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象山港海水中营养盐分布与富营养化特征分析 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
根据2005年春季(4~5月)、夏季(6~8月)、秋季(9~10月)共15个航次象山港海域海水营养盐等调查资料,分析了该海域海水中N,P,Si营养盐的分布特征、时空变化及其结构,评价了水质的富营养化状况.结果表明,DIN的平均浓度为0.6581ms/L,3个季节中DIN均以NO3-N浓度为最高,平均值为0.6084 mg/L,占总无机氮92.5%,是象山港中DIN的主要形式;P04-P的平均浓度为0.0314 mg/L,SiO3-Si的平均浓度为1.14 mg/L.研究发现,象山港海水中DIN和PO4-P的浓度分别是24 a前的2.53倍和1.43倍.象山港海域平均Si:P,N:P和Si:N值分别为44.5,54.0,0.94,其中N:P值是24 a前的2.06倍;因此,PO4-P为限制因素.按照营养状态指数值,象山港海域3个季节,不论表、底层海水均处于富营养化状态,港底附近海域富营养化程度高于港湾口,一旦气象条件适宜,从春季到秋季该区域随时都会发生赤潮灾害的可能. 相似文献
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广西钦州湾营养状况季节分析与评价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据2009年1月、4月、8月和11月对钦州湾海域调查结果,分析并评价了该海域营养状况的季节变化。结果表明,钦州湾海域总溶解无机氮(DIN)含量范围在0.023 mg/L~1.750 mg/L,硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)含量范围在0.027 mg/L~3.900 mg/L,磷酸盐(PO4-P)含量范围在0.001 mg/L~0.158 mg/L。NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式,占62%~78%。不同的营养盐季节分布有所差异。DIN季节分布表现为夏季春季秋季冬季;PO4-P季节分布为春季秋季冬季夏季;SiO3-Si季节变化为夏季秋季春季冬季。从营养结构看,与Justic'等提出的营养盐化学计量限制标准比较符合P限制条件,PO4-P可能成为浮游植物生长的潜在限制因子。按照营养状态指数值,钦州湾海域春季、夏季和秋季表层海水处于富营养化状态,钦州湾内湾富营养化程度高,一旦水文气象条件适宜,从春季到秋季该区域随时都会发生赤潮灾害的可能。 相似文献
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依据2013年6、8、10、11月对莱州湾4个航次的调查资料,分析了该海域不同季节溶解无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)平面分布及季节变化特征。结果表明,2013年莱州湾DIN和PO4-P均呈现出较明显的季节差异。其中,夏季受陆源输入显著影响,DIN和PO4-P浓度最高,50%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准;其次为秋季,45%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准,而春季最低,31.25%的站位DIN含量超四类海水水质标准。4个月份PO4-P含量均满足一类海水水质标准。N/P比值总体处于较高水平,表明整个莱州湾海域处于磷限制潜在性富营养(ⅥP)水平。 相似文献
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象山港海域N、P和CODMn的变化趋势及其与富营养化的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据近20多年来(1984~2005)象山港海域海洋环境监测的基础资料,建立象山港海域CODMn、DIN和PO4-P的时间序列,用平均差值法、最小二乘法和自回归滑动平均法3种趋势分析方法,统计检验了该海域CODMn、DIN和的PO4-P的长期变化趋势。并用相关分析和影响因子分析方法,分析了CODMn、DIN和的PO4-P年际波动与富营养化的关系。结果表明:近20多年来象山港海域DIN和PO4-P的年平均浓度长期以来均呈增加的趋势,而CODMn呈降低的趋势;象山港海域富营养状态指数E长期以来一直呈降低的趋势,这与CODMn相同,与DIN和PO4-P的变化趋势相反。CODMn的变化与富营养状态指数E呈显著的正相关,DIN和PO4-P的变化与富营养化状态指数E呈弱的正相关;CODMn,DIN和PO4-P对富营养装态指数E的影响因子分别为6.9822,2.2449和3.3836,CODMn对富营养状态指数E年际变化的贡献程度远大于DIN和PO4-P。当CODMn含量变化幅度较大的时候,海水营养状态指数E的变化不能真实反映海域营养盐的含量变化特征,富营养状态指数E在表征海水富营养化程度时存在一定的局限性,这也揭示了中国第Ⅰ代海水富营养化评价体系存在的问题。 相似文献
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山东三个贝类增养殖区营养盐季节分布及营养盐限制性分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
根据2010年春季、夏季及秋季无棣、牟平及乳山三个贝类增养殖区九个航次的调查资料,分析了表层海水中DIN、PO4-P、COD、N/P值及营养水平的季节变化特征。结果显示:除牟平增养殖区夏、秋季DIN分别超三类及二类海水水质标准外,其它贝类增养殖区水质状况良好,基本符合一类或二类海水水质标准。DIN:无棣增养殖区含量为0.299 mg/L(5月)、0.263 mg/L(8月)及0.270 mg/L(10月),季节性变化不大;牟平增养殖区含量为0.122 mg/L(5月)、0.430 mg/L(8月)及0.364 mg/L(10月),夏秋季明显高于春季;乳山增养殖区含量较低,分别为0.094 mg/L(5月)、0.085 mg/L(8月)及0.164mg/L(10月)。乳山、牟平及无棣的PO4-P含量偏低,分别为0.007 34、0.009 97及0.023 0 mg/L,96%的站位N/P值(原子比)大于16,整个养殖季均呈潜在性P限制营养状态;山东西部增养殖区富营养化程度高于东部,乳山增养殖区营养指数为0.1,属贫营养水平。 相似文献
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根据2012年8月份和11月份对大连湾海水中溶解态营养盐的调查数据,对大连湾海域营养盐分布趋势、营养结构特征及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析,结果表明:无机氮(DIN)和活性硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)含量较历史研究数据明显增高,活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)含量则明显降低,并且8月份PO4-P和SiO3-Si含量均低于11月份,DIN相反;PO4-P、DIN和SiO3-Si的水平分布趋势基本一致,表现为由湾顶向湾口逐渐降低的趋势;PO4-P和NH4-N与温度、pH、化学需氧量(COD)、盐度(S)和表观耗氧量(AOU)均表现出显著的相关性,而NO2-N、SiO3-Si则仅与AOU表现出显著正相关关系;营养盐结构特征分析表明,海域海水中营养要素的主要限制元素为P。 相似文献
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于2003年8月28日对奥运帆船赛场海域海水水质要素进行了现场调查,并以无机态氮(DIN)、无机态磷(PO4-P)、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解氧(DO)为化学指标参数,探讨了该海域的富营养化状况。结果表明,奥运会帆船赛场海域除石油烃外,大部分海域符合国家一类海水水质标准,石油烃平均含量超过国家二类水质标准。该海域调查海区PO4-P、DIN主要受陆源排放影响,特别是浮山湾至石老人沿岸海域含量较高。部分区域已经开始呈现轻微富营养化状态,富营养化状况主要受陆源排放等因素的影响。整体上奥运会帆船赛场海域水质良好,污染较轻。 相似文献
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Paul Ney 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1981,68(12):597-605
Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions. 相似文献
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This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed(for all four combustion tests) for S, As, Cl and Br(R = 0.917-0.999). Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds(e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.). Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically "not significant", i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization. 相似文献
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G. Vollmer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1991,78(12):533-542
In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet. 相似文献
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Kurunthachalam Kannan Simonetta Corsoline Takashi Imagaws Silvano Focardi John P.Giesy 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(3):207-211
我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量. 相似文献
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Vine Edward L. Sathaye Jayant A. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(2):189-216
In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2006,14(17):1557-1558
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