晶粒细化对Fe-Ni-Mo-Cr系马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响

采用显微组织观察和力学性能测试,研究了晶粒细化处理对Fe-Ni-Mo-Cr系马氏体时效钢组织和性能的影响.结果表明,等温循环相变可使晶粒平均尺寸达到8～10 μm;同时使合金的马氏体板条碎化,亚结构和析出相形核位置增多,逆转变奥氏体长大速度加快.循环细化后的时效合金中调幅组织更为明显,棒状的Ni3Mo、Ni3Ti及逆转变奥氏体的弥散度也比未经过循环细化处理的要大,合金的强度和塑性明显改善.     

18Ni(2450MPa级)马氏体时效钢细化晶粒工艺

研究了 1 8Ni( 2 45 0 MPa级 )马氏体时效钢逆转变奥氏体再结晶规律及细化晶粒工艺。将原始组织为板条状马氏体和线状马氏体的逆转变奥氏体在一定温度下保温 ,观察其再结晶规律。将原始组织为“线状”马氏体的 1 8Ni马氏体时效钢进行α′ γ循环相变以细化晶粒 ,通过金相观察确定最佳细化晶粒工艺     

一种马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒长大动力学

在光学显微镜下,利用Leica Metal Work软件研究了一种强度级别为2100MPa的超高强度马氏体时效钢在850～1150℃的奥氏体晶粒长大规律.结果表明,实验钢奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随加热温度升高和保温时间的延长而增大,其奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸与保温时间规律符合Beck方程,奥氏体化温度宜控制在800～950℃,其晶粒增长指数随温度的升高而减小,850～1150℃时实验钢奥氏体晶粒长大平均激活能为108.5kJ/mol-1,并建立了实验钢在等温加热过程中的奥氏体晶粒长大方程.     

大型锻件的晶粒细化研究

在生产大型12Cr2Mo1阀盖锻件时，锻造后发现锻件晶粒粗大、超声波探伤性较差，为解决此类问题我们提出了两种热处理解决方案。并对两种方案锻件晶粒度的改善情况进行了对比。最终发现控制形核重结晶的热处理方案在解决此类问题时更具优势。     

18Ni马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律研究

对18Ni(1800 MPa级)马氏体时效超高强度钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律进行研究.结果表明,随加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,当温度高于1000℃时,晶粒迅速发生粗化,当温度低于1000℃时,晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长变化不明显;晶粒平均尺寸与保温时间的关系符合Beck方程,且温度越高,晶粒生长指数越大;在850～1150℃,18Ni(1800MPa级)马氏体时效钢奥氏体晶粒长大激活能为223.106kJ/mol,其奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸与加热温度之间符合Arrhenius关系,并建立了该马氏体时效钢的奥氏体晶粒度长大数学模型.     

无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相钢晶粒细化研究

在获得无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相钢奥氏体晶界侵蚀方法的基础上,利用电致加热循环淬火方法对无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相钢进行组织超细化处理,研究了奥氏体化温度、加热速率、循环次数和保温时间对钢的组织和原奥氏体晶粒的影响。实验结果表明:以100℃/s的加热速度加热到910~920℃淬火,循环3次,前两次淬火不保温,最后一次保温30 s,可得到平均晶粒度为3.2μm,超高周疲劳性能优异的超细化无碳化物贝氏体/马氏体复相钢。     

大型锻件晶粒细化热处理研究进展

主要介绍了大型锻件中的组织遗传现象,分析了其形成机制,并总结了切断组织遗传达到晶粒细化的若干热处理工艺和途径,主要包括临界区快速加热、高温正火、高温回火、过冷奥氏体平衡转变等;最后介绍了典型的汽轮机低压转子锻件和超超临界高中压转子锻件的锻后热处理工艺。     

高强度马氏体时效钢

在Ee—Ni—Co,Fe—Ni—Cr以及Fe—Cr—Co三元系的基础上,通过添加Mo、Ti、W、Al等合金元素,已研制出一系列高强耐热马氏体时效钢。这类钢总的特点是无碳(碳含量不超过0.03%)和自γ-区淬火后其基体组织为片状的、被置换元素所饱和的α固溶体。固溶体时效分解导致中间相的析出,使钢的强度提高50～100%[1,2]。本文对高强度马氏体时效钢的工艺性能和使用性能的有关资料进行了分析,并综合这些性能来判定这类钢实际应用的可能性。     

无钴马氏体时效钢的研究与应用

从无钴马氏体时效钢的种类、合金化、热处理对该材料力学性能的影响及强化机理等方面综述了无钴马氏体时效钢的研究和应用概况.无钴马氏体时效钢中不含昂贵的钴元素,利用板条马氏体基体上析出的Ni3(Ti,Mo)等沉淀相来实现强化,在低于2100MPa的强度范围内,与同级别的含钴的18Ni马氏体时效钢相比,有相近的强韧性.     

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of asymmetrically rolled low carbon steel

The formation of fine ferrite grains by the asymmetric rolling of low carbon steel and their mechanical properties were studied. Super-cooled low carbon austenite was deformed by asymmetric rolling at 750 °C with a roll size ratio of 1.5 and immediately cooled at various cooling rates ranging from 3 °C/s to 15 °C/s. Fine ferrite grains (∼2 μm) were formed after asymmetric rolling, preferentially at the prior austenite grain boundaries. The volume fraction of the fine ferrite grains increased with increasing rolling reduction. A ferrite plus pearlite microstructure was obtained at smaller strains and slower cooling rates. However, after heavy deformation, a fine ferrite grain structure with carbide particles dispersed at the ferrite grain boundaries was obtained and the pearlite structure was not observed even after very slow cooling, which implies that most of the ferrite grains were formed dynamically, i.e. during deformation. The yield strength of the asymmetrically rolled steel plates increased with increasing deformation; however, the yield ratio also increased with increasing rolling reduction. The best combination of strength and yield ratio was obtained by using a low level of deformation and a high cooling rate, in which case a portion of the untransformed austenite transformed to martensite.     

Grain refinement mechanism during equal-channel angular pressing of a low-carbon steel

The grain refinement mechanism during equal-channel angular pressing of a plain low-carbon steel was explored by a careful analysis of the slip systems operating at each pass of repetitive pressing. The steel was subjected to one to eight passes of pressing, in which a single passage yielded an effective strain of ∼1, at 623 K. At the initial stage of pressing, submicrometer-order ferrite grains enclosed by serrated and low-angled boundaries were formed. Transmission electron microscopy examination revealed that these boundaries resulted from interaction between the slip systems that are typical in body-centered cubic structures. Further pressings mainly resulted in rotation of ultrafine subgrains rather than grain refinement, providing the formation of high-angle grain boundaries. Since the serrated boundaries restrict dislocation movement, the rotation of subgrains with the serrated boundaries is more favorable for accommodating further deformation than intragranular strain, and therefore boundaries become high-angled.     

A high-strength maraging steel

Conclusion Maraging steel 02N18K3M3T, which has essentially the same strength and reliability as commercial steel 02N18K9M5T, has been developed on the basis of laws revealed for the influence exerted by alloying elements, modifiers, and deoxidizers on the phase composition and production and mechanical properties of high-strength maraging steels, as well as a result of improvement of smelting, hot-deformation, and heat-treatment procedures. Use of steel 02N18K3M3T makes it possible to save scarce cobalt and molybdenum (60 and15 kg/ton, respectively) without lowering the set of high properties. This steel has good production plasticity adaptable to manufacture under hot deformation, is readily machined, is recommended for the fabrication of load-bearing aircraft components, as well as articles subject to repeated action, and is intended for operation in all climates at temperatures from –70 to +400°C.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Aviation Materials. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 11, pp. 21–25, November, 1993.     

马氏体时效不锈钢的发展

叙述了马氏体时效不锈钢的发展历史与现状,并总结了该钢种的成分、性能和强韧化机理等方面的特点.马氏体时效不锈钢的发展趋势是采用超高洁净度([H] [0] [N] [S] [P]≤40×10-6(ppm))的真空熔炼及全流程组织细化及成分均匀化控制等技术,研制高强、高韧、具有优良综合性能的马氏体时效不锈钢.     

Grain refinement mechanism of multiple laser shock processing impacts on ANSI 304 stainless steel

Micro-structural evolution and grain refinement in ANSI 304 stainless steel subjected to multiple laser shock processing (LSP) impacts were investigated by means of cross-sectional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. The plastic strain-induced grain refinement mechanism of the face-centered cubic (fcc) materials with very low stacking fault energy was identified. The micro-structure was obviously refined due to the ultra-high plastic strain induced by multiple LSP impacts. The minimum grain size in the top surface was about 50–200 nm. Multidirectional mechanical twin matrix (MT)–MT intersections led to grain subdivision at the top surface during multiple LSP impacts. Furthermore, a novel structure with submicron triangular blocks was found at the top surface subjected to three LSP impacts. The grain refinement process along the depth direction after multiple LSP impacts can be described as follows: (i) formation of planar dislocation arrays (PDAs) and stacking faults along multiple directions due to the pile up of dislocation lines; (ii) formation of submicron triangular blocks (or irregularly shaped blocks) by the intersection of MT–MT (or MT–PDA or PDA–PDA) along multiple directions; (iii) transformation of MTs into subgrain boundaries; (iv) evolution by continuous dynamic recrystallization of subgrain boundaries to refined grain boundaries. The experimental results and analyses indicate that a high strain with an ultra-high strain rate play a crucial role in the grain refinement process of fcc materials subjected to multiple LSP impacts.