聚羧酸盐分散剂在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附特性

通过测定吸附量、吸附层厚度和傅里叶红外光谱研究聚羧酸盐分散剂Tersperse 2700在农药吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附热力学、动力学、吸附作用力和吸附形态。热力学和动力学研究结果表明:吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,随温度升高Langmuir常数和饱和吸附量明显降低,由ΔG_ad<0、ΔH_ad<0、ΔS_ad>0可知该吸附为自发、放热、熵增过程,结合吸附层厚度随温度升高而降低的现象可认为高温不利于该吸附进行;吸附动力学符合Lagergren方程,半饱和吸附时间随温度升高而降低表明该吸附速率随温度升高而增加,该吸附过程的表观活化能E_a为12.62 kJ·mol^-1,表明该吸附为物理吸附。吸附作用力和吸附形态研究结果表明:分散剂2700在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附作用力以范德华力为主;吸附形态为单层多点式吸附,通过建立假设吸附模型认为分散剂2700以空间位阻效应和静电斥力效应共同维持在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附稳定性。     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附特性

通过溶液聚合合成一系列苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物分散剂.研究了不同单体摩尔比对其产率和在吡虫啉颗粒表面吸附性能的影响,结果表明当两种单体摩尔比为0.8时分散剂的产率和吸附性能相对最优.通过振荡吸附实验研究了最优分散剂在吡虫啉颗粒表面的吸附动力学、等温线和热力学,由XPS近似计算不同温度下分散剂的吸附层厚度.结果表明:吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学方程;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型;吸附热力学表明该吸附为自发、放热、熵增过程,高温不利于吸附进行;DH_ad < 40 kJ·mol^-1表明该吸附过程为物理吸附;吸附层厚度随温度升高而降低.通过与其他商品化分散剂对比可知该共聚物适合作为分散剂用于吡虫啉的水基化剂型.     

阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附动力学和热力学

以酶法制备茶氨酸,研究了碱性条件下阴离子交换树脂对茶氨酸的吸附与分离. 结果表明,强碱性树脂对茶氨酸的吸附性能优于弱碱性树脂,且其吸附容量受pH值的影响较小,pH=9.0时凝胶型强碱性树脂HZ202对茶氨酸的平衡吸附量可达96.3 mg/g. 对HZ202吸附茶氨酸的吸附等温模型及动力学、热力学参数进行了分析,结果表明,茶氨酸在HZ202树脂表面为非均一分布,Spis模型可较好模拟其吸附等温线数据;热力学参数计算结果显示,不同温度下吸附过程的吉布斯自由能变DG均为负值,表明吸附为自发的放热过程;吸附过程的焓变DH=20.9~418.4 kJ/mol,可判断其为化学吸附. 茶氨酸吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学反应控制,提高茶氨酸初始浓度可提高吸附速率.     

萘磺酸盐分散剂在不同晶型吡唑醚菌酯颗粒表面吸附性能

通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、紫外光谱（UV）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试,研究了萘磺酸盐分散剂在两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯颗粒表面的吸附性能。两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯吸附萘磺酸盐分散剂后,晶型未发生改变;两种晶型吡唑醚菌酯吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,晶型Ⅱ E_a＝16.04 kJ·mol^-1,晶型Ⅳ E_a＝12.42 kJ·mol^-1,均为物理吸附;吡唑醚菌酯晶型Ⅱ、晶型Ⅳ吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,晶型Ⅱ的吸附焓变H_ad为20.64 kJ·mol^-1,吸附过程为吸热过程,温度升高有利于萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物（D425）在晶型Ⅱ颗粒表面的吸附;晶型Ⅳ的吸附焓变H_ad为-15.26 kJ·mol^-1,吸附过程为放热过程,温度升高不利于D425在晶型Ⅳ颗粒表面的吸附。     

D314树脂吸附钼离子的热力学和动力学

采用静态实验法研究D314树脂吸附钼离子的机理,在实验条件下分别用弗伦德利希(Freundlich)和朗格缪尔(Langmuir)等温吸附模型分析了D314树脂对钼离子的吸附热力学过程。结果表明,Langmuir方程相关性较高,可拟合钼离子的吸附过程。ΔH>0表明离子交换过程为吸热过程,热力学函数ΔG<0表明D314树脂吸附钼离子过程能够自发进行,ΔS>0表明钼离子吸附是熵增过程。准二级动力学模型其相关系数R²在0.99以上能够很好拟合D314树脂吸附钼离子的过程,颗粒扩散为钼离子吸附过程的主要控速步骤。     

D314树脂吸附钼离子的热力学和动力学

采用静态实验法研究D314树脂吸附钼离子的机理,在实验条件下分别用弗伦德利希(Freundlich)和朗格缪尔(Langmuir)等温吸附模型分析了D314树脂对钼离子的吸附热力学过程。结果表明,Langmuir方程相关性较高,可拟合钼离子的吸附过程。ΔH0表明离子交换过程为吸热过程,热力学函数ΔG0表明D314树脂吸附钼离子过程能够自发进行,ΔS0表明钼离子吸附是熵增过程。准二级动力学模型其相关系数R~2在0.99以上能够很好拟合D314树脂吸附钼离子的过程,颗粒扩散为钼离子吸附过程的主要控速步骤。     

复合离子缓凝剂在水泥颗粒表面的吸附行为

采用水溶液聚合法制备了复合离子缓凝剂(IAD),借助红外光谱及元素分析表征了IAD的分子结构.采用化学需氧量(COD)法,研究了不同温度,不同浓度下的IAD在水泥颗粒表面的吸附动力学及吸附热力学.动力学研究结果表明:饱和吸附量随温度升高而增大,吸附动力学过程符合Lagergren吸附速率方程,由Arrhenius方程,得到Ea=7.75 kJ/mol.吸附热力学研究结果表明,吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,当温度升高,吸附平衡常数减小,求得热力学参数△H=-11.48 kJ/mol,AS=89.05 J/(mol·K),AG＜0,吸附为放热自发过程.     

原花青素在HZ818树脂上的吸附热力学和动力学

通过在不同温度下的静态吸附实验,研究了葡萄籽原花青素在大孔树脂HZ818上的吸附热力学及动力学特性。分别采用Langmuir、Freundlich等温式对不同温度下的等温吸附数据进行拟合,采用Largergren拟一级动力学模型、拟二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散动力学模型对吸附动力学数据进行分析。结果表明:原花青素在HZ818树脂上的吸附量随着温度的升高而增大,等温吸附数据更符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,吸附焓变大于0,吉布斯自由能变小于0,HZ818树脂对原花青素的吸附过程为自发进行的吸热过程;吸附动力学更符合拟二级动力学模型,过程受主要包括颗粒内扩散在内的多因素共同影响。     

鸡毛吸附水中机油的动力学和热力学研究

利用H2O2预处理的鸡毛作为吸附剂对水中机油污染物进行了吸附动力学和吸附热力学研究.在25～55℃范围内,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型.动力学研究表明,室温下鸡毛吸附机油速度快,吸附15min就达到吸附平衡.吸附可以用拟二级动力学模型描述.计算了吸附过程的热力学参数,标准吉布斯自由能△Go-24.59～26.63kJ·mol-1,标准焓变△Ho 为-45.74kJ·mol-1,标准熵变△So为-65.35J·(mol·K)-1.结果表明,吸附是一个可自发的、放热和熵减少的过程.     

金属Mn离子（Ⅱ）在烟草上的吸附动力学和热力学研究

通过测定不同温度、浓度下的吸附速率曲线和吸附等温线，研究了Mn^2 在烟草上的吸附动力学和热力学，结果表明，烟草对Mn^2 的吸附速率快，吸附热效应高；吸附动力学过程可由lagergren一级动力学模式较好地描述，且吸咐主要属内扩散控制，吸咐等温模型符合Langmuir等温吸咐机理。     

小麦秸秆对硝基苯的吸附动力学及热力学研究

采用批量吸附实验考察了小麦秸秆对硝基苯的吸附动力学及热力学行为。吸附平衡时间约为60 min,且在前20 min是吸附急剧增加的第一阶段。吸附动力学行为符合拟二级动力学方程,拟二级动力学方程拟合曲线的决定系数均大于0.99,说明拟合程度很好。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线都能较好地拟合吸附过程。吸附热力学结果表明,该反应是自发、吸热并且熵变增加的过程,温度升高有利于吸附反应的进行。     

对甲基苯甲酸在大孔吸附树脂上的吸附热力学及动力学研究

研究了对甲基苯甲酸在NDA-1800和JX-101大孔吸附树脂上的静态吸附热力学和动力学行为。结果表明,在283～313 K和研究的浓度范围内,两种大孔吸附树脂吸附对甲基苯甲酸的行为符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。对甲基苯甲酸在两种大孔吸附树脂上的吸附焓变△H〈0,为放热过程;自由能变△G〈0,吸附过程能自发进行;吸附熵变△S〈0,这是因为吸附质分子从水溶液中被吸附到树脂表面后,其分子运动受到了限制,使吸附熵减少。两种大孔树脂吸附对甲基苯甲酸的速率常数都比较大,且随着温度的升高而增大。吸附活化能都比较低,吸附较容易进行。     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto a low-cost ceramsite: Preparation,kinetics, and thermodynamics

A novel composite ceramsite derived from bamboo powders and bentonite was developed as adsorbents for waste water treatment. The microstructure, morphology, and thermal properties of ceramsite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and differential thermal analysis. The effect of compositions, sintering temperatures, sintering time, pH, and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the ceramsites were studied. The results revealed that the maximum Cr(VI) removal rate of 99% can be obtained in the ceramsite with weight ratio bamboo to bentonite of 6:4, the annealing temperature of 1000°C, the solution pH 1 and contact time of 12 h. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process best followed pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was discussed and both chemisorption and physiosorption were proposed as adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI). Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters, including changes in Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, were studied in detail. The bamboo powder/bentonite composite ceramsite developed in this work is a promising candidate as an effective and economical adsorbent for Cr(VI) ions removal.     

Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of azo-dye Orange II onto highly porous titania aerogel

We report herein a kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of azo-dye Orange II from aqueous solutions onto titania aerogels. Aerogels structure was confirmed by FTIR and N₂ adsorption revealed their specific surface area (500 m²/g), pore volume (2.86 cm³/g) and pore size (mean 13.9 nm). Adsorption tests were conducted in batch reactors under various conditions where the effect of pH, temperature, contact time, dye concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied. Experiments performed at pH 2 show the optimal adsorption due to the best surface charge interactions. The temperature shows a weak influence with a decrease in the adsorption uptake as the temperature increases. Adsorption kinetics is shown to be very fast and follows a pseudo second-order indicating the coexistence of chemisorption and physisorption with the intra-particle diffusion being the rate controlling step. The experimental data fit perfectly with Sips isotherms and reveal the ability of titania aerogel to adsorb 420 mg of Orange II per gram of adsorbent at the optimal conditions. The thermodynamic study reveals the activation energy (42.1 kJ mol⁻¹) and the changes in Gibbs free energy (1.2 kJ mol⁻¹), enthalpy (−16.4 kJ mol⁻¹), and entropy (−58 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). The entire regeneration of the titania aerogel adsorption sites at pH 11 and 30 °C shows a total recovery of the dye and the efficient reusability and the economic interest of these adsorbing materials for environmental purposes.     

Adsorption of lithium ions on lithium-aluminum hydroxides: Equilibrium and kinetics

The rapid development of rechargeable lithium batteries has promoted the demand of primary lithium products obtained from lithium-bearing resources, especially salt lakes. Layered lithium-aluminum hydroxides connecting with ion exchange resin were used for the adsorption of lithium ions from aqueous resources. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pH, initial lithium concentration, and contact time on lithium adsorption. The optimal conditions for lithium adsorption were found to be pH = 7, and the equilibrium time is approximately 600 minutes. The selectivity experiment indicated that the adsorbent showed selectivity toward lithium ion, so the adsorbent could be used in the separation of lithium ion with other metal ions, especially the divalent magnesium ions. The experiment showed that the existence of the magnesium chloride enhanced the lithium adsorption onto the adsorbent greatly. The kinetic data were analyzed by several kinetic models, and the best result was achieved with a pseudo-second-order model. The commonly used adsorption isotherms were used to fit the experimental data by nonlinear regression. Both Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models could describe the isotherm well. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH) were also calculated subsequently and the results showed the lithium adsorption process is exothermic with the decrease of randomness. Breakthrough curves demonstrated the cyclic stability of the adsorbent and the influence of the feed flow rate. Lithium ions were effectively adsorbed from the aqueous solution by the adsorbent, demonstrating its feasibility for lithium recovery and providing the fundamental data for further column design.     

Adsorption of Furfural from Aqueous Solution onto Activated Carbon: Kinetic,Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of various experimental parameters viz. initial pH (pH ₀), adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration and temperature on the adsorptive removal of furfural from aqueous solution by commercial grade activated carbon (ACC). Optimum conditions for furfural removal were found to be pH ₀ ≈ 5.9, adsorbent dose ≈ 10 g/l of solution and equilibrium time ≈ 6.0 h. The adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The effective diffusion coefficient of furfural was of the order of 10^?13 m²/s. Furfural adsorption onto ACC was found to be best represented by the Redlich‐Peterson isotherm. A decrease in the temperature of the operation favorably influenced the adsorption of furfural onto ACC. The positive values of the change in entropy (ΔS ⁰); and the negatived value of heat of adsorption (ΔH ⁰) and change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG ⁰) indicated feasible, exothermic, and spontaneous nature of furfural adsorption onto ACC.