consecutive patients. Methods: RF ablations were performed using steerable Mansfield (Webster Laboratories) 4 mm tipped electrodes and locally assembled RF energy delivery system. Results: The procedure was successful in 27/30 (90%) patients using RF energy, while three patients required DC energy to achieve successful AV junction ablation. General anaesthesia was required in nine patients, six of whom required this for cardioversion to sinus rhythm so that an adequate His Bundle spike could be recorded and three for DC ablation. Dual chamber permanent pacemakers with automatic mode switching were implanted in four patients who had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter and the remainder had ventricular rate responsive pacemakers. Conclusions: In patients with drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter and in patients with established atrial fibrillation where control of the ventricular rate is difficult, catheter ablation of the AV junction using RF energy is a safe and effective procedure with a high success rate.     

左侧斜行旁道心腔内心电图特征及射频导管消融

目的 探讨快速、准确标测左侧斜行旁道消融靶点的方法，提高导管消融成功率。方法 对66例AVRT患者在高位右心房刺激、心室刺激或室性期前收缩、诱发室上性心动过速及窦性心律时进行心腔内电生理检查，确定旁道的走行方向，标测心室及心房侧靶点图，记录消融靶点位置及消融时间。结果 发现6例旁道走行方向斜跨二尖瓣环并确定为斜行旁道，经主动脉逆行法最终全部消融成功，部分病例耗时较长。结论 如果冠状窦标测电极(CS)记录到的最早逆行心房激动点和最早顺传心室激动点不在同一记录直线上，在排除多旁道后应考虑斜行旁道的可能，同时可判断其斜行程度。最早逆行心房激动点和最早顺传心室激动点分别是心房侧和心室侧的消融靶点。如能标测到旁道电位，成功率更高。对于隐匿性左侧旁道，左心室起搏信号s到cs上最早逆传至A波的最短间隔处是很好的消融靶点。     

射频消融房室结慢径术发生房室传导阻滞的探讨

目的 :分析房室结折返性心动过速 （AVNRT）患者射频消融术 （RFCA）术中、术后发生房室传导阻滞 （AVB）与靶点选择的关系 ,以探讨选择消融靶点的安全性。方法 :选取 AVNRT患者 97（男 34,女 6 3）例 ,在窦性心律下行RFCA,每次放电前多导生理记录仪记录靶点图 ,放电时观察并用多导生理记录仪记录体表心电图及腔内电生理图 ,分析靶点选择与 AVB发生的关系。结果 :在靠近冠状窦口电极的 C区消融时 ,AVB发生率低 ,而在靠近希氏束电极的 A区消融时 ,AVB发生率高 ;靶电图中出现 His时 AVB发生率高 ;靶电图中 His波振幅高者 ,AVB发生率高 ;A/ V比值 <1时 AVB发生率低。结论 :尽量避免在 A区消融 ,RFCA中靶点图呈小 A大 V,不出现 His波均是避免发生 AVB的关键。     

Induction of transient third degree atrioventricular block during radiofrequency catheter ablation in a patient with ventricular tachycardia and remote myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency catheter ablation has been demonstrated to bean effective and safe therapy in patients with so-called idiopathicventricular tachycardia, whereas the benefit/risk profile forablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronicmyocardial infarction and severely compromised left ventricularfunction still needs to be determined. The present report describesthe unintended induction of transient third-degree atrioventricularblock in a patient with remote myocardial infarction who underwentradiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endocardial catheter mapping and radiofrequency ablation wereperformed in a 57-year-old patient with chronic recurrent ventriculartachycardia, who had previously suffered from anterior and posteriorwall myocardial infarction. Additionally, the patient presentedwith complete right bundle branch block during sinus rhythm.Radiofrequency energy applied to a critical site of the reentranttachycardia at the left ventricular basal septum during sinusrhythm induced third-degree atrioventricular block after 20s of current delivery, which lasted for 24 h. At this site,a presumable left bundle branch potential was recorded duringsinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency current application for ablation of ventriculartachycardia may induce third-degree atrioventricular block inpatients with remote myocardial infarction. When current isdelivered to target sites at the left ventricular basal septum,radiofrequency energy should be applied during sinus rhythmto allow continuous monitoring of atrioventricular conduction.Special caution should be given to patients with right bundlebranch block during sinus rhythm.     

Delayed injury of autonomic nerve induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation

Objective

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is the curative treatment of choice for many cardiac arrhythmias and may cause myocardial injury and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. This study aimed to determine the delayed injury of autonomic nerve after RFCA.

Methods

Spectral analysis of heart rate variation on 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram recordings was carried out in 86 cases (39 women, 47 men; mean age, 42 years; range, 17-67 years) with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 1 hour before and 1 year after successful RFCA (WPW type A = 31; Wolf-Pakinson-White Syndrome type B = 9; atrioventricular [AV] nodal tachycardia = 46; group A: septal accessory pathway + AV nodal tachycardia [n = 52], group B: free wall accessory pathway [n = 34]).

Results

Heart rate variation data (time domain and frequency domain) in group A 1 year after RFCA; including very low frequency; low frequency (LF); high frequency (HF); R-R interval; root mean squared successive difference interval; the percentage of sinus cycles differing from preceding cycle by more than 50 milliseconds (PNN50); and δ very low frequency, δ LF, δ HF, δ root mean squared successive difference interval and δ PNN50 significantly decreased, compared with that before the procedure. LF/HF, SD of all normal-to-normal intervals, and SD of 5-minute average normal-to-normal intervals were not significantly changed after RFCA. Heart rate variation data in group B 1 year after RFCA was not significantly changed, compared with that before the procedure.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency catheter ablation operation in site of septal accessory pathway and AV node slow pathway can cause delayed injury of autonomic nerves. Heart rate variation decrement 1 year after RFCA and persistent inappropriate sinus tachycardia post RFCA resulted from delayed injury of cardiac vagus nerve by radiofrequency current.     

射频消融治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速的体会

目的　讨论射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室经折返性心动过速的体会。方法　 1992年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,应用射频消融术 (RFCA)治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速共 5 2例 ,男 3 0例 ,女 2 2例 ,平均年龄 (8 4± 3 2 )岁 (3 5～15岁 )。全部病例均行食道心房调搏术及心内电生理检查 ,选择消融慢径路。结果　食道心房调搏术S2 R跳跃延长(63 1± 10 3 )ms(5 0～ 110ms) ,心内电生理检查AH跳跃延长 (5 2 4± 15 8)ms(3 0～ 10 5ms)。总消融成功率 97 6% ,输出功率 (18 2± 3 2 )W ,放电次数 (12 1± 4 2 )次 ,手术时间(1 5± 0 5 )h ,X线曝光时间 (18 5± 5 4)min。结论　射频消融术治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速是安全、有效的 ,但应严格掌握适应证     

磁导航系统在房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融中的应用

目的评价磁导航系统对房室结折返性心动过速导管射频消融的指导作用。方法将经过心内电生理检查确诊的房室结折返性心动过速患者随机分为两组,A组采用常规技术和4mm温控导管消融,B组采用磁导航系统和温控磁大头导管消融。两组各入选10例患者,其年龄、性别、心动过速病史和基础心血管疾病具有可比性。比较两组患者如下参数：消融操作时间、患者透视时间、术者透视时间、放电次数、消融能量、成功率、并发症、手术费用。结果两组患者全部一次消融成功,无并发症,术后住院时间相同,随访（7.1±1.4）个月,无心动过速复发。磁导航消融组的操作时间、患者和术者透视时间、放电次数和实际消融能量均明显低于常规消融组,但手术费用高于常规消融组。结论采用磁导航系统指导房室结慢径路导管射频消融能明显缩短消融操作时间及患者和术者的透视时间,减少放电次数,降低实际消融能量。     

多种类型房室结折返性心动过速的电生理特点

目的 探讨多种类型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的电生理特征及消融体会。方法 回顾性分析成功行射频导管消融的113例AVNRT病人的临床和心内电生理资料。结果 113例AVNRT患者中6例存在多种类型AVNRT,其中存在2种、3种和4种类型AVNRT者各占2例,共有8种类型AVNRT;2例存在MAVNP,其余4例DAVNP阳性;均在慢径路区域行射频消融,放电时出现交界性早搏和/或心律,放电次数,功率、时间和X线曝光时间与同期慢-快型AVNRT相似,术后应用阿托品或异丙基肾上腺素未再诱发室上性心动过速,亦无回波,术中和术后均无房室传导阻滞,随访2.0-25.5月,无1例复发。结论 多种类型AVNRT并不少见,中径路既有逆传功能,也具有前传功能,多种类型AVNRT的射频消融类似于慢-快型AVNRT,安全有效。