心肌肥厚大鼠免疫功能的变化及人参皂甙的调节作用

以狭窄腹主动脉方法所致大鼠心肌肥厚模型显示，在大鼠尾动脉血压升高，左心室壁增厚的同时，出现胸腺脾Ｔ细胞增殖能力降低，ＩＬ－２分泌量也明显下降，人参皂甙（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，ｓｃ）在缓解血压增高的同时，能部分地升高其免疫水平，提示该药对由于心肌肥厚所出现的免疫抑制现象具有一定的调节作用。     

人参皂甙—Rh’_2的半合成

本文报导了人参皂甙-Rh_2′的半合成。从廉价的人参茎叶中得到的甙元人参二醇与四乙酰基溴代葡萄糖缩合,再经脱乙酰基即得到人参皂甙-Rh_2′。     

人参茎叶中皂甙类化学成分的研究

从辽宁桓仁县产人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)茎叶中分离得到十一种人参皂甙单体(L_1—L_(11))。用化学方法,IR,FD—MS,~(13)C—NMR,HPLC 等方法鉴定了其中七种化学结构;分别为人参皂甙(ginsenosides —Rh_1,—Rg_3,—Rg_2,—Rg_1,—Re,—Rc,—Rb_2)。其中—Rh_1,—Rg_3两种,首次从人参茎叶中分离得到的已知皂甙类成分。未见报导.     

活力源及其主要成份人参基叶皂甙对小鼠免疫功能的影响

活力源是吉林省抚松制药厂生产的具有提高机体免疫力功效的中成药,其主要成份人参基叶皂甙(Ginseng Stem-LeavesSaponins,GSLS)的成份与人参根皂甙基本相同。本文观察了活力源和GSLS在体内体外对小鼠脾细胞淋巴细胞转化率(淋转)和血清免疫球蛋白等免疫指标的影响,从此为活力源和GSLS的体内抗瘤效应和免疫调节作用的进一步研究和临床应用提供基本的实验依据。     

人参多糖对免疫功能影响的实验研究

为了探讨人参多糖(PSG)对免疫功能的影响．以吞噬活性、NK活性、IL-2产生能力为指标，对小鼠在PSG作用下免疫功能的变化进行丁观察．结果表明，PsG组这3项指标均较对照组明显增强(P相似文献   

人参茎叶皂甙和人参根皂甙及赛庚啶对大鼠主动回避反应的影响

本文研究了人参茎叶皂甙（ＧＳＬＳ）和人参根皂甙（ＧＲＳ）及赛庚啶（ＣＹＤ）对大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应的影响学习和记忆成绩用回避反应率（ＡＲ）和回避潜伏期（ＡＬ）评价．多次用药后，ＧＳＬＳ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ通过显著增加ＡＲ和显著缩短ＡＬ而易化了１０月龄雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ种鼠单路回避反应的学习和记忆获得，但损害了雄性大鼠双路回避反应的学习获得．多次腹腔注射ＧＳＬＳ３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ和ＧＲＳ４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ均相似显著改善了由东莨菪碱（０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）损害的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠单路回避反应的学习和记忆获得．此处，单次腹腔注射ＣＹＤ０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ通过显著减少ＡＲ和显著延长ＡＬ而损害了雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠双路回避反应的学习的记忆获得．     

人参根总皂甙和人参皂甙Rb1对冷水游泳应激鼠免疫功能的作用

在４℃冷水中，大鼠游泳５ｍｉｎ，小鼠游泳３ｍｉｎ，两的脾Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和抗绵羊红细胞抗体反应均被显抑制；同时血清皮质酮升高。人参根总皂甙ｉｐ或ｉｇ１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１或人参皂甙Ｒｂ１ｉｐ１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，完全拮抗了应激所致的免疫功能抑制，并降低应激大鼠血清皮质酮，但进一步升高应激小鼠血清皮质酮水平。     

人参皂甙Rb1通过提高PP2A活性抑制冈田酸诱导的大鼠海马神经元Tau蛋白AD样异常磷酸化

目的 研究人参皂甙Rb1对冈田酸诱导的海马神经元Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法用不同浓度的Rb1预处理大鼠后，向海马背侧一次性注射适量OA，建立Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的大鼠模型。通过Bieschowski’s染色、免疫组化和western-blot观察大鼠海马神经元突起和Tau蛋白磷酸化水平的变化；检测蛋白磷酸酯酶PP2A和胆碱乙酰转移酶(T-chE)活性，探讨Rb1作用的可能机制。结果模型组大鼠海马神经元神经原纤维排列紊乱，轴突断裂；Tau蛋白磷酸化水平和总Tau含量增多，PP2A活性明显受抑制，但T-chE活性无改变；Rb1预处理的大鼠，神经原纤维走行规则，轴突较完整，Tau磷酸化和总Tau水平比模型鼠下降，PP2A活性明显增高，但T—chE活性无明显改变。结论。Rb1可以减轻OA诱导的大鼠海马神经元Tau蛋白过度磷酸化，其机制可能主要与提高PP2A活性有关；Rb1对T-chE则无明显影响。     

用放射自显影术研究人参总皂甙对大鼠海马NMDA受体的影响

采用〔３Ｈ〕ＴＣＰ放射配基作海马ＮＭＤＡ受体的自显影，研究人参总皂甙在海马齿状回颗粒细胞层诱发ＬＴＰ效应和促进大鼠记忆保持能力时，海马内此受体的变化。给人参总皂甙的大鼠海马ＣＡ１、ＣＡ３和ＤＧ（ｄｅｎｔａｔｅｇｙｒｕｓ齿状回）的ＮＭＤＡ受体银粒数较给生理盐水大鼠的平均分别增多４２．８４％±２．４％，３８．５７％±３．１３％，３５．８１％±１．４６％（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１），表明人参总皂甙在诱发海马ＬＴＰ和促进大鼠记忆行为时，可增加海马的ＮＭＤＡ受体数目和活性。     

八宝颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究康姜牌八宝颗粒剂对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法将小鼠随机分为两组比较疗效。治疗组口服给予不同剂量的八宝颗粒剂（分别为2000mg／（kg·bw）、4000mg／（kg·bw）和12000mg／（kg·bw）），对照组采用生理盐水灌服。观察八宝颗粒剂对小鼠刀豆球蛋白（ConA）诱导的脾淋巴细胞转化、抗体生成细胞（溶血空斑数）、NK细胞的作用。结果康美牌八宝颗粒剂可促进ConA诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖．促进小鼠抗体生成细胞的形成，提高NK细胞的活性。结论康美牌八宝颗粒剂可明显增强小鼠免疫能力。     

康莱特注射液对肿瘤恶病质实验模型的细胞免疫功能影响

目的探讨癌症恶病质时机体细胞免疫功能变化及康莱特（kanglaite，KLT）对癌症恶病质的治疗作用。方法建立T739小鼠癌症恶病质模型，观察KLT对模型鼠细胞免疫功能的作用。结果KLT可明显降低小鼠血清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）水平，并可提高NK细胞活性和促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖。结论康莱特对小鼠癌症恶病质时受损的细胞免疫功能有较好的恢复作用。     

人参总皂苷对PDGF-BB所致血管平滑肌细胞增殖周期的影响

目的研究人参总皂苷(totel ginsenosides,TG)对血小板源性生长因子BB型(PDGF-BB)所致血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖周期的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法组织块贴壁法培养SD大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞,MTT比色法观察TG(10、30、100mg·L-1)对PDGF-BB(25μg·L-1)所致的VSMC增殖的影响;流式细胞仪分析细胞增殖周期;Re-al-timeRT-PCR检测VSMC中内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)、周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶抑制因子P27(KIP1)、原癌基因c-fos、周期蛋白D1(CyclinD1)mRNA的表达。结果在正常细胞中加入TG100mg·L-1不影响细胞的吸光度值及G0/G1期、G2/M期、S期细胞比例(P>0.05);PDGF-BB可明显升高吸光度值(P<0.01),增加S期细胞比例而降低G0/G1期细胞比例(P<0.01),并明显增加c-fos、CyclinD1 mRNA的表达,下调eNOS和P27(KIP1)的表达(P<0.01)。TG低、中、高浓度均明显抑制PDGF-BB诱导的吸光度值升高(P<0.01),降低S期细胞比例而升高G0/G1期细胞比例,明显下调PDGF-BB所致的c-fos及CyclinD1 mRNA高表达(P<0.01),并使eNOS mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),但对P27(KIP1)的表达无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论 TG通过阻止VSMC由G0/G1期进入S期而抑制PDGF-BB所致的增殖,其作用机制可能与其提高eNOSmRNA表达、降低c-fos和CyclinD1 mRNA高表达有关。     

Effects of ginsenosides on rat jejunal contractility

Context: Ginsenosides are primary active ingredients of ginseng, which are believed to have various health benefits. It is found that the biotransformation of ginsenosides mainly takes place in the gastrointestinal tract and the information about ginsenosides-exerted effects on intestinal contractility is not sufficient.

Aims: The present study proposed that ginsenosides could exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on intestinal motility depending on the assay condition-related intestinal contractile states and was to characterize the effects of ginsenosides on intestinal motility.

Methods: Jejunal contractility determination, Western blotting analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to test the effects of total ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (Araliaceae) root.

Results: The results showed that ginsenosides at the fixed concentration of 20?mg/L exerted bidirectional regulation (BR) on the contractility of isolated jejunal segment (IJS), depending on the contractile states. The contractility of IJS was increased by ginsenosides in low contractile states, which were correlated to the cholinergic activation, and the contractility of IJS was decreased by ginsenosides in high contractile states, which were correlated to the adrenergic activation and nitric oxide related mechanisms. Ginsenosides-induced BR was abolished in the absence of Ca²⁺ or by using tetrodotoxin, implicating the requirement of Ca²⁺ and the enteric nervous system. Effects of ginsenosides on myosin light chain phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of myosin light chain kinase were also bidirectional.

Discussion and conclusion: Results suggest that ginsenosides may have the potential clinical implication for reliving the symptoms of alternative hypo- and hyper-intestinal motility.     

海马内微量注射褪黑素的免疫调节作用

研究褪黑素（ＭＴ）经海马对大鼠免疫系统的影响。微量注射ＭＴ１μｇ至双侧海马，可显著地增强脾淋巴细胞ＣｏｎＡ诱导的增殖反应，其量效曲线呈钟罩形。连续３ｄ注射ＭＴ，能明显提高脾细胞产生ＩＬ－２和腹腔巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１，还能增强ＮＫ细胞活性。提示，ＭＴ能通过海马调节免疫功能。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染对外周血单个核细胞中凋亡分子表达的影响及其与免疫功能的相关性

目的 研究慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染对外周血单个核细胞中凋亡分子表达的影响及其与免疫功能的相关性.方法 选择76例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者和体检的54例健康志愿者,分别作为CHB组和对照组,采集血清并测定凋亡分子含量、采集外周血单个核细胞并测定凋亡分子表达量以及免疫细胞含量.结果 CHB组患者血清中凋亡分子Fas、FasL、Caspase-3、Caspase-6、Caspase-8的含量以及外周血单个核细胞中Fas、FasL、Caspase-3、Caspase-6、Caspase-8的mRNA含量均显著高于对照组;CHB组患者外周血中CD3+ CD4+T细胞、CD3+ CD8+T细胞、CD16+ CD56+ NK细胞的百分比及CD4+/CD8+的比例均显著低于对照组;外周血单个核细胞中Fas、FasL、Caspase-3、Caspase-6、Caspase-8的mRNA含量与CD3+ CD4+T细胞、CD3 +CD8+T细胞、CD16+ CD56+自然杀伤(NK)细胞的百分比呈负相关.结论 慢性HBV感染能够增加外周血单个核细胞中凋亡分子的表达,进而造成T淋巴细胞和NK细胞凋亡、抑制细胞免疫应答和非特异性免疫应.     

Effect of flavonoids on rat splenocytes, a structure-activity relationship study

Flavonoids are polyphenols frequently consumed in the diet which have been suggested to exert a number of beneficial actions on human health, including intestinal anti-inflammatory activity. Their properties have been studied in numerous cell types, but little is known about their effect on leukocyte biology. We have selected 9 flavonoids (extended to 14 flavonoids plus the related polyphenol resveratrol in some cases) with different structural features to characterize their effects on leukocyte viability, proliferation, and expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, EC 1.14.13.39) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2), as well as to elucidate the structural requirements in each case. Quiescent and concanavalin A-stimulated rat splenocytes were used as a model. Flavonoids (50 microM) had a dramatic inhibitory effect on cytokine secretion. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was also blocked largely by some flavonoids, especially quercetin, luteolin and apigenin, while cyclooxygenase 2 was downregulated only by apigenin, diosmetin and quercetin. Apigenin, luteolin, genistein and quercetin had substantial cytotoxic/proapoptotic effects, while chrysin, daidzein, hesperetin and kaempferol did not reduce cell viability. In contrast, all flavonoids had powerful antiproliferative effects. However, none of the compounds activated caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.56), but actually lowered caspase 3 activation and expression in concanavalin A-stimulated cells. The activity of the quercetin metabolite isorhamnetin was generally lower than that of the parent compound. We conclude that flavonoids have powerful effects on lymphocytes with distinct structural requirements that may contribute to their intestinal anti-inflammatory activity. The bioactivity of orally administered flavonoids may be dampened by biotransformation in vivo, particularly in extraintestinal sites.     

人参总皂苷促进血管新生改善急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能

目的探讨人参总皂苷(total ginsenosides,TG)对大鼠急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)模型血管新生及心功能的影响。方法结扎♂SD大鼠冠状动脉前降支,制备AMI模型,随机分为模型组、TG低剂量和高剂量组(腹腔注射给予TG 20、40 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),假手术组与模型组给予等量生理盐水;彩色多普勒超声检测大鼠心功能;HE染色、Masson染色和免疫组化染色后观察心肌病理组织学变化和微血管密度;real-time PCR检测心肌组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)mRNA水平。结果 TG治疗35 d后,与模型组比较,TG高和低剂量组均能明显缩小左心室舒张末期内径、左心室收缩末期内径、舒张末期左室容积和收缩末期左室容积(P<0.05),明显增加左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率(P<0.01)。TG组心肌梗死面积和纤维化改变明显减小,心室壁较厚;梗死区及其周边心肌组织CD31阳性细胞组成的微血管密度较模型组增高(P<0.05);缺血区心肌组织中VEGF和bFGF mRNA表达明显高于模型组(P<0.01)。结论 TG可明显促进急性心肌梗死大鼠心脏功能恢复和改善心室重构及梗死区心肌血液供应,作用机制与上调心肌组织VEGF和bFGF基因表达、促进血管新生而增加血液供应有关。     

Effects of ginsenosides on vascular reactivity in rat cerebral and renal arteries

Objective To investigate possible mechanisms underlying the antioxidant property(1)and the in vitro vasodilator effects(2)of the two ginsenosides,Rb1 and Rg1,in isolated rat renal and cerebral arteries.Methods Arterial rings were mounted in a multi-channel myograph for recording of isometric tension.To examine the antioxidant activity,some rings were exposed to a free radical-generating reaction(hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase)with and without pre-treatment with ginsenosides.The calcium antagonistic effects were tested on rings contracted by membrane depolarization in elevated extracellular potassium ions,a condition that promoted Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle cells.Results Ginsenosides protected endothelial function(endothelial nitric oxide-dependent relaxation)against oxidative stress;(2)ginsenoside Rb1 reduced the high K+-induced contractions of both renal and cerebral arteries while ginsenoside Rg1 relaxed the rat cerebral artery but not the renal artery.Conclusions Ginsenosides are vaso-protective via(1)the antioxidant activity which protects endothelial cell function and(2)the inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle.The vasodilator effects may suggest the potential preventive or therapeutic values of ginsenosides against stroke and renal hypertension.