盐酸二甲双胍缓释骨架微丸的研制

采用挤出滚圆造粒机制备盐酸二甲双胍缓释骨架微丸,通过单因素考察和正交设计筛选最优化处方及工艺条件,评价了微丸的粉体学性质和体外释放度。本工艺中微晶纤维素(MCC)的质量分数为10%,乙基纤维素(EC)和硬脂酸物质的量比为1∶1,黏合剂采用质量分数为2%的羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC K4M),在此条件下经烘干制得的盐酸二甲双胍缓释骨架微丸具有较好的缓释效果,释药动力学符合Higuchi方程,且圆整度好。本方法制备盐酸二甲双胍缓释骨架微丸工艺可靠,质量可控。     

几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合气凝胶微球的制备与表征

利用壳聚糖高分子溶液与部分脱乙酰几丁质纳米纤维分散液复合制备水凝胶及气凝胶微球,考察几丁质纳米纤维对复合气凝胶的影响。结果表明:所制备的几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合水凝胶微球的力学性能较单一壳聚糖水凝胶有所提高,并且复合气凝胶微球的孔隙性能相对于单一壳聚糖气凝胶得到显著改善。当复合凝胶微球中几丁质纳米纤维与壳聚糖的质量比为1∶5时,几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合气凝胶的比表面积从单一壳聚糖凝胶微球的46 m~2/g提高至230 m~2/g,孔径主要分布在20~60 nm,添加了几丁质纳米纤维的复合气凝胶微球的表面及内部的网状结构更为丰富。     

海藻酸钠微球制备工艺优化及其对球形及粒径的影响

选用相容性好、无毒且可降解的海藻酸钠作为基质材料,采用W/O乳化-离子交联法制备海藻酸钠微球。考察了内外部固化方法、油/水相体积比、乳化剂用量、搅拌速度以及海藻酸钠溶液质量分数等主要工艺参数对微球形貌、粒径大小及分布的影响,从而确定较为理想的微球制备工艺。实验结果显示,当油/水相体积比1∶1、乳化剂用量为6滴司盘-80和2滴吐温-80、搅拌速度500 r/min、海藻酸钠溶液质量分数为2%以及使用外部固化法时,制备得到的海藻酸钠微球球形度较好,粒径分布较窄,主要在7μm~40μm范围内,其在水中分散性良好。在所有工艺条件中,水相中海藻酸钠的质量分数对微球粒径和分散性起主要作用。     

离子交联法制备氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球

以壳聚糖为药用载体,5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,三聚磷酸钠为离子交联剂,采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖微球制剂,考察处方和工艺因素对载药微球形态、包封率及体外释放行为的影响;采用扫描电镜、粒度分析仪和红外光谱对微球结构进行表征。结果表明:5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球的包封率可达到77.8%,平均粒径为6.4μm,30 min时体外突释为21.3%,48 h以内的累积释药率为77.0%,缓释作用明显。     

海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及对蛋白药物释放的探讨

以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,制备了海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合水凝胶,考察了海藻酸水凝胶微球的粒径和微球在水凝胶基质中的分散性,分析了复合水凝胶基质的结构、溶解分数以及水凝胶在不同pH值下的溶胀率和药物释放。结果表明,药物的累积释放率(CR)随pH值的升高而升高,当pH值为1.2时CR为32%,当pH值为6.8时CR为53%,当pH值为8.0时CR达到70%,表明该复合水凝胶的释药性能受pH值的影响较大。     

拉米夫定-海藻酸钠/壳聚糖核壳结构微球的制备及释药性能

应用反相乳液分散-离子键合法,以戊二醛(GD)为交联剂制备负载拉米夫定的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球(LAMV-SALG/CS).利用拉米夫定的氨基与海藻酸钠的羧基形成弱酸弱碱盐键,使该药物被稳定包覆在微球内层,再以交联壳聚糖作为微球外层而形成具有核壳结构的复合微球.对微球的理化性质及释药性能进行表征及研究.结果表明,制备的LAMV-SALG/CS微球形貌规整,平均粒径约为2μm.测得微球载药质量分数为11.6%,药物包封率为70.3%;CS的活性氨基和戊二醛的羰基结合,形成交联网络,药物被包覆在微球中,且以单分子形式存在.体外模拟释放结果表明,微球释药性能良好,释药平缓,在酸性介质中累积释药率为27%时,其释药周期长达82 h;随制备微球时SALG浓度增大,药物释药速率减缓;在酸性介质中释药速率大于碱性介质;碱性介质合成的微球其释药速率快于弱酸性和弱碱性介质中合成的微球.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,壳聚糖作为聚阳离子组分,海藻酸钠作为聚阴离子组分,制备了壳聚糖(CS)海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶。探讨了改变溶液的pH值和交联剂用量等条件对两种水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。交联剂含量、pH对CS-SA水凝胶溶胀率的影响较大,且在酸性条件下的水凝胶的溶胀率远大于碱性条件下的溶胀率,包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质的pH值的变化而显著不同,pH值为1.0条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH值为7.4,9.18条件下的释药率。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖载药微球的制备及性能

以纳米羟基磷灰石和壳聚糖为基质,构建一种新型甲硝唑缓释微球,作为充填材料用于骨修复.利用乙醇为反应溶剂,聚丙烯酸为分散剂,在pH=11的条件下,制备针状纳米羟基磷灰石.采用W/O型反相乳化-交联技术制备羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖载甲硝唑复合微球.通过紫外分光光度法测定甲硝唑含量和体外累积释放度.研究结果表明:制得的羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖载药复合微球粒径主要集中在1～10 μm,壳聚糖对羟基磷灰石和甲硝唑形成了很好的包覆.复合微球平均载药量为38.23%,平均包封率为54.21%,3 d内对甲硝唑的释放达到82%左右.所制备的羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖载药复合微球形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀,对甲硝唑具有较好的缓释效果.     

奥曲肽微球-凝胶复合体系的制备及加速释放

本研究旨在解决奥曲肽微球前期释放过程中的突释，将其设计成可注射的微球-凝胶复合体系。采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备奥曲肽微球，使用Box-Behnken响应面法对凝胶基质处方参数进行优化。通过考察pH、乙腈和乙醇浓度对该复合体系释药的影响，确定体外加速释放的条件，建立凝胶微球的体外加速释放方法。确定最优处方为：PL188、PL407和HPMC的质量分数分别为3%、22.2%和1%,成胶温度为37℃。该复合体系可有效减少微球前期突释，使药物释放行为更加稳定。确定体外加速释放条件为：含3%乙腈、6%乙醇、pH为7.4的PBS缓冲液为释放介质。该体外加速释放方法可快速有效评价复合体系的释放行为。     

羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇凝胶的制备与释药性能

以羟丙基壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇为原料,制备羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇互穿网络水凝胶并研究其药物释放性能.考察羟丙基壳聚糖质量浓度、聚乙烯醇与羟丙基壳聚糖质量比、交联剂用量等因素对羟丙基壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇互穿网络水凝胶溶胀性能的影响;测定凝胶对温度和pH的敏感性;以利巴韦林为模型研究凝胶对药物的释放性能.结果表明:该水凝胶具有良好的溶胀性、温度及pH敏感性,对利巴韦林有一定的缓释作用,可望用于新型的药物载体.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with