橡胶工厂设计中应用平板网架的一点体会

平板网架可承受集中荷载、非对称荷载，对局部超载、地基沉陷等均有利，特别是抗震效果更突出，是空间钢结构的一种较好型式。本文介绍了平板网架的使用情况，施工安装及安全等问题，还对橡胶厂房屋面结构的不同做法作了技术经济比较。     

探讨钢结构网架屋面施工技术

当前,钢结构网架屋面施工技术在大中型建筑结构中使用比较普遍,独特的施工技术在建筑行业赢得了一片天地。钢结构网架屋面施工技术目前在体育馆建设中使用比较广泛,本文分析广西荔浦体育馆钢结构网架屋面施工技术,旨在加深人们对钢结构网架屋面施工技术的认识。     

某美化亮化圆柱网架结构设计探讨

钢结构由于自重轻,可靠性高,抗震性能好,被广泛应用于工业厂房建筑中,其中尤其以钢网架结构居多,从而导致对钢网架结构美化亮化的需求越来越多。本文以某水泥厂新建熟料库网架的美化亮化为例,针对圆柱网架结构进行了静力分析和动力分析,提出了网架设计时需要注意的问题,为该类型的网架结构设计提供了参考。     

水泥厂大型平板竖向网架结构设计分析*

本文基于某大型高度近40 m的螺栓球网架工程,建立双排支座竖向网架结构、单排支座竖向网架结构和传统墙壁体系平板网架三种网架结构方案,采用3D3S软件进行线弹性和满应力分析,并对比三种方案的自振周期、结构位移以及用钢量。对比分析结果表明：三种方案的结构自振周期相差较小,但双排支座竖向网架结构的整体刚度更优于其他两种方案;双排支座的竖向网架结构相对于单排支座竖向网架结构和传统墙壁体系的平板网架结构稳定性更好、侧向位移更小,而且用钢量也是最低。验证了竖向网架结构在高净空、大跨度、大柱距厂房中应用具有明显的优势。     

单跨高层钢筋混凝土转运站抗震性能分析

为满足工艺功能需求,转运站经常为单跨结构,高度有时会超过24 m,相关规范指出该类结构不宜采用单跨结构。由于抗震冗余度较小,按规范本意宜增设支撑或剪力墙形成双重抗侧力体系,以此提高结构耗能能力,否则应进行充分的抗震性能分析。在案例工程中,采用PKPM软件对单跨高层转运站进行多遇地震作用下的反应谱和弹性时程分析,罕遇地震作用下的动力弹塑性分析以及“中震不屈服”性能化设计,结果表明:单跨高层转运站质量小、周期长、地震作用小,结构在多遇地震作用下弹性层间位移角和罕遇地震作用下弹塑性层间位移角均满足规范要求;在设防地震作用下,薄弱部位的变形满足“轻微损坏”的性能目标;整个结构能实现“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的设防目标,可以不设置支撑或剪力墙。     

大跨结构抗震设计方法的研究

由于许多重要的公共建筑大多采用大跨度空间结构,所以对大跨结构进行科学合理的抗震设计是非常必要的。本文针对大跨度空间结构复杂的动力特性,总结了当前抗震设计方法,并在已有研究成果的基础上对未来大跨度空间结构抗震设计方法进行分析和展望。     

大跨度桁架和网架结构对比分析

大跨度空间结构作为一种新兴的结构型式,凭其跨度大、经济、刚度大等优势已经得到广泛应用。本文首先介绍常见的网架结构与空间桁架结构的特点及其应用现状,其次就空间桁架结构和平板网架结构进行对比研究,以期对今后二者的理论研究及工程应用领域有一定的借鉴意义。     

论某体育馆屋面焊接空心球网架安全性鉴定

本文以某体育馆屋面焊接空心球网架结构的安全性鉴定为例,论证安全性鉴定检测的内容和方法,从而进行安全性分析及验算后,对本建筑物的安全性进行鉴定和评级。     

某项目提高隔震支座一次安装合格率的措施分析

常见的建筑框架结构主要有框架中心支撑结构和偏心支撑结构两种,其主要的应用特点为延展性和抗震性能好,而主要缺点是抗侧刚度性能较差。针对此问题,本文利用文献参考法和案例分析法,以北大培文晋中实验学校项目为例,分析了提高建筑隔震支座一次安装合格的相关措施;同时,基于QC活动,对隔震支座安装施工现状进行分析,分析存在问题的原因,并制定了高效的解决措施,为进一步提高隔震支座一次安装合格率提供了理论参考。     

大型钢结构网架屋面分块吊装技术应用

钢结构作为常见的一种建筑结构类型,伴随着建筑工程技术的进一步发展,钢结构工程在整个工程建设中得到了重要应用。多用于大型公共建筑的屋面,比如:体育馆、厂房、展览馆等。在具体施工中需要采用大型钢结构网架屋面分块吊装技术。本文结合实例探讨了大型钢结构网架屋面分块吊装技术相关问题。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究进展

基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的应用和研究,综述了保温材料的研究现状,从影响保温材料保温性能的三大因素——耐火性能、导热率、吸水率进行具体分析;然后基于聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料的研究现状,概述了聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的优势,并分析了其耐火性能和保温性能,发现聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在保温方面效果显著;聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料保温材料可以应用于外墙外保温构造、内墙内保温构造、屋面工程保温构造。     

钢结构防火保护及防火涂料的选型

钢结构与其它结构形式相比,具有强度高、质量轻、空间大、灵活性好等明显的优势,因而广泛地应用于建筑、桥梁、船舶及采油平台结构等工程中。但由于钢结构耐火极限低,火灾中极易发生倒塌,因此必须进行防火保护。目前普遍使用的保护方法是喷涂防火涂料,以便提高钢结构的耐火极限和使用安全性,延缓其在火灾中强度的降低速度,为灭火救援和人员疏散争取时间。文章通过对钢结构防火涂料的选型研究,为消防部门进行有效的火灾预防提供依据。     

Fire-resistant coatings for roof/ceiling deck timbers

Laboratory tests demonstrated that the intumescence resulting from application of some proprietary flame-retardant paint and coating systems to timber planks could reduce char formation in the planks by as much as 70% during the first 30 min of exposure to ASTM E–19 fire conditions. Applications of these coating systems to the exposed surfaces of planks used in construction of heavy timber building assemblies should increase the fire resistance of these components by at least 30 min. This would represent a significant increase in the fire resistance of heavy timber roof systems and could extend the use of this type of construction system to many of the non-residential buildings for which building code authorities presently require fire resistance ratings greater than 1 h.     

Performance of a light timber‐framed compartment in natural fire subjected to lateral load

A common approach for designing buildings for lateral stability during and post‐fire in New Zealand is to ensure that a fire‐rated structure does not collapse when subjected to a nominal horizontal force. For external walls of residential buildings, which are required to resist a lateral load of 0.5 kPa, it is hypothesised that the adjacent unrated construction could provide sufficient support. A natural fire experiment has been conducted to evaluate the fire performance of a laterally loaded light timber‐framed compartment, with external dimensions of 4.33 m × 3.35 m and a stud height of 2.4 m constructed with a timber truss roof and plasterboard ceiling. During the experiment, the ceiling collapsed at 12 to 13 minutes, and the bottom chord of the roof truss failed in tension after 28 minutes which resulted in the fire‐rated wall losing its lateral stability at 28 minutes. The fire severity experienced in the compartment has been estimated to correspond to an equivalent time of 33‐minute exposure to a standard furnace time‐temperature. It is concluded that there is no need to provide nominal (additional) moment‐resisting fixity at the base of the fire‐rated wall when exposed to the standard fire for no more than 30 minutes.     

钢丝网架瓦形保温屋面板及其抗弯性能研究

村镇传统民居的屋面系统多为坡屋面系统,但传统坡屋面系统施工复杂,安全性较差,保温不足,已不能满足建设新农村的需要,现设计一种新型钢丝网架瓦形保温屋面板来替代传统的坡屋面系统。本文从屋面板的原材料、瓦形、结构出发,选用纤维水泥基材料作为基材,钢丝网架保温复合板作为保温层,采用Abaqus软件根据现有的瓦形建模,设计出鳞形瓦屋面板、波形瓦屋面板和筒形瓦屋面板。对以上三种瓦形屋面板进行模拟抗弯计算,选出具有最优力学性能的瓦形制作钢丝网架瓦形保温屋面板。本研究制作的屋面板尺寸为4 500 mm×835 mm×185 mm,自重为159 kg/m²,传热系数为0.45 W/(m²·K)。通过三点抗弯性能测试,在4 020 mm跨距下,该屋面板所能承受的最大载荷为8.70 kN,实际测试弯矩为8.74 kN·m。基于装配式思想制作的新型钢丝网架瓦形保温屋面板具有优良的力学性能和保温性能,为特色传统村镇坡屋面系统的研究提供参考。     

Operational features and development of a combined design for the roof of a 100-ton electric arc furnace

Conclusions Timings were made on 100-ton electric are furnaces during which the roofs were in the removed state. The temperature of the working surface of the removed roof was measured. It was found that to reduce the depth of cooling in the roof, affecting its resistance, it is necessary to reduce the duration of roof removal from the furnace in the period of fettling, charging, and dressing.A study was made of the deformation of the structure of periclase-chromite annular roofs during the campaign. As a result of measurements of the deformation in the structure carried out across the central axis of the roof, we established a relatively uniform deformation of symmetrically arranged sections in the structure, which confirms the more uniform distribution of stresses in the structure of the annular roof compared with sector-arch designs.A combined annular design was developed and tested, using periclase-chromite and high-alumina bricks. There was an increase in the resistance compared with the periclase-chromite roofs of 20% and a reduction in the consumption of periclase-chromite refractories of about 40%. In this connection the combined design from periclase-chromite and high-alumina bricks for high-tonnage are furnaces at the present time is one of the most effective.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 31–35, August, 1982.     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料烃类火试验研究

钢结构建筑属于循环结构形式,由于钢材耐火性能差,温度超过600℃,材料强度和刚度都显著降低,因此必须对钢结构建筑进行防火保护。超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料逐渐应用到民用建筑钢结构防火保护中,而且GB14907—2002对其耐火性能评价方法有了具体规定,但是对石化烃类火环境下的耐火性能没有提及。本研究依据GB14907—2002的规定,参照UL1709的实验方法,对烃类火下超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的耐火性能进行了测试。根据试验情况主要考察了涂料的发泡倍数,试验结果表明发泡倍数指标可以作为该类涂料的一个参考指标,并且对烃类火下超薄膨胀型防火涂料的施工养护和粘结强度等提出了建议。     

Experimental study of fire compartment with door opening and roof opening

A series of reduced‐scale experimental fires was conducted to study the characteristics of fire induced vent flows in a reduced‐scale post‐flashover fire compartment with a door opening and a roof opening. The fire source was a heptane pool fire near the wall furthest from the door vent. In the study, the roof vent opening area was systematically varied between experiments and the characteristics of vent flows through the door opening are presented as a function of the roof vent opening area. The experimental results show that the mass flow rate of air into the compartment increases linearly as the size of roof vent opening increases. Analytical vent flow calculations based on the hydrostatic pressure difference between two quiescent environments are presented for a post‐flashover fire compartment with both horizontal and vertical openings. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大跨度钢结构建筑的防火保护

大跨度钢结构与其它结构形式相比,具有强度高、自重轻、跨度空间大、灵活好用等明显的优势,因而被广泛地应用于建筑、桥梁、仓库、体育馆及候机厅等工程中。但大跨度钢结构耐火极限低,火灾中极易发生变形倒塌,因此必须进行有效的防火保护。目前普遍使用的保护方法是喷涂防火涂料,以便提高大跨度钢结构的耐火极限和使用安全性,延缓其在火灾中强度的降低速度,为灭火救援和人员疏散争取时间。文章通过对大跨度钢结构防火涂料的类型研究,为消防部门进行有效的火灾预防提供可靠的依据。