二道沟金矿床中的稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对未蚀变流纹岩，蚀变流纹岩和金矿石中稀土元素组成及分布模式的研究，表明岩浆热液与以大气降水为来源的地下水相混合后形成的成矿热液中稀土元素具有富集ＬＲＥ、稀土元素总量低以及Ｅｕ具有明显负异常的特征。     

安徽安庆铜矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了安微安庆铜矿床中矿石、矽卡岩、闪长岩及地层的稀土元素地球化学特征，借以示踪成矿物质来源，并通过模拟平衡热液稀土元素的模型探讨了成矿热液流体的来源。结果表明，安庆矽卡岩型铜矿作用过程中稀土元素有较强的活动性，成矿物质来源于闪长岩体，成矿热液流体来源于闪长质熔体。     

皖南西坑Ag—Pb—Zn矿床烯土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了皖南西坑银多金属矿床中赋矿围岩蓝田组地层、成矿有关的花岗岩、矿石、矿床蚀变岩等地质体的稀土元素化学特征,借以示踪成矿物来源。结果表明,西坑银多金属矿床成矿热液、成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩浆作用,成矿热液和富碳酸盐岩地层水岩反应使蚀变岩相对富集重稀土。     

皖南西坑Ag-Pb-Zn矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

对比研究了皖南西坑银多金属矿床中赋矿围岩蓝田组地层、成矿有关的花岗岩、矿石、矿床蚀变岩等地质体的稀土元素地球化学特征 ,借以示踪成矿物质来源。结果表明 ,西坑银多金属矿床成矿热液、成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩浆作用 ,成矿热液和富碳酸盐岩地层水岩反应使蚀变岩相对富集重稀土。     

河南省董家埝银矿稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义

为研究董家埝银矿稀土元素组成特征及其地质意义,对矿区岩浆岩、地层、构造角砾岩、蚀变岩及银矿石等的稀土元素进行了ICP-MS分析测试。从沉积岩系→片麻岩→构造角砾岩→小河花岗岩→银矿石→蚀变花岗质碎裂岩→闪长岩、辉绿岩,ΣREE逐渐增加,显示了成矿流体对岩浆岩、地层的淋滤改造作用。各类岩矿石的Y/Ho比值均与球粒陨石接近,且在La/Ho-Y/Ho图解上呈近水平分布,表明它们之间具有同源性,存在一定的成因联系。银矿石的稀土元素可分为两组:一组表现为Eu正异常和Ce负异常,反映了原始成矿热液稀土元素特征,指示成矿流体有具相对高温和相对还原的流体特征,且在成矿过程中可能有海水参与;另一组银矿石表现出Eu负异常和Ce负异常,为岩浆热液叠加改造的反映。综合分析认为,董家埝银矿属于中高温裂隙填充型矿床。     

滇西北北衙金多金属矿床稀土元素地球化学

北衙金多金属矿床是三江特提斯成矿域中喜马拉雅期斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床的典型代表。对该矿床钾质斑岩、蚀变斑岩、斑岩型矿石、矽卡岩、矽卡岩矿石、灰岩内热液脉型矿石、蚀变灰岩到灰岩的稀土元素进行了系统的分析测试。结果表明:斑岩型铜金矿石的稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,具Eu弱的负异常,总体继承钾质斑岩体稀土元素特征,成矿流体主要为岩浆热液。矽卡岩稀土配分模式变化较大,可分为三种类型:直线型稀土配分模式、折线型稀土配分模式及平坦型稀土配分模式,其中折线形稀土配分模式呈现Eu正异常。本区矽卡岩属接触交代成因,稀土配分模式的特征与变化特征说明矽卡岩型铁金矿石主要形成于矽卡岩化后期,成矿环境总体上为水-岩比值较大的高温氧化环境。灰岩内热液脉型矿石稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集的右倾型,具Eu正异常,表明热液型矿石形成于较为开放的氧化环境,大气降水与岩浆热液的混合是矿石沉淀的主要机制。北衙金多金属矿床的矿石稀土元素配分曲线变化较大、类型多样,充分显示了成矿流体的多来源和多阶段成矿特征。为北衙矿区成矿作用过程与机制研究提供了稀土元素方面的证据。     

稀土改善锌基合金抗蚀性的实验研究

研究了稀土元素对锌基合金在95℃水蒸汽和NaCl水溶液中抗蚀性的影响。结果表明,稀土元素能明显提高锌基合金的抗蚀能力,而它和钛的复合加入可大幅度提高其抗蚀能力,并可基本上抑制合金在使用过程中的“失效”现象。     

蒙古查干苏布尔加(Tsagaan Suvarga)大型斑岩型铜钼矿床含矿蚀变岩常量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

蒙古Tsagaan Suvarga大型斑岩型铜钼矿床围岩蚀变类型主要有网脉状硅化、泥化、石英-绢云母化、钾硅酸岩化和青盘岩化。从热液成矿中心向外的矿化蚀变分带特征为含铜网脉状硅化蚀变带→含铜泥化带→含铜钼石英-绢云母化带→含铜钼钾硅酸岩化带→青盘岩化带。早期为钾硅酸岩化带,中期为石英-绢云母化和硅化,晚期为泥化带和碳酸盐化(方解石)。含矿蚀变岩明显受不同级次构造-裂隙带控制,北东向和北西向裂隙带可能是斑岩成矿热液体系的运移通道。随着接近循环热液成矿体系的成矿中心和硅化不断增强,REE,LREE和HREE含量降低,轻和重稀土元素之间分异程度增强;轻和重稀土元素之间分异程度与硅化-钾硅酸盐化之间关系具有指数关系。随着(Na2O K2O)含量逐渐增高,从负Eu异常→无Eu异常→正Eu异常→明显正Eu异常,说明Eu异常受循环热液成矿体系的碱交代程度控制明显,因此,正Eu异常、轻和重稀土元素之间分异程度明显及其相关围岩蚀变特征是寻找与蒙古Tsagaan Suvarga斑岩型铜钼矿床类似的找矿预测指标。     

可见-近红外光谱法鉴定热液蚀变矿物种类及相对含量

采用可见-近红外光谱法鉴定热液蚀变矿物种类及相对含量。介绍了热液蚀变矿物的可见-近红外光谱吸收特征,采用可见-近红外光谱法和X射线衍射法对热液蚀变矿物样品进行分析。结果表明:可见-近红外光谱法在热液蚀变矿物种类鉴定方面与X射线衍射法分析方法结果比较接近。     

莲花山斑岩钨矿床的成矿机理

本文根据包裹体、稳定同位素、矿床矿物学及微量元素等研究资料,探讨了莲花山斑岩钨矿床的成矿机理。矿化蚀变作用的温度为650°—150℃,表明它们经历了晚期岩浆至岩浆期后中温热液阶段的演化。成矿深度是浅深至近地表条件。成矿流体的fO_2,fS_2及pH是:logfO_2=—26——42,logfS_2=—17——7,pH=4.5—7.5。钨铁矿形成时,成矿流体的fO_2和pH是:logfO_2=—26——31,pH=4.5—5。白钨矿、硫化物形成时,成矿流体的fO_2和pH是:logfO_2=—38——42,pH=7—7.5。     

黔西南卡林型金矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

分析了黔西南地区板其、、丫他及戈塘等卡林型金矿床的(La/Yb)N、(La/Sm)N、∑REE及LREE/HREE等稀土元素的含量及参数特征.结果表明,该区金矿床相对富集LREE;该区戈塘金矿具有明显的MREE富集及正Eu异常的特点,表明成矿热液应该是一种还原性流体,来源于深部或至少经历过对富含斜长石源区的水-岩反应矿...     

北阿尔泰火山岩形成机制的稀土判别

研究了北阿尔泰地区泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素特征,并应用稀土判据探讨了区内火山岩的形成机制。稀土元素与常量元素相关关系显示,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显,其形成机制可能为部分熔融作用。多种稀土元素联合协变关系的研究进一步表明,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的形成机制为部分熔融作用。同时也显示区内泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。     

Use of chelating resins and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of trace and major elements in small volumes of saline water samples

For some saline environments (e.g. deeply percolating groundwater, interstitial water in marine sediments, water sample collected after several steps of fractionation) the volume of water sample available is limited. A technique is presented which enables simultaneous determination of major and trace elements after preconcentration of only 60 mL sample on chelating resins. Chelex-100 and Chelamine were used for the preconcentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Yb) from saline water before their measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention of the major elements (Na, Ca, Mg) by the Chelamine resin was lower than by Chelex; this enabled their direct measurement in the solution after passage through the resin column. For trace metal recoveries both resins yield the same mass balance. Only Chelex resin enabled the quantitative recovery of rare earth elements. The major elements, trace metals and rare earth elements cannot be measured after passage through one resin only. The protocol proposes the initial use of Chelamine for measurement of trace and major elements and then passage the same sample through the Chelex resin for determination of the rare earth elements. The detection limit ranged from 1 to 12 pg mL(-1). At concentrations of 1 ng mL(-1) of trace metals and REE spiked in coastal water the precision for 10 replicates was in the range of 0.3-3.4% (RSD). The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing two standard reference waters, SLRS-3 and CASS-3.     

Use of chelating resins and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of trace and major elements in small volumes of saline water samples

For some saline environments (e.g. deeply percolating groundwater, interstitial water in marine sediments, water sample collected after several steps of fractionation) the volume of water sample available is limited. A technique is presented which enables simultaneous determination of major and trace elements after preconcentration of only 60 mL sample on chelating resins. Chelex-100 and Chelamine were used for the preconcentration of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sc) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Yb) from saline water before their measurement by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Retention of the major elements (Na, Ca, Mg) by the Chelamine resin was lower than by Chelex; this enabled their direct measurement in the solution after passage through the resin column. For trace metal recoveries both resins yield the same mass balance. Only Chelex resin enabled the quantitative recovery of rare earth elements. The major elements, trace metals and rare earth elements cannot be measured after passage through one resin only. The protocol proposes the initial use of Chelamine for measurement of trace and major elements and then passage the same sample through the Chelex resin for determination of the rare earth elements. The detection limit ranged from 1 to 12 pg mL^–1. At concentrations of 1 ng mL^–1 of trace metals and REE spiked in coastal water the precision for 10 replicates was in the range of 0.3–3.4% (RSD). The accuracy of the method was demonstrated by analyzing two standard reference waters, SLRS-3 and CASS-3.     

Synthesis of Fluoro-Contained Bisazo Chromotropic Acid Derivants and studies on Their Color Reactions with Rare Earth Elements

In this paper, a series of f1uoro-contained bisazo chromotropic acid derivants has been designed and synthesized. They are easily soluble in water, alcohol and acetone but insoluble in benzene, ether and chloroform. Some regularities of the effects of their molecular structure on the color reaction have also been studied. The result shows that in this series of reagents, DCF-chlorophosphonazo and DBF-chlorophosphonazo are excellent color reagents for the determination of the total amount of rare earth elements. The molar absor-ptivities of light and heavy rare earth elements are approach to each other. The tolerant quantity of Bi (Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) , Sn(Ⅳ) are larger than that of the other arsenazo or chlorophosphonazo type of color reagents. We also discover that p-fluorochlorophosphonazo can form β-type complexes with heavy rare earth elements, and p -fluoro-carboxyazo with light rare earth elements. If the reaction time is controlled, p -fluoro-carboxyao can form β-type complex only with La, and the     

郯庐断裂带鲁皖段新生代玄武岩形成机制的稀土判别

根据郯庐断裂带鲁皖段早第三纪、中新世以及更新世玄武岩的稀土元素特征的研究，应用稀土判据探讨了区内玄武岩的形成机制。稀土元素和常量元素的相关关系显示，郯庐断裂带新生代3个阶段玄武岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显，其形成机制应该为上地幔部分熔融作用。通过多种稀土元素联合协变关系也同样反映了这些玄武岩的形成机制为上地幔部分熔融作用，同时也显示区内新生代玄武岩的稀土元素特征继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。这一结论与区内Sr，Nd同位素研究的结果相吻合。     

A General Route to Hollow Mesoporous Rare‐Earth Silicate Nanospheres as a Catalyst Support

Hollow mesoporous structures have recently aroused intense research interest owing to their unique structural features. Herein, an effective and precisely controlled synthesis of hollow rare‐earth silicate spheres with mesoporous shells is reported for the first time, produced by a simple hydrothermal method, using silica spheres as the silica precursors. The as‐prepared hollow rare‐earth silicate spheres have large specific surface area, high pore volume, and controllable structure parameters. The results demonstrate that the selection of the chelating reagent plays critical roles in forming the hollow mesoporous structures. In addition, a simple and low‐energy‐consuming approach to synthesize highly stable and dispersive gold nanoparticle–yttrium silicate (AuNPs/YSiO) hollow nanocomposites has also been developed. The reduction of 4‐nitrophenol with AuNPs/YSiO hollow nanocomposites as the catalyst has clearly demonstrated that the hollow rare‐earth silicate spheres are good carriers for Au nanoparticles. This strategy can be extended as a general approach to prepare multifunctional yolk–shell structures with diverse compositions and morphologies simply by replacing silica spheres with silica‐coated nanocomposites.     

Simultaneous radiochemical separation of fractions of radioisotopes of primary nuclear reactor coolant water

Discs coated with silver iodide, lanthanum oxalate and calcium-barium sulfate were simultaneously rotated in nuclear reactor coolant water samples for radiochemical separation of iodine isotopes, the group of radioactive rare earth elements and the group of radioactive alkaline earth elements. The reproducibility of the method is discussed.