TiAlN涂层制备过程中Ti,Al元素存在形式的演变分析

采用目前商用原子比为Ti50Al50的合金靶材,利用磁控溅射工艺,在硬质合金基体上沉积TiAl和TiAlN涂层。借助扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Ti,Al元素在靶材和涂层中的存在形式作了分析,利用洛氏硬度试验机和纳米硬度仪对涂层的结合强度和硬度等力学性能做了测试分析。结果表明:Ti,Al元素在TiAl合金靶材中以纯Ti相和纯Al相存在,其中Ti原子颗粒镶嵌在Al原子的基体中;在TiAl涂层中以纯Ti单质相和Ti3Al合金相存在;在TiAlN涂层中以面心立方TiN相和密排六方AlN相存在。在涂层的制备过程中,靶材的溅射阶段属于靶材金属离子的产生过程,Ti,Al两种元素由靶材中双单质相结构转变为具有一定能量的离子流状态;涂层的沉积阶段属于Ti,Al两种元素的重新结合状态,无反应气体参与情况下形成合金化结构,反应气体的参与下Ti原子与N原子结合成TiN相,Al以置换TiN晶格中的Ti原子存在。Ti,Al元素的氮化作用导致涂层力学性能发生了变化,涂层硬度由12.8 GPa提高到23.5 GPa;涂层的结合强度由HF-1变为HF-2,均具有较好的结合强度。     

料浆烧结法制备改性Si-Cr-Ti高温抗氧化涂层的研究

采用料浆烧结法制备了C-103铌合金上的改性Si—Cr—Ti高温抗氧化涂层，在涂层料浆中添加活性元素Zr和稀土氧化物Y2O3。进行了1200℃静态抗氧化实验，室温-1200℃的热震实验，1200℃间断氧化增重实验。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)和X射线(XRD)等分析研究了涂层的形貌、结构、元素分布、相分布等。结果表明：涂层由两层组成，其外层是涂层主体，由复杂的(Yb，Cr，Ti，Zr)Si2相组成；中间扩散过渡层为致密的NbSi2相和少量Nb5Si3相共存。加改性元素Zr和稀土氧化物Y2O3能增加涂层的致密度和扩散过渡层宽度，改善涂层体系的抗氧化性能。扩散形成的过渡层与基体、涂层主体层之间的界面平直；过渡层本身致密，且能有效阻止裂纹的进一步扩展和氧向基体的扩散。     

Si含量对TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层的微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用不同Si含量的TiAlSi复合靶,在Si基底片上用射频磁控溅射工艺沉积了TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和纳米压痕技术研究了Si含量对TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:TiAlSiN涂层内部形成了Si3N4界面相包裹TiAlN纳米等轴晶粒的纳米复合结构.随着Si含量的增加,TiAlSiN涂层的结晶程度先增加后降低,涂层内部的晶粒尺寸先减小后趋于平稳,涂层的力学性能先升高后降低.当Si与TiAl原子比为3∶22时获得的最高硬度和弹性模量分别为37.1GPa和357.3 GPa.     

Si、Al、K掺杂钼丝的组织和性能研究

通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)对Si、Al、K掺杂烧结钼条和退火钼丝的组织形貌进行了跟踪检测分析;通过DSC和硬度试验检测Si、Al、K掺杂钼丝的再结晶温度;通过热模拟试验对纯钼条和Si、Al、K掺杂钼条的高温综合力学性能进行了对比分析.结果表明:Si、Al、K掺杂使钼条的高温综合力学性能得到了明显的改善;在本试验条件下,Si、Al、K掺杂使钼丝的再结晶温度提高约550～600℃,再结晶后由长径比大的晶粒形成燕尾搭接状链锁结构组织;Si、Al、K掺杂钼丝的强化相是K泡和硅酸铝钾颗粒.     

添加Cu对PVD AlTiN涂层组织结构和性能的影响

采用阴极弧蒸发离子镀在硬质合金刀具基体上分别沉积AlTiN和AlTiN-Cu涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米压痕仪等分析测试手段研究涂层形貌、组织结构和力学性能的影响规律,并对两种涂层刀具的切削性能进行研究。结果表明:Cu元素以单质的形式存在于AlTiN涂层中,Cu的添加使涂层晶粒由柱状晶转变成等轴晶,细化了涂层晶粒,使涂层的择优取向由(111)面变成(200)面;涂层的纳米硬度由29.01GPa降低到22.04GPa,弹性模量由347.10GPa降低到268.25GPa。Cu元素的添加使AlTiN涂层刀具切削钛合金寿命提高了约36%。     

Ti-B-N涂层的制备、结构及性能研究

通过改变N2气流量、沉积偏压等参数,采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射沉积技术制备Ti-B-N涂层,研究N掺杂含量对涂层相结构、力学性能及导电性能的影响及作用.结果表明:研究所制备出的Ti-B-N涂层相结构均由fcc-TiN、a-BN组成.N极易与B结合得到软质、脆性a-BN,导致涂层的力学性能较差,硬度下降至～17 GPa.随着...     

磁控溅射功率对NiAl涂层成分及显微组织的影响

为了研究溅射功率对涂层化学成分及微观组织演变的影响,通过磁控共溅射法在Si晶片上制备Ni-Al合金镀层。采用XRD、SEM及TEM等测试手段对涂层的物相组成及显微组织进行分析。结果表明:在高溅射功率下,可观察到亚稳态(Ni,Al)基体和Ni3A l析出物的显著结晶特征微观结构,在较低溅射功率下,沉积的涂层表现出固溶体多晶结构,(Ni,Al)基体和Ni3Al沉淀的涂层表现出比单一(Ni,Al)相更高的硬度。在溅射过程中,随着高能量的输入,Ni Al涂层逐渐形成了(Ni,Al)纳米晶和Ni3Al相。随Al溅射功率增大,Ni-Al涂层中Al的浓度增加,晶粒尺寸减小。磁控共溅射Ni-Al涂层的硬度变化可归因于晶粒尺寸和微观结构的演变。     

C/C复合材料硅化物涂层形貌及结构

采用料浆烧结法在1450℃温度下烧结制备了C／C复合材料硅化物高温抗氧化涂层，通过XRD和SEM分析涂层结构及相组成，并对涂层形成机理及涂层氧化前后的结构和形貌变化进行了研究。结果表明：在C／C复合材料表面生成了以MoSi：为主、含部分SiC的两相硅化物主体层，同时在主体层和基体间生成SiC过渡层，保证了涂层与基体的良好结合；涂层在1500℃下氧化生成SiOz玻璃膜，阻挡了氧向基体内部的扩散；氧化过程中Si元素的扩散导致涂层内部微裂纹增多，同时SiC过渡层厚度增加。     

Cr_7C_3-(Ni,Cr)_3(Al,Cr)热喷涂涂层残余应力状态及其来源分析

采用热喷涂方法在灰铸铁基体沉积Cr_7C_3-(Ni,Cr)_3(Al,Cr)涂层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的形貌及结构,涂层厚度约235μm,涂层主要相成分为Cr_7C_3相和Ni_3Al相。纳米压痕仪测定涂层硬度为16.022±2.125 GPa,弹性模量为247.75±16.873 GPa。利用sin~2ψ法分析Cr_7C_3相在(522)晶面在不同夹角(Ψ=0°、±9°、±18°、±27°、±36°和±45°)下的残余应力。结果表明涂层表面为残余压应力,残余应力大约为-1375.9MPa,其中本征应力为主要来源约-1267.9 MPa,热应力为次要来源约-108 MPa。     

Al-Fe-Si合金基体及强化相Al12(Fe,X)3Si价电子结构分析

基于EET理论,计算了Al-Fe-Si合金基体与强化相Al12Fe3Si,Al12(Fe,X)3Si的价电子结构,探讨了价电子结构与合金强化、合金相稳定性的关系及合金元素X对强化相稳定性的影响.结果表明:与基体α-Al相比,强化相Al12Fe3Si,Al12(Fe,X)3Si的n(A)值分别增强了248%,208%～231%,位错运动阻力分别增大2.48倍和2.08～2.31倍,从合金相价电子结构参数n(A)看,溶质原子固溶强化作用弱于析出相的强化作用;合金元素V,Cr,W,Mo,Mn的加入改变了Al12FeSi的价电子结构,使其原子状态组数σ(N)增加了2个数量级,使合金相的稳定性增强,进而延缓了粗化速度;V,Cr,W,Mo,Mn对Al12Fe3Si相稳定性影响的强弱顺序为Cr(Mn)→W(Mo)→V.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。