新型鸭呼肠孤病毒NP03株S3基因序列分析

根据GenBank禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)和番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV)S3基因序列设计合成1对引物,特异性扩增新型鸭呼肠孤病毒NP03株的S3基因,并对其序列进行分析.结果克隆获得NP03株S3 cDNA包含完整的阅读框架,同源性分析NP03分离株S3基因核苷酸序列与ARV、火鸡呼肠孤病毒(TRV)和MDRV的同源性分别为60%～60.2%、61.9%和58.2%～62.7%,氨基酸的同源性分别为68.2%～69%、68.2%和63%～70.4%.表明NP03株的S3基因具有不同于ARV和MDRV的特征,分离毒NP03是一株新型鸭呼肠孤病毒.     

番鸭源小鹅瘟病毒PT株VP基因的克隆与序列分析

为了获得番鸭(Cairina moschata)源小鹅瘟病毒(Goose parvovirus,GPV)结构蛋白VP基因的相关信息,根据国内外已发表鹅源GPV与番鸭细小病毒(Muscovy duck parvovirus,MDPV)全基因序列,应用DNAStar分子生物学软件设计一对引物,应用高保真PCR技术扩增番鸭源小鹅瘟病毒PT株(GPV PT株)VP全基因序列.将扩增得到的VP全基因克隆到pMD 18-T载体上,获得的重组质粒经PCR鉴定后进行序列测定.结果表明,PT株VP全基因大小为2 199 bp,编码732个氨基酸(GenBank登录号:JF926695),与番鸭源小鹅瘟病毒GPV DY株核苷酸及其推导氨基酸同源性分别为98.8％和98.8％,高于鹅源GPV与MDPV参考毒株.在国内外首次发现番鸭源GPV VP基因VP1独特区具有MDPV核苷酸序列特征,而VP2基因具有鹅源GPV核苷酸序列特征.本研究从番鸭源GPV PT株成功克隆到结构蛋白全基因序列,为深入研究番鸭源GPV的起源及水禽细小病毒遗传衍化提供参考.     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒ZJ99株σC基因的序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

参考已发表的番鸭呼肠孤病毒(Muscovy duck reovirus, mDRV)的S4序列，自行设计1对扩增σC基因的引物，对mDRV ZJ99株的RNA抽提物进行RT-PCR扩增，成功地获得了843 bp特异性的扩增片段(GenBank: AY619690)。将PCR产物克隆测序，BLASTn比较结果显示, mDRV ZJ99株σC基因与福建MW9710株对应基因的同源性为98％，与法国89026和89330株对应基因的同源性分别为92％和93%； BLASTp比较结果显示, ZJ99株编码的σC蛋白与MW9710、89026和89330株相应蛋白分别具有94％、89％、 89％同一性(identity)和95％、92％、93％相似性(similarity)。进一步将σC基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pET28a， 转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )BL21(DE3)，IPTG诱导阳性重组子，SDS-PAGE电泳检测发现, σC蛋白在大肠杆菌中以包涵体的形式高效表达，目的蛋白的表达量可达到细菌总蛋白的22.9％。     

鸭呼肠孤病毒基因Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型鉴别诊断RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

临床发病鸭(Anas platyrhynchos domestica)群中存在两种基因型鸭呼肠孤病毒(Duck reovirus,DRV)的感染.为建立一种能鉴别诊断DRV Ⅰ型(classical DRV,C-DRV)与Ⅱ型(novel DRV,N-DRV)的一步法RT-PCR检测方法,本研究通过对GenBank已公布的现有C-DRV和N-DRV S1和S4基因片段序列进行比对分析,设计合成两对特异性引物,并对引物浓度、退火温度和循环次数等扩增条件进行优化,建立一种能鉴别诊断C-DRV和N-DRV的一步法RT-PCR检测方法.结果表明,一步法RT-PCR最佳的反应体系为:PrimeScript 1 Step Enzyme Mix 1μL,2×1 Step Buffer 12.5μL,RNA模板1.5μμL,上下游引物(20μmol/L)各1μL,RNase Free dH2O补足25 μL;最佳反应条件:50℃反转录30 min;94℃预变性2 min;94℃变性30 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s,共30个循环.该方法可从C-DRV和N-DRV基因组中扩增出大小分别为249和505 bp单一特异性片段,从两种病毒基因组混合物中可同时扩增出两条特异性片段,而对鸭源常见病毒及正常细胞基因组在同等条件下检测均为阴性;该方法具有较高的敏感性,其最低病毒检出量分别为0.47和0.62个半数组织培养感染剂量(50％ tissue culture infective dose,TCID50);对不同代次、不同时间提取的病毒RNA样品重复检验3次,结果均一致.对浙江省2011～2015年采集的239份疑似临床病料进行检测,C-DRV与N-DRV的阳性率分别为2.5％(6/239)和31.4％(75/239);通过对阳性病料P10和P18扩增序列的测序也证实检测结果的准确性.本研究建立的双重一步法RT-PCR可以有效区分两种基因型DRV,且临床样品检测表明N-DRV是浙江省流行的优势基因型.本研究为鉴别诊断C-DRV与N-DRV提供了一个快速、灵敏性高及低成本的实验室诊断方法,该方法的建立可为DRV的分子流行病毒学调查提供有效的技术支持.     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白主要抗原域在毕赤酵母中的表达及鉴定

猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)是一自主型细小病毒(Autonomous parvovirus),它是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要因素之一。目前国内外的诊断方法多以全病毒为抗原,存在很大的局限性,而重组蛋白无感染性,易于生产和纯化。因此用重组蛋白来检测猪细小病中抗体水平对于猪细小病的防     

H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒A/Duck/FuJian/01/02株感染性克隆构建

摘 要：1999-2002年本试验室从我国南方健康鸭体内分离到21株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒,对其进行系统地生物学特性和遗传演化分析发现,其中A/Duck/FuJian/01/02(简DKFJ)和A/Duck/Guangxi/53/02(简DKGX) 属于同一基因型, 对鸡都呈高致病性,但对哺乳动物模型Balb/c小鼠的致病性明显不同: DKGX对小鼠呈低致病性（MLD50>106.5）,DKGX株反向基因操作系统本试验室已经建立,而DKFJ对小鼠呈高致病性（MLD50<100.5）。为了研究这两株病毒对哺乳动物模型Balb/c小鼠致病性差异的分子机制,本研究构建了对DKFJ的8质粒反向基因操作系统,并通过细胞转染技术成功拯救了该病毒（R-DKFJ）。R-DKFJ在对哺乳动物模型Balb/c小鼠的致病性保持了与亲本野生毒（W-DKFJ, MLD50<100.5）一致的生物学特性,并且对小鼠呈全身感染,即106EID50鼻腔感染小鼠后第三天在脑、脾、肾、肺脏等脏器检测到病毒。DKFJ反向基因操作系统的成功建立为阐明H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对哺乳动物模型Balb/c小鼠的致病机制等方面奠定了基础。     

水稻瘤矮病毒基因组S8片段全序列测定及其结构分析

应用RT-PCR技术克隆了水稻瘤矮病毒（Rice gall dwarf virus,RGDV）中国广东信宜分离物（RGDV-C）的基因组S8片段，并测定了全序列。结果表明RGDV-C基因组s8片段全长1578bp（GenBank登录No．AY216767），含有一个ORF，编码一个含有426个氨基酸的外层衣壳蛋白，基因结构与泰国的RGDV分离物基本一致，核苷酸和推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为96．0％和99．1％，与植物呼肠孤病毒属（Phytoreovirus）的三叶草伤瘤病毒（Wound tumor virus，WTV）和水稻矮缩病毒（Rice dwarf virus,RDV）各分离物的核苷酸同源性分别为56．8％和55．3％～56．0％。从s8编码的外层衣壳蛋白亲缘关系、反向重复序列、病毒粒体被严格限制于薄壁细胞以及致瘤特性来看，RGDV与WTV比RGDV与RDV具有更近的亲缘关系。     

新发PDCoV和TGEV双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

猪Delta冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是一种新发现的冠状病毒,临床上主要引起感染仔猪出现水样腹泻、呕吐和脱水等症状,和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)感染引起的临床症状极为类似,且临床上PDCoV和TGEV混合感染时有发生,单靠临床诊断很难区分两种疾病,因此建立同时检测且区分PDCoV和TGEV的检测方法具有重要的临床意义.本研究根据GenBank中收录的PDCoVN基因和TGEVN基因序列设计了2对引物,在同一反应体系中同时扩增PDCoV的N基因片段和TGEV的N基因片段,通过对RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了同时检测PDCoV和TGEV的双重RT-PCR方法,并对该方法进行了特异性、灵敏性和重复性研究.结果显示,所建立的双重RT-PCR对PDCoV和TGEV的最低检测量分别是3.14×102 copies/μL和3.68× 103 copies/μL,利用该双重RT-PCR方法对猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪博卡病毒(Porcinebocavirus,PBoV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus,PRRSV)和猪伪狂犬病毒(P.pseudorabiesvirus,PRV)的扩增结果均为阴性,显示出较好的特异性.为了解所建立的双重RT-PCR方法的临床应用效果,对252份临床样品进行了检测.结果表明,双重RT-PCR检出PDCoV阳性样品31份(阳性率为12.30％),TGEV阳性样品12份(阳性率为4.76％),同时感染PDCoV和TGEV的阳性样品2份(阳性率为0.79％),且检测结果与单一PDCoV和TGEV RT-PCR相符.因此,本研究所建立的双重RT-PCR方法可用于PDCoV和TGEV的临床检测,为进一步研究PDCoV和TGEV的临床鉴别诊断和流行病学调查提供了理论依据和技术支持.     

SRBSDV侵染的白背飞虱中肠酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建和分析

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)斐济病毒属(Fijivirus)成员,主要由白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera,WBPH)以持久增殖型方式进行传播.在病毒的侵染循回过程中,白背飞虱中肠上皮细胞是病毒的初侵染和主要增殖场所.而病毒的有效增殖是决定介体能否传毒的关键影响因素.为了更好地研究SRBSDV和介体白背飞虱的互作关系,尤其是了解白背飞虱中肠蛋白通过参与调控病毒的增殖过程,而使介体昆虫成功获毒并传毒,本研究以高带毒白背飞虱群体中肠组织为实验材料,构建了高带毒白背飞虱群体中肠的酵母双杂交cDNA文库.经过检测表明,构建的文库滴度为1.5×106 cfu/mL,平均插入片段主要分布在1.0～2.0 kb之间,文库质量较好,可用于研究SRBSDV编码蛋白和白背飞虱中肠蛋白的互作关系,并为开展SRBSDV和昆虫介体的互作研究奠定了基础.     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

Kinetics of Popping of Popcorn

The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements.     

物联网安全及解决措施

物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。     

荔枝种子结构的扫描电镜观察

荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。     

Towards bioremediation of toxic unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons: identification of bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins

Background, aim and scope  Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread, but often overlooked, environmental contaminants. Since UCMs are generally rather resistant to bacterial degradation, bioremediation of UCM-contaminated sites by bacteria is a challenging goal. Branched chain alkyltetralins are amongst the individual classes of components of aromatic UCMs which have been identified in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and a number of synthetic alkyltetralins have proved toxic in laboratory studies. Thus, alkyltetralins should perhaps be amongst the targets for UCM bioremediation strategies. The slow degradation of several alkyltetralins by a microbial consortium has been reported previously; however, the bacteria involved remain unidentified and no single strain capable of alkyltetralin biodegradation has been isolated. The present project therefore aimed to enrich and identify bacterial consortia and single strains of bacteria from a naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated site (Whitley Bay, UK), which were capable of the degradation of two synthetic alkyltetralins (6-cyclohexyltetralin (CHT) and 1-(3’-methylbutyl)-7-cyclohexyltetralin (MBCHT)). Materials and methods  Bacteria were enriched from sediment collected from Whitley Bay, UK by culturing with CHT and MBCHT for a period of 4 months. Biodegradation experiments were then established and degradation of model compounds monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Internal standards allowed the generation of quantitative data. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from individual enrichments to allow assessment of microbial community structure. Selective media containing MBCHT were used to isolate single bacterial strains. These strains were then tested in liquid culture for their ability to degrade MBCHT. Results  The consortia obtained through enrichment culture were able to degrade 87% of CHT and 76% of MBCHT after only 46 days compared with abiotic controls. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries of these bacteria were dominated by sequences of Rhodococcus spp. Using selective media, a strain of Rhodococcus was then isolated that was also able to biodegrade 63% of MBCHT in only 21 days. Discussion  The present report describes the isolation of a single bacterial strain able to degrade the resistant MBCHT. Although significant losses of MBCHT were observed, putative metabolites were not detectable. Rhodococcus sp. have been reported previously to be able to biodegrade a range of hydrocarbon compounds. Recommendations and perspectives  Due to their environmental persistence and toxicity, aromatic UCMs require bioremediation. The culturing and identification of such bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins may be an important step toward the development of bioremediation strategies for sites contaminated with toxic UCMs.