用表面活性剂和纯碱回收含油废白土中的油脂

我厂生产高中级香皂所用的油脂是用活性白土脱色漂白的。由于脱色后的废白土吸附一部分油脂,虽在过滤机内用蒸汽吹出,并以盐碱水过滤、洗涤进行回收油脂,但在废白土中仍含有大约10%的油脂扔掉。为了减少损失,我们研究用表面活性剂与纯碱并用回收白土油的方法。该方法操作简单,出油快,油脂回收率高,回收后的废白上含油率降低到3%(干基)以下,现已正式投入生产。     

炼油废白土的综合利用

在石油炼制中,使用活性白土精制润滑油和石蜡的过程中会产生大量含油废白土,如果不能有效处理会对环境造成污染,同时也造成资源浪费。本文介绍了炼油废白土综合利用的几种方法,指出目前废白土综合利用的有效方法是回收废白土中的油分,再利用脱油后的废白土。     

润滑油废白土选择性脱油工艺的研究

设计了一种润滑油废白土选择性脱油工艺。利用含油率为36.7%的炼油厂基础油废白土为原料,催化重整装置副产的抽余油为萃取溶剂,经过脱附、精馏、(溶剂)回收、(理想油)抽出、卸渣等过程,选择性脱附润滑油废白土中的理想油分,油品回收率可达64%,且润滑油潜含量较高,与基础油性质接近。     

废润滑油残渣油与废白土在废润滑油再生的应用

利用废润滑油残渣油与废白土共炭化制备吸附剂,对废润滑油进行吸附处理。结果表明,最优的工艺条件:废润滑油残渣油与废白土的质量比为3∶1时所制备的吸附剂对废润滑油的吸附精制的效果最优,与新鲜白土相差无几。     

润滑油精制废白土处理工艺的研究进展

对废白土的产生、特点及其危害等方面进行了阐述,总结了近年来废白土处理的几种有效手段,并针对现有方法存在的不足进行了展望。     

炼厂废白土处理方法

炼油厂石蜡和润滑油精制工序产生大量废白土,其中含30%左右的蜡或油,需进行无害化处理或综合利用。文中介绍了几种炼厂废白土处理的方法。     

废润滑油残渣油与废白土在废润滑油再生的应用

利用废润滑油残渣油与废白土共炭化制备吸附剂,对废润滑油进行吸附处理。结果表明,最优的工艺条件:废润滑油残渣油与废白土的质量比为3∶1时所制备的吸附剂对废润滑油的吸附精制的效果最优,与新鲜白土相差无几。     

废白土渣有广泛利用途径

由抚顺石油研究所负责的石蜡协作组,最近组织调查组,赴大庆油田、锦西石油五厂、大连石油七厂等炼油厂,对石蜡生产和制蜡车间经过脱色后的废白土渣的利用问题进行了调查。调查中发现:这种过去一直被认为是废物扔掉了的废白土渣并不废,而是有广泛的用途。经大庆地区一些施工单位试验结果证明:(1)经过脱色后的废白土渣,它含有油,能够防止渗水,盖房时,铺上废白土渣后,再铺上一层水泥或铺砖,可以防止反潮;(2)在东北地区,由于气候寒冷,盖房时在天棚上铺上一层这种废白土渣,能代替锯末,还能起保温作用;(3)更重要的是在盖房打基础时,在基础周围铺上一层这种废白土渣,能防止边     

扬子石化研究院开发出废白土绿色再生技术

正扬子石化研究院开发的废白土绿色再生技术,化固体废弃物为再生资源,循环利用于芳烃精制脱烯烃工艺,彻底解决了被江苏省界定为固废的废白土的处置难题,同时使吨废白土处置费用降低了500元,申报了3项发明专利。扬子石化公司芳烃联合装置生产过程中脱除其中的乙烯,每年产生的废弃白土约600吨。此前,废弃白土主要采用     

废白土/核桃壳粉/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备

用钛酸酯偶联剂改性核桃壳粉,与废白土、低密度聚乙烯制备复合材料,研究废白土用量对复合材料力学性能及加工流动性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察核桃壳粉及复合材料表面微观形态.结果表明:随着废白土用量的增加,复合材料的力学性能、熔体指数呈先升后降趋势;核桃壳粉、废白土与低密度聚乙烯树脂的界面结合情况会影响复合材料的力学性能.     

SOME OPERATING PROBLEMS IN CLAY MINING1

Actual problems, the cause and possible solution are described. Calculations are given showing the economies of good drainage, well upkept equipment, and sane management of clay mines. Observations show that clay is wasted and mining hazardous and unnecessarily expensive in several of the clay mines examined. Recommendations are made.     

X6D-320型导热油再生试验研究

对报废的X6D-320型导热油进行了酸洗、碱洗、白土吸附,其间再加以水洗和过滤等试验处理,经过对比试验,分析了试验各步骤参数变化对导热油再生效果的影响及其原因,确定了最佳参数取值范围。通过试验表明,对X6D-320报废导热油在30℃加以98%浓硫酸进行酸洗、在70℃用10%NaOH溶液碱洗、在90℃用活性白土吸附,再生效果最为理想。     

废匣钵制瓷的研究

本文研究了废匣钵加入量、粘土种类及用量对配方性能的影响，确定了最佳配方组成，生产出强度高、热稳定性好、规整度高的精炻器产品。     

Influence of solfonated melamine formaldehyde condensate on the quality of building blocks production by extrusion of cement–clay pastes

The extrusion of cement–clay pastes to manufacture building blocks by cold stabilization of clays by cement is investigated. Based on the pressure and the torque values measured during paste preparation and extrusion, an operative window of concentration of water and sulphonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) fluidizer suitable to obtain simple and complex building blocks is identified: for pastes with clay/cement ratio 2.6:1 the water content ranges between 24% and 29% w/w for 6% w/w SMF and between 29% and 33% for 0% w/w SMF. Extruded items have been submitted to bending stress resistance tests to evaluate the mechanical properties of clay stabilized by cement and to identify the paste formulations with the highest resistances. To the best a 25% increase in mechanical properties is achieved by applying a curing treatment at 35 °C and 90% humidity for 96 h. However based on the results of tests of frost resistance and resistance to water contact, the clay–cement blocks do not offer so far an alternative to conventional bricks.     

Pilot-Scale Demonstration of Deep Cone™ Paste Thickening Process for Phosphatic Clay/Sand Disposal

A pilot-scale Deep Cone? thickener (DCT) from Dorr-Oliver EIMCO has been employed at a phosphate mine in central Florida to investigate the effects of key operating parameters, including feed rate, sand addition rate, flocculant dosage, and bed depth on waste clay thickening performance. The pilot-scale field testing successfully demonstrated the simultaneous production of an underflow paste product and a clear overflow water stream. Typical overflow water recovery and underflow solids recovery were more than 88% and 98%, respectively with a residence time of about 2 hours. The highest clay content and total solids content in the paste were higher than 25% and 35%, respectively, when the flotation sand tailing was added to the clay slurry at a clay/sand ratio of 2:1 by weight.     

Method of calculating the composition of ceramic paste based on acid loams with semiacid clay additive

A method is proposed for designing the charge composition of a two-component clay paste for production of rough wall ceramic based on acid loams and nontraditional semiacid clay additive with a high iron oxide content. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 1, pp. 14–15, January, 2007.     

高可塑性骨质瓷拉坯泥料的制备和应用研究

在我国千百年来传承下来的古老的制作陶瓷技艺中,运用辘轳拉坯成型依然是艺术陶瓷重要的成型方式之一。骨质瓷是目前世界公认的高档瓷种之一,具有洁白、温润、透明度好、釉面光亮度高等特点,但是塑性较差、不适合手工拉坯成型工艺。因此,通过对泥料进行可塑性调节和制备,以期达到手工拉坯成型在高档艺术陶瓷中的广泛应用。     

Leaching and Solubility Analysis of Porcelain-Recycled Tile Residues in Clay Bricks

In this study, a porcelain tile residue was used to produce clay bricks. The residue was characterized (XRF, PSD, dilatometry, solubility, and leaching analyses) and was added to a brick paste, forming compositions that were extruded, dried, and fired at 1000°C. The fired specimens were tested [compressive strength, shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, phase analysis (XRD), microstructure (SEM), leaching, and solubility]. The results showed that the porcelain residue was a noninert material. When added to the brick paste, the residue shows an improvement of some properties due to its alkaline content acting as a flux in the clay paste and causing the vitrification of the structure.     

从天然硅酸盐矿物制备清洁膏 Ⅱ、用白瓷土制备“超级洁加亮”膏状清洁剂

本工作以特定白瓷土为原料,成功合成了两种兼有清洁、上光功能的清洁膏。为制备具有上述功能的,由高分散的固、油、水三相构成的稳定膏体,关键在于设计最佳的配方及合适的操作程序,本文就此进行了讨论。