图书馆情报学主要研究方法:了解、选择及使用

[目的/意义]研究方法在学术研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。确认图书馆情报学领域主要的研究方法，并对它们进行了解熟悉，以在开展研究时能合理选择、灵活使用，确保研究质量。[方法/过程]对近2 000篇图书馆情报学领域的研究文献以及相关研究方法论文进行内容分析，在此基础上对研究方法的类分命名、图书馆情报学界主要的研究方法的确定、特点和使用注意事项进行介绍和讨论。[结果/结论]研究方法应以数据收集法而不是数据分析法命名。图书馆情报学领域常用的研究方法包括实验法、问卷法、理论研讨法、内容分析法、访谈法和书目计量法，每种方法都有各自的特点。因而在选择使用时，既应根据具体研究课题及研究方法之特性，也要考虑使用注意事项，并尽量在同一研究中采用两种或更多的方法，以扬长避短，更有效地展开研究。     

Chinese Academic Library Research Evaluation Services

A web content analysis and case study were employed to analyze the research evaluation service practices and activities in 12 Chinese academic libraries – Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Fudan University, Tongji University, Zhejiang University, Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shandong Normal University, and Donghua University. Specifically, the following aspects were examined: names of the services, service type, user training, support platforms, staffing, partnerships, marketing, and publicity and the time when the services were developed. The study found that a majority of Chinese academic libraries engaged in a variety of research evaluation service activities from article/journal/author assessments to patent assessments. Most research evaluation services were expanding from basic services such as citation searches, sci-tech novelty searches, and scholarly output statistical analyses to higher level services such as subject evaluations, subject/field trend analyses, and talent evaluations. Consequently, the user training, support platforms, staffing, partnerships, and marketing and publicity related to research evaluation services are increasing. The study also found that research evaluation services in Chinese academic libraries are based mainly on bibliometrics, and many of the services are being gradually automated and service management is being gradually standardized and institutionalized, while service effectiveness is gradually moving towards productization and specialization. However, these services do not yet extend to all aspects of the research impact cycle. Recommendations from the study include: incorporating new metrics and new types of research output into the current research evaluation systems; using unique author identifier profile systems to link research evaluation data systems and constructing a research impact cycle-oriented service system.     

Research Support in Australian Academic Libraries: Services,Resources, and Relationships

ABSTRACT

In the last decade Australian academic libraries have increasingly aligned their research support services with assessment criteria used in the national research evaluation exercise (Excellence for Research in Australia). The same period has seen growing interest in research impact outside of traditional measures, such as bibliometrics. Social media has provided opportunities for research dissemination and new tools, altmetrics, to measure these activities have emerged. This article reports on research into the extent and nature of research support services at Australian academic libraries, how the services are managed, and the factors that influence their development and delivery. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to compare the findings with an earlier study and to provide a deeper understanding of research support in Australia. Three key themes, services, staff and resourcing, and relationships, are discussed in relation to the management and challenges faced in providing research support.     

替代计量学的提出过程与研究进展

将替代计量学的产生背景梳理为传统文献计量学的局限和在线科研环境带来的机遇两个部分。根据替代计量学发展过程的特点,将其划分为三个阶段,即酝酿阶段、提出与热议阶段和理论应用研究的深化阶段,针对每个阶段深入阐述其内容与特征。进而从主要学术活动主题、代表人物群体、代表作品内容等角度,综述替代计量学的研究进展,在此基础上对替代计量学的进一步发展进行讨论,旨在引起国内学者、出版商、图书馆、信息服务部门等相关人员和部门对替代计量学相关研究的关注,把握这次学术交流与评价体系变革的机遇。     

我国文献计量学的发展

文献计量学现已成为我国情报科学的一个重要分支学科，越来越得到图书情报学界的重视。从我国文献计量学前后各10年的发表文献，主要包括其发表年代、文献期刊分布、作者群分布看出其研究现状，进展及发展趋势，并提出文献计量学研究中存在的一些问题及解决办法。     

Do altmetrics point to the broader impact of research? An overview of benefits and disadvantages of altmetrics

Today, it is not clear how the impact of research on other areas of society than science should be measured. While peer review and bibliometrics have become standard methods for measuring the impact of research in science, there is not yet an accepted framework within which to measure societal impact. Alternative metrics (called altmetrics to distinguish them from bibliometrics) are considered an interesting option for assessing the societal impact of research, as they offer new ways to measure (public) engagement with research output. Altmetrics is a term to describe web-based metrics for the impact of publications and other scholarly material by using data from social media platforms (e.g. Twitter or Mendeley). This overview of studies explores the potential of altmetrics for measuring societal impact. It deals with the definition and classification of altmetrics. Furthermore, their benefits and disadvantages for measuring impact are discussed.     

新一代学术交流生态系统的研究与构建——以北京大学为例

[目的/意义] 通过学术交流生态系统的研究与北京大学学术交流生态系统的初步构建,为高校与科研机构建设学术交流生态系统,推动学术交流和开放获取服务提供研究与实践参考经验。[方法/过程] 梳理学术交流概念、模式、功能与国内外研究发展情况,分析学术交流环境变化,指出开放获取、数据驱动研究范式、软件工具发展、社交媒体、教育教学新变革等因素驱动学术交流生态系统重构。介绍北京大学新一代学术交流生态系统的研究成果、架构设计、构建经验与服务效果,总结机构知识库、研究数据服务、开放出版、学者主页与研究支持服务等建设经验与效果。[结果/结论] 研究提出新一代学术交流生态系统,是以开放学术交流为目标,以学术资源数据汇集为基础,覆盖完整学术交流生命周期,提供研究准备、学术发现、研究与分析、写作、发布、传播与评价等学术交流全流程服务,并利用文献计量、数据挖掘、机器学习等新技术,为教学、科研、科研管理、学科评估等提供支持。总结研究成果和经验,为高校与科研机构建设学术交流生态系统提供有价值的研究与建设参考经验。推动学术交流发展,促进研究创新。     

参考咨询研究主题的演变和趋向——基于1998-2012年CSSCI数据的分析

以CSSCI数据为来源,运用文献计量法,从论文时间分布、作者分布和关键词分布等维度,统计分析1998-2012年我国参考咨询领域的研究成果,揭示高频关键词出现、转移和消失的现象及其变化规律,从中探讨参考咨询研究主题的演变和发展趋向,以期为相关领域的研究方向带来价值判断和理论支撑,为我国图书情报机构提高参考咨询服务水平提供参考。     

高校图书馆社会化理论研究现状及趋势

运用文献计量、趋势分析等方法,对近30年来中国高校图书馆社会化问题的研究文献进行检索、阅读、分析与归纳,概括出目前社会化服务问题研究中的6个核心问题或关注热点,揭示高校图书馆向社会开放的发展趋势,以期为相关研究工作提供科学的依据。     

浅析学术期刊维护学术文献的纯洁性

分析了学术文献因科研不端行为或不负责任的研究行为被玷污的危害性以及学术界目前在处理存在问题与 差错文献方面的不足。通过强调学术期刊保证研究结果的真实性、准确性和可靠性的责任和梳理学术期刊的相关经验, 探讨学术期刊如何利用其有利地位维护学术文献的纯洁性。     

国外文献信息服务机构知识服务实践研究 ——以LANL研究图书馆、CISTI、MPDL为例

以美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室(LANL)研究图书馆、加拿大科技信息研究所(CISTI)、德国马普学会数字图书馆(MPDL)三家图书馆为例,分析国外文献信息服务机构的知识服务实践,总结知识化、网络化时代知识服务的模式与机制,主要包括图书馆服务模式转型优化、机构知识资产管理、科研数据管理与服务、构建虚拟研究环境、改进学术信息交流模式和环境5个方面。     

世界一流高校图书馆科研支持服务调查与分析

[目的/意义] 开展科研支持服务是近年来高校图书馆在e-Research和大数据环境下深化服务的要求与趋势,调查与分析世界范围一流高校图书馆科研支持服务现状能为我国高校图书馆提供参考,通过完善科研支持服务推进"双一流"进程。[方法/过程] 选取QS 2017年世界大学排名前100的高校的图书馆作为调查对象,通过网站调查了解其科研支持服务开展情况,对主要的服务项目类型及相应的服务内容与形式进行分析。[结果/结论] 调查显示,高校图书馆科研支持服务项目主要有科研数据管理、开放存取、学术出版、研究影响力测量、研究导航、研究咨询、研究工具推荐等。为推动我国更多高校实现"双一流"建设目标,高校图书馆在开展科研支持服务中应当制定科研支持服务战略规划,基于科研生命周期为不同阶段的研究活动提供支持服务,成立专门的科研支持服务组织机构并加强团队建设,面向科研人员开展需求调查与培训,设置科研支持栏目以对服务项目进行集成与导航。     

美国高校图书馆学术共享空间的规划与构建

在界定学术共享空间的概念和回顾研究现状的基础上,选取scholarly commons、academiccommons、research commons等三种美国高校图书馆学术共享空间的主要类型作为分析样本,通过采取内容分析法和归纳法,从促使高校图书馆建立学术共享空间的因素、服务对象、服务设施与设备、服务项目以及人力资源等方面进行分析,揭示美国高校图书馆学术共享空间的基本情况和实践经验,并对我国高校图书馆学术共享空间的规划和构建提出对策建议。     

Librarians as Research Partners: Their Contribution to the Scholarly Endeavour Beyond Library and Information Science

Academic libraries are increasingly called upon to demonstrate their value to their home institutions. Research collaboration with faculty resulting in the co-authorship of scholarly output is one possible way to demonstrate the alignment of the library with the institutional mission. Involvement in research also improves librarians' skills in offering research support services. This study explores the contribution of librarians to scholarly journals in fields other than Library and Information Science (LIS) as well as their collaboration practices with researchers in those fields. Results show an increasing number of papers published by library-affiliated authors in non-LIS journals between 2006 and 2015. The papers fall broadly into four areas: articles on topics related to LIS published in non-LIS journals; higher education and information literacy; systematic reviews and meta-analysis; and research collaboration in the faculty's areas of expertise. The study is limited by the difficulty in properly retrieving the scholarly output of librarians from bibliographic databases and the difficulty in ascertaining their contributions to published articles.     

The IR Has Two Faces: Positioning Institutional Repositories for Success

This article describes the ongoing efforts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries to evolve the role of the institutional repository (IR) and to effectively position it within the context of the Libraries’ collections, research support, and scholarly communication services. A major component of this process is re-examining the fundamental aims of the IR and aligning it to the Libraries and the campus strategic goals. The authors situate UNLV Libraries’ experience within the context of the current literature to provide background and reasoning for our decision to pursue two, at times conflicting, aims for the IR: one for scholarly communication and another for research administration.     

我国文献计量学近十年研究状况

采用文献统计方法,对我国1990-2001年间文献计量学论文的数量、来源期刊情况、著者分布、主题分布等进行分析,并与20世纪80年代研究状况进行对比,指出90年代以来我国文献计量学研究的发展趋势与特点。     

Publishing and the digital library: adding value to scholarship and innovation to business

Sydney eScholarship is a framework and suite of services that enables integration of digital collections, open access repositories, and research data services with scholarly publishing. The primary platform for scholarly publishing at the University of Sydney – Sydney University Press – currently operates as part of the University Library's Sydney eScholarship program. Three sets of publishing initiatives demonstrate the integration of the digital library with scholarly publishing to deliver different forms to different audiences: (i) new publishing and the literary canons – rediscovery, customisation and critical interpretations; (ii) book and web – open access publishing; (iii) publishing in the mix – data and experimental scholarly publishing.     

文献计量学在科研评价中的应用进展

从文献计量学在科研评价中的应用历史、实践和前景展望等方面综述了科研评价的文献计量学应用进展。     

GIS and the humanities: Presenting a path to digital scholarship with the Story Map app

ABSTRACT

Working collaboratively, a scholarly resources librarian and a subject liaison librarian at a small, public liberal arts college have created a GIS story mapping workshop for fellow information professionals. Using GIS, the librarians are bridging the gap between humanities and sciences in a liberal arts environment. The librarians' experience of being introduced to GIS and creating training for others enabled them to support their library's data services and digital scholarship initiatives. By helping connect the humanities with science and technology using story maps, librarians can create a neutral environment for learners to conduct interdisciplinary research and develop spatial literacy.