超声显像对肾结核的诊断价值

肾结核是泌尿生殖系统结核中常见疾病之一，其病理变化复杂多样，其差别亦很大，为进一步探讨超声显像对肾结核的诊断价值，我们对我院1994年至2003年经手术及病理证实的68例肾结核进行总结，以期提高对肾结核声像图的认识，寻找超声诊断肾结核的规律。     

临床型肾结核的超声声像图特征分析

目的探讨临床型肾结核的超声声像图特征。方法回顾分析42例50个病肾肾结核住院患者的病例资料,总结肾结核的超声声像图特征。结果超声诊断符合率62%。主要超声声像图特征:(1)肾实质内单发或多发低回声或无回声结构31个肾,占62%;(2)肾盂肾盏扩张27个肾,占54%;(3)合并输尿管结核18例,21个肾,占42%;(4)肾萎缩并钙化3个肾,占6%。结论临床型肾结核超声表现呈多样性,但仍有一定特征,结合临床可作出初步诊断。     

睾丸微结石症高频超声声像图分型诊断价值

睾丸微结石症(Testicular microlithiasis,TM)是弥散分布于睾丸曲精小管内,直径小于3mm的众多钙化灶形成的综合征.1970年由Pricbc[1]首次报道,1987年由Doherty等[2]首次详细描述其声像表现,以后国内也陆续报道[3].……     

类风湿性膝关节炎高频超声声像图分型诊断价值

高频超声诊断类风湿性膝关节炎已有报告,但对其声像图分型的诊断尚未见报告。为此,我们总结43例类风湿性膝关节炎患者,旨在探讨其声像图分型的临床诊断价值。     

超声诊断药物流产不全声像图分型的初步探讨

药物流产以其简单、有效的优越性深受广大妇女欢迎 ,但少数患者服药后胚胎组织排出不完全 ,引起阴道长期出血等许多不良后果。本文对我科 6 2例药物流产不完全 (简称药流不全 )的患者Ｂ超声像图进行了总结分型 ,现报告如下。1　资料和方法1 1　临床资料　本组 6 2例均为我院门诊或住院患者 ,服药前 ,Ｂ超诊断宫内早孕 ,年龄在 2 2～ 41岁之间。于常规服用米非司酮和米索前列醇后 5～ 30ｄ ,再次Ｂ超检查为药流不全。1 2　方法　采用ＳＳＡ～ 90Ａ型或东艺ＥＵＢ～ 40型超声诊断仪 ,3 5ＭＨｚ凸阵探头。患者充盈膀胱后取仰卧位 ,于下腹部常规…     

脾脏损伤声像图分型与手术探讨

脾破裂在腹部闭合性损伤中较常见 ,脾损伤的程度引发的临床表现和处理并不同。处理不当常造成并发症 ,甚或延误病情造成死亡。[1,2 ] 现将 40例脾损伤的声像资料 ,根据手术与超声表现分为三型 :Ⅰ型 :中央破裂型 ;Ⅱ型 :包膜下破裂型 ;Ⅲ型 :真性破裂型。探讨声像图分型与手术的关系。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　本组 40例病人系 1986年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月期间住院患者 ,其中男性 3 0例 ,女性 10例 ,年龄 16岁～ 60岁。40例中摔伤 15例 ,车祸伤 2 0例 ,拳击伤 5例 ,伤后 1小时内超声检查 5例 ,2～ 4小时 3 0例 ,5例外伤后 48～ 14 4小…     

肝包虫病的超声声像图特征及其诊断价值

目的:探讨肝包虫病的超声声像图特征及其诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的80例肝包虫病的声像图特征.结果:肝包虫囊肿的声像图分为4种:单发囊肿型7例,多发囊肿型9例,子囊孙囊型12例,囊肿实变型10例.肝泡球蚴病的声像图分为3种:实性肿块型16例,肿块液化型21例,肿块钙化型5例.除2例单发囊肿型声像图缺乏明显的特征(囊底缺少囊砂),术前未能做出明确诊断外,余78例均做出了明确的诊断,诊断符合率97.5%.结论:超声显像对肝包虫病的位置、数目、大小和类型均可做出精确的判断,可作为包虫病的首选检查方法.     

彩超诊断输尿管血管瘤的声像图探讨

输尿管血管瘤诊断较难,现将本院近5a内经手术、病理证实的3例输尿管血管瘤的超声声像图报告如下:1资料与方法2001年至2006年10月本院共收治输尿管血管瘤病人     

胰腺结核的超声声像图表现

目的：提高对胰腺结核术前的诊断率。材料和方法：将经手术和病理证实的3例胰腺结核和10例胰腺癌病例的声像图进行对比研究。采用ESAOTE AU—5超声诊断仪，频率3．5MHz探头。结果：3例胰腺结核临床均误诊为胰腺癌，CT诊断不能肯定，但在超声声像图上显示有一定特征。3例胰腺结核声像图表现为多病灶、边界清楚、有线条状强光带包绕的低回声，但无声衰减，同时伴腹腔后腹膜淋巴结肿大。结论：超声在胰腺结核的诊断上有一定的临床应用价值。     

红外热像图与超声声像图诊断甲状腺疾病的应用价值

红外热像图与超声声像图诊断甲状腺疾病的应用价值张玉霞付强翟庆华近年来，红外热像技术广泛应用于临床。本文总结了我院１９９２－０４～１９９５－１２应用红外热像技术检查，同时进行Ｂ超声像图检查的１０６例甲状腺疾病患者，并结合同位素扫描、手术及病理活检进行对...     

肾脏恶性肿瘤的超声诊断(附28例分析)

目的：探讨肾脏恶性肿瘤的超声及其他影像学诊断。方法：对28例经B超及其他影像学检查，并经手术、病理证实的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：B超定性诊断肾癌20例(20／28)；螺旋CT定性诊断10例(10／17)；MRI定性诊断7例(7／10)。结论：对于大于1cm的肾癌，B超及其他影像学检查定性诊断率相差不大；熟悉肾脏恶性肿瘤的二维及多普勒超声表现，结合临床病史及其他影像学检查，是减少漏、误诊，提高超声诊断水平的关键。     

超声检查诊断肾癌的临床应用价值(附60例分析)

目的:评价超声检查肾癌的表现及声像图特征,提高超声检查对肾癌的诊断水平。方法:对60例经手术和病理证实的肾癌术前超声诊断和临床资料进行对比分析。结果:肾癌超声检查的声像图表现为多样性,60例中以不均质中低回声病灶最多见,共42例,占70%;混合性回声病灶12例,占20%;囊性病灶6例,占10%。超声诊断符合率95%。结论:超声检查对肾癌具有较高的诊断价值,超声科医生应对肾癌声像图全面掌握,以提高对肾癌术前诊断正确率,减少误诊率的发生。     

Duplex ultrasonographic study of the renal arteries before and after renal artery stenting

The aim of our study was to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of colour-coded duplex US in the detection of renal artery stenosis before and after stenting. Eighty-four patients (23 women, 61 men; mean age 64 years) with significant renal artery stenosis were studied with Doppler US, before and after stenting. A combined anterior and translumbar approach was used to visualise the renal arteries. Renal artery stenosis and in-stent restenosis were proved by the increase of renal peak systolic velocity (PSV) and reno-aortic ratio (RAR). Laboratory-specific threshold values of PSV and RAR were used to assess sensitivity and specificity of Doppler US. The renal arteries were visualised in all patients (feasibility 100%). A statistically significant difference of PSV and RAR was demonstrated between patent and stenotic renal arteries, before stenting, and between stenotic and stented renal arteries. No difference was demonstrated in cases of in-stent restenosis ( n=21). Before stenting, sensitivity of PSV and RAR was 93%, whereas specificity rates were 92 and 96%, respectively. After stenting sensitivity and specificity rates were, respectively, 90 and 93% for PSV, and 95 and 95% for RAR. Doppler US represents a feasible and reliable technique in the detection of renal artery stenosis and in-stent restenosis, although laboratory-specific threshold values are required to improve its accuracy.     

精索静脉曲张术前超声分型与术后临床疗效的关系

目的探讨精索静脉曲张（VC）的超声分型对手术后临床疗效的影响。方法 2008年1月～2009年6月在我科住院患者经彩色多普勒超声（CDU）诊断为VC患者共83例,以蔓状静脉丛（PPV）最大内径和反流程度将患者分为VCⅠ级、VCⅡ级、VCⅢ级,观察临床症状（会阴部潮湿、阴囊胀痛、坠胀不适）及精液质量,所有患者均行精索静脉高位结扎,一般情况下术前术后均行精液常规检查,术后随访3～6个月。结果术前术后临床症状VCⅠ级、VCⅡ级、VCⅢ级痊愈率、无变化率具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,即级别越高临床症状改善效果越好,而超声分级级别越低临床症状无变化率越大（P〈0.05）;精液质量术前术后VCⅠ级无显著性差异（P〉0.05）、VCⅡ级有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,VCⅢ级有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论 VC的超声分型与手术疗效有一定的关系,不同曲张等级VC手术效果不同,CDU诊断为VCⅠ级患者是否有必要行手术治疗有待进一步探讨。     

肾结核的影像表现与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨影像学对肾结核诊断和鉴别诊断的价值。方法:33例肾结核病例中,21例经手术病理证实,12例经临床诊断。结果:33例肾结核中,12例行静脉尿路造影,30例CT检查,8例MR检查。影像学表现为肾影轮廓的改变,肾实质内低密度,肾盂肾盏破坏及狭窄,病灶内点状或斑点状钙化,输尿管的累及、周围组织的侵犯。结论:影像学对肾结核诊断及鉴别诊断有很重要的作用。     

Present-day imaging of patients with renal colic

In the past decade alternatives to urography have been proposed for the study of patients with renal colic. In 1992 it was suggested to replace urography with KUB and ultrasonography. In 1993 the combination of KUB and ultrasonography followed by urography in unresolved cases was proposed and, in 1995, it was suggested to replace urography with unenhanced helical CT (UHCT). This article illustrates the contribution of UHCT to the study of patients with renal colic and analyses advantages and shortcomings of the technique compared with other diagnostic approaches. Diagnostics of the patient with renal colic is based on the detection of direct and indirect signs which allow identification of not only the calculus, with a sensitivity of 94–100 % and accuracy of 93–98 % according different authors, but also other signs that can serve to guide patient management and evaluate long-term prognosis. Unenhanced helical CT has the capability to detect extraurinary abnormalities which present with flank pain and mimic renal colic. The examination technique affects the quality of the images and therefore diagnostic accuracy as well as the dose to the patient. With regard to setting parameters, the choice of thickness and table feed should be guided by numerous factors. Multiplanar reconstruction is indicated in the study of the entire ureter course to identify the exact site of the calcification for the urologist to perform an evaluation similar to that obtained by urography. Many authors consider UHCT to be a valuable tool for suggesting the best therapeutic approach. Among these there are also urologists. The evaluation is based on the stone detection, its size and level in the urinary tract. Cost analysis shows that the cost of UHCT is equal to or inferior to the cost of urography. With regard to the dose, different data are reported in the literature. A high pitch (more than 1.5) and a thin collimation (3-mm thickness) are good compromise between quality and dose which can be compared to the dose of normal urography. What is to be done if helical CT is not available? If helical CT is not available, plain film plus ultrasonography should be considered. This approach does not solve all the cases; in unresolved cases urography is indicated. It should also be noted that US has a good sensitivity in detecting other conditions such as biliary lithiasis, acute pancreatitis, acute appendicitis and abdomino-pelvic masses which are responsible for pain that mimics renal colic. In conclusion, IVU should not have any more the priority in investigating the patients with renal colic. Helical CT should be the first choice in imaging a patient with renal colic. If this technique is not available, plain film and ultrasonography should be considered adding urography in unresolved cases.     

Ultrasound appearance of congenital renal disease: Pictorial review

Congenital renal diseases consist of a variety of entities. The age of presentation and clinical examination narrow down the differential diagnosis; however, imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and pretreatment planning. Ultrasound is often used for initial evaluation. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI provide additional information. Ultrasonography continues to occupy a central role in the evaluation and detection of congenital renal diseases due to its advantage of rapid scanning time, lack of radiation exposure, cost effective and easy feasibility.     

肾结核的CT特征

目的研究肾结核的CT特征。方法回顾性分析经临床和病理证实的30例(33个患肾)肾结核患者的CT表现及临床资料。结果30例中,CT扫描显示肾实质内单发或多发略低密度结节6例,肾实质内多发囊状低密度影24例;伴肾实质大部分钙化3例。结论肾结核CT特征性表现为肾实质内围绕肾盂排列的多个囊状低密度区,即“花瓣征”,相邻肾皮质变薄。     

糖尿病患者肾阈测定的临床意义

本文对65例糖尿病人进行了肾糖阈测定,结果发现44.6％的糖尿病患者肾糖阈异常,其中15例肾糖阈降低,占23.1％,血糖在2.8—5.9mmol/L时仍有糖尿排出(+—(?)),14例肾糖阈升高,占21.5％,血糖在11.2—14.5mmol/L时尿糖仍阴性。糖尿病人肾糖阈改变与患者年龄,病程、上糖值无关,P>0.05。 糖尿病人有肾糖阈异常,尿糖测定就不能正确反映其血糖水平,肾糖阈降低的患者,临床上会呈现控制不良假象。肾糖阈升高的患者,又会造成用药量偏小,使血糖不能及时得到满意控制。因此用尿糖作为糖尿病患者的病情监测并指导合理用药时,有必要对糖尿病人进行肾糖阀定。     

Power Doppler imaging in acute renal vein occlusion and recanalization: a canine model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamic changes of the power Doppler (PD) in acute renal vein occlusion and recanalization in a canine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a PD of the kidney during graded renal vein occlusion and recanalization induced by balloon inflation and deflation in nine dogs. The PD images were transferred to a personal computer, and the PD signals were quantified. RESULTS: We observed the temporal change of the PD signal during renal vein occlusion and recanalization, with a decrease in the PD signal during occlusion and an increase during recanalization. The mean PD signal decreased gradually as the renal vein was occluded, and conversely increased gradually with sequential relief of occlusion. The sequential change of the mean value of the PD signal was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The PD can detect a change in renal blood flow during acute renal vein occlusion and recanalization in a canine model. The PD may be used as a helpful tool for the early detection of acute renal vein thrombosis and the monitoring of renal perfusion.